Edgar Filing: Infosys Ltd

Form 6-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarter ended September 30, 2013

Commission File Number 000-25383

Infosys Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant's name into English)

Electronics City, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 560 100, Karnataka, India. +91-80-2852-0261

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F

Form 20-F þ Form 40-F £

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) : £

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) : £

Currency of presentation and certain defined terms

In this Quarterly Report, references to "U.S." or "United States" are to the United States of America, its territories and its possessions. References to "India" are to the Republic of India. References to "$" or "dollars" or "U.S. dollars" are to the legal currency of the United States and references to "" or "rupees" or "Indian rupees" are to the legal currency of India. Our financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and are prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IFRS. References to "Indian GAAP" are to Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. References to a particular "fiscal" year are to our fiscal year ended March 31 of such year.

All references to "we", "us", "our", "Infosys" or the "company" shall mean Infosys Limited, and, unless specifically indicated otherwise or the context indicates otherwise, our consolidated subsidiaries. "Infosys" is a registered trademark of Infosys Limited in the United States and India. All other trademarks or trade names used in this Quarterly Report are the property of their respective owners.

Except as otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report, all translations from Indian rupees to U.S. dollars effected are based on the fixing rate in the City of Mumbai on September 30, 2013 for cable transfers in Indian rupees as published by the Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association of India, or FEDAI, which was 62.61 per $1.00. No representation is made that the Indian rupee amounts have been, could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at such a rate or any other rate. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information
	Item 1. Financial Statements
		Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements
	Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Part II - Other Information
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits
SIGNATURES EXHIBIT INDEX EXHIBIT 31.1 EXHIBIT 32.1 EXHIBIT 99.1 EXHIBIT 99.2

Part I – Financial Information

Item I. Financial Statements

Infosys Limited and subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of

(Dollars in millions except share data)

	Note	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	2.1	$3,601	$4,021
Available-for-sale financial assets	2.2	448	320
Investment in certificates of deposit		84	–
Trade receivables		1,333	1,305
Unbilled revenue		503	449
Derivative financial instruments	2.7	–	19
Prepayments and other current assets	2.4	389	391
Total current assets		6,358	6,505
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment	2.5	1,120	1,191
Goodwill	2.6	352	364
Intangible assets	2.6	62	68
Available-for-sale financial assets	2.2	165	72
Deferred income tax assets	2.16	88	94
Income tax assets	2.16	222	201
Other non-current assets	2.4	30	44
Total non-current assets		2,039	2,034
Total assets		$8,397	$8,539
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments	2.7	$72	–
Trade payables		16	35
Current income tax liabilities	2.16	305	245
Client deposits		3	6
Unearned revenue		135	152
Employee benefit obligations		142	113
Provisions	2.8	71	39
Other current liabilities	2.9	698	568
Total current liabilities		1,442	1,158
Non-current liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities	2.16	11	23
Other non-current liabilities	2.9	44	27
Total liabilities		1,497	1,208
Equity
Share capital 5 ($0.16) par value 600,000,000 equity shares authorized, issued and outstanding 571,402,566 each, net of 2,833,600 treasury shares each as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013		64	64
Share premium		704	704
Retained earnings		8,159	7,666
Other components of equity		(2,027)	(1,103)
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the company		6,900	7,331
Non-controlling interests		–	–
Total equity		6,900	7,331
Total liabilities and equity		$8,397	$8,539
Commitments and contingent liabilities	2.5, 2.16 and 2.20

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements

Infosys Limited and subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in millions except share and per equity share data)

	Note	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
		2013	2012	2013	2012
Revenues		$2,066	$1,797	$4,057	$3,549
Cost of sales		1,337	1,114	2,633	2,173
Gross profit		729	683	1,424	1,376
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing expenses		120	92	223	178
Administrative expenses*		158	119	282	237
Total operating expenses		278	211	505	415
Operating profit		451	472	919	961
Other income, net	2.13	81	129	184	216
Profit before income taxes		532	601	1,103	1,177
Income tax expense	2.16	149	170	302	330
Net profit		$383	$431	$801	$847
Other comprehensive income
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability/asset		$5	–	$6	–
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Fair value changes on available-for-sale financial asset, net of tax effect (refer note 2.2 and 2.16)		(4)	1	(4)	–
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations		(316)	324	(935)	(228)
Total other comprehensive income		$(315)	$325	$(933)	$(228)
Total comprehensive income		$68	$756	$(132)	$619
Profit attributable to:
Owners of the company		$383	$431	$801	$847
Non-controlling interest		–	–	–	–
		$383	$431	$801	$847
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the company		$68	$756	$(132)	$619
Non-controlling interest		–	–	–	–
		$68	$756	$(132)	$619
Earnings per equity share
Basic ($)		0.67	0.75	1.40	1.48
Diluted ($)		0.67	0.75	1.40	1.48
Weighted average equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share	2.17
Basic		571,402,566	571,397,749	571,402,566	571,397,150
Diluted		571,402,566	571,398,613	571,402,566	571,398,353
(*) Administrative expenses for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 include a provision of $35 million towards visa related matters. Refer note 2.20

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements

Infosys Limited and subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Dollars in millions except share data)

	*Shares^()**	Share capital	Share premium	Retained earnings	Other components of equity	Total equity attributable to equity holders of the company
Balance as of April 1, 2012	571,396,401	$64	$703	$6,509	$(700)	$6,576
Changes in equity for the six months ended September 30, 2012
Shares issued on exercise of employee stock options	2,445	–	–	–	–	–
Dividends (including corporate dividend tax)	–	–	–	(382)	–	(382)
Fair value changes on available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax effect (Refer Note 2.2 and 2.16)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Net profit	–	–	–	847	–	847
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	–	–	–	–	(228)	(228)
Balance as of September 30, 2012	571,398,846	$64	$703	$6,974	$(928)	$6,813
Balance as of April 1, 2013	571,402,566	$64	$704	$7,666	$(1,103)	$7,331
Changes in equity for the six months ended September 30, 2013
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability/(asset)	–	–	–	–	6	6
Change in accounting policy -Adoption of Revised IAS 19	–	–	–	(6)	9	3
Dividends (including corporate dividend tax) (Refer Note 2.11.1)	–	–	–	(302)	–	(302)
Fair value changes on available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax effect (Refer Note 2.2 and 2.16)	–	–	–	–	(4)	(4)
Net profit	–	–	–	801	–	801
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	–	–	–	–	(935)	(935)
Balance as of September 30, 2013	571,402,566	$64	$704	$8,159	$(2,027)	$6,900

*excludes treasury shares of 2,833,600 held by consolidated trust

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements

Infosys Limited and subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in millions)

	Note	Six months ended
		September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Operating activities:
Net profit		$801	$847
Adjustments to reconcile net profit to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2.5 and 2.6	110	96
Income on available-for-sale financial assets and certificates of deposits		(19)	(19)
Income tax expense	2.16	302	330
Other non cash item		–	1
Effect of exchange rate changes on assets and liabilities		12	3
Deferred purchase price	2.3	14	–
Changes in working capital
Trade receivables		(211)	(146)
Prepayments and other assets		(16)	(63)
Unbilled revenue		(120)	(13)
Trade payables		(4)	2
Client deposits		(3)	(1)
Unearned revenue		3	39
Other liabilities and provisions		382	54
Cash generated from operations		1,251	1,130
Income taxes paid	2.16	(279)	(294)
Net cash provided by operating activities		972	836
Investing activities:
Expenditure on property, plant and equipment, including changes in retention money and capital creditors	2.5 and 2.9	(199)	(162)
Payment on acquisition of intangible assets		–	(2)
Payment for acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		–	(1)
Loans to employees		(4)	(4)
Deposits placed with corporation		(1)	(8)
Income on available-for-sale financial assets		14	16
Investment in quoted debt securities		(108)	(12)
Investment in certificates of deposit		(87)	–
Redemption of certificates of deposit		–	18
Investment in liquid mutual fund units		(1,830)	(1,733)
Redemption of liquid mutual fund units		1,657	832
Investment in fixed maturity plan securities		(5)	–
Net cash used in investing activities		(563)	(1,056)
Financing activities:
Payment of dividend		(258)	(329)
Payment of corporate dividend tax		(44)	(53)
Net cash used in financing activities		(302)	(382)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(527)	(180)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		107	(602)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning	2.1	4,021	4,047
Cash and cash equivalents at the end	2.1	$3,601	$3,265
Supplementary information:
Restricted cash balance	2.1	$50	$54

The accompanying notes form an integral part of the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

1. Company Overview and Significant Accounting Policies

1.1 Company overview

Infosys Limited (Infosys or the company) along with its controlled trusts, Infosys Limited Employees‘ Welfare Trust and Infosys Science Foundation, majority owned and controlled subsidiary, Infosys BPO Limited (Infosys BPO) and its wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries, and wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries, Infosys Technologies (Australia) Pty. Limited (Infosys Australia), Infosys Technologies (China) Co. Limited (Infosys China), Infosys Technologies S. DE R.L. de C.V. (Infosys Mexico), Infosys Technologies (Sweden) AB (Infosys Sweden), Infosys Consulting India Limited (Infosys Consulting India), Infosys Tecnologia do Brasil Ltda (Infosys Brasil), Infosys Public Services, Inc., (Infosys Public Services), Infosys Americas Inc., (Infosys Americas), Infosys Technologies (Shanghai) Company Limited (Infosys Shanghai) and Lodestone Holding AG and its controlled subsidiaries (Infosys Lodestone) is a leading global technology services company. The Infosys group of companies (the Group) provides business consulting, technology, engineering and outsourcing services. In addition, the Group offers software products for the banking industry.

The company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The company has its primary listings on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The company’s American Depositary Shares representing equity shares are also listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) following the company’s voluntary delisting from the NASDAQ Global Select Market on December 11, 2012. The company listed on NYSE Euronext London and NYSE Euronext Paris on February 20, 2013.

The company’s unaudited consolidated interim financial statements were authorized for issue by the company’s Board of Directors on October 30, 2013.

1.2 Basis of preparation of financial statements

These consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS), under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments and prepaid gratuity benefits which have been measured at fair values. These consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013. Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

1.3 Changes in accounting policies

The Group has adopted the following new standards and amendments to standards, including any consequential amendments to other standards, with effect from April 1, 2013.

Amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures*

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements (2011) (Refer 1.4)

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements*

IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities*

IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement

On April 1, 2013, the Group adopted, IFRS 13, “Fair Value Measurement” which establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurement under IFRS. IFRS 13 provides a revised definition of fair value and guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRS and introduces more comprehensive disclosure requirements on fair value measurement. There was no impact on the consolidated financial statements due to the adoption of the measurement requirements of IFRS 13. The Group has provided the disclosures as required by IFRS 13 in the note “Financial Instruments” of these consolidated financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 1- Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income (Refer statement of comprehensive income).

As a result of the amendments to IAS 1, the Group has modified the presentation of items of other comprehensive income in its consolidated statements of comprehensive income, to present separately items that would be reclassified to profit or loss in the future from those that would never be. Comparative information has also been re-presented accordingly.

The adoption of the amendment to IAS 1 has no impact on the recognised assets, liabilities and comprehensive income of the Group.

IAS 19 Employee Benefits (2011) (Revised IAS 19) Refer 1.19.1

Amendments to IAS 32- Financial Instruments: Income taxes arising from distribution to equity holders*

Amendments to IAS 34- Interim Financial Reporting: Segment information for total assets and liabilities*

* The adoption of these standards does not have any impact on the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of the group.

1.4 Basis of consolidation

Infosys consolidates entities which it owns or controls. As a result of the adoption of IFRS 10, the Group has changed its accounting policy with respect to the basis for determining control.

Control exists when the parent has power over the entity, is exposed, or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns by using its power over the entity. Power is demonstrated through existing rights that give the ability to direct relevant activities, those which significantly affect the entity's returns. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date control commences until the date control ceases.

Previously, control existed when the Group had the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that were currently exercisable were also taken into account.

In accordance with the transitional provisions of IFRS 10 (2011), the Group reassessed the control conclusion at April 1, 2013 and has concluded that there is no change to the scope of the entities to be consolidated as a result of the adoption of IFRS 10.

The financial statements of the Group companies are consolidated on a line-by-line basis and intra-group balances and transactions including unrealized gain / loss from such transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. These financial statements are prepared by applying uniform accounting policies in use at the Group. Non-controlling interests which represent part of the net profit or loss and net assets of subsidiaries that are not, directly or indirectly, owned or controlled by the company, are excluded.

1.5 Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Application of accounting policies that require critical accounting estimates involving complex and subjective judgments and the use of assumptions in these financial statements have been disclosed in Note 1.6. Accounting estimates could change from period to period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Appropriate changes in estimates are made as management becomes aware of changes in circumstances surrounding the estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated interim financial statements.

1.6 Critical accounting estimates

a. Revenue recognition

The company uses the percentage-of-completion method in accounting for its fixed-price contracts. Use of the percentage-of-completion method requires the company to estimate the efforts or costs expended to date as a proportion of the total efforts or costs to be expended. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the expected contract estimates at the reporting date.

b. Income taxes

The company's two major tax jurisdictions are India and the U.S., though the company also files tax returns in other overseas jurisdictions. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions. Also refer to Note 2.16.

c. Business combinations and intangible assets

Business combinations are accounted for using IFRS 3 (Revised), Business Combinations. IFRS 3 requires the identifiable intangible assets and contingent consideration to be fair valued in order to ascertain the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. Significant estimates are required to be made in determining the value of contingent consideration and intangible assets. These valuations are conducted by independent valuation experts.

1.7 Revenue recognition

The company derives revenues primarily from software related services and from the licensing of software products. Arrangements with customers for software related services are either on a fixed-price, fixed-timeframe or on a time-and-material basis.

Revenue on time-and-material contracts are recognized as the related services are performed and revenue from the end of the last billing to the balance sheet date is recognized as unbilled revenues. Revenue from fixed-price, fixed-timeframe contracts, where there is no uncertainty as to measurement or collectability of consideration, is recognized as per the percentage-of-completion method. When there is uncertainty as to measurement or ultimate collectability revenue recognition is postponed until such uncertainty is resolved. Efforts or costs expended have been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity. Provisions for estimated losses, if any, on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates. Costs and earnings in excess of billings are classified as unbilled revenue while billings in excess of costs and earnings are classified as unearned revenue. Maintenance revenue is recognised ratably over the term of the underlying maintenance arrangement.

In arrangements for software development and related services and maintenance services, the company has applied the guidance in IAS 18, Revenue, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each separately identifiable component of a single transaction. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering software development and related services as separately identifiable components. For allocating the consideration, the company has measured the revenue in respect of each separable component of a transaction at its fair value, in accordance with principles given in IAS 18. The price that is regularly charged for an item when sold separately is the best evidence of its fair value. In cases where the company is unable to establish objective and reliable evidence of fair value for the software development and related services, the company has used a residual method to allocate the arrangement consideration. In these cases the balance of the consideration, after allocating the fair values of undelivered components of a transaction has been allocated to the delivered components for which specific fair values do not exist.

License fee revenues are recognized when the general revenue recognition criteria given in IAS 18 are met. Arrangements to deliver software products generally have three elements: license, implementation and Annual Technical Services (ATS). The company has applied the principles given in IAS 18 to account for revenues from these multiple element arrangements. Objective and reliable evidence of fair value has been established for ATS. Objective and reliable evidence of fair value is the price charged when the element is sold separately. When other services are provided in conjunction with the licensing arrangement and objective and reliable evidence of their fair values have been established, the revenue from such contracts are allocated to each component of the contract in a manner, whereby revenue is deferred for the undelivered services and the residual amounts are recognized as revenue for delivered elements. In the absence of objective and reliable evidence of fair value for implementation, the entire arrangement fee for license and implementation is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method as the implementation is performed. Revenue from client training, support and other services arising due to the sale of software products is recognized as the services are performed. ATS revenue is recognised rateably over the period in which the services are rendered.

Advances received for services and products are reported as client deposits until all conditions for revenue recognition are met.

The company accounts for volume discounts and pricing incentives to customers as a reduction of revenue based on the rateable allocation of the discounts/ incentives amount to each of the underlying revenue transaction that results in progress by the customer towards earning the discount / incentive. Also, when the level of discount varies with increases in levels of revenue transactions, the company recognizes the liability based on its estimate of the customer's future purchases. If it is probable that the criteria for the discount will not be met, or if the amount thereof cannot be estimated reliably, then discount is not recognized until the payment is probable and the amount can be estimated reliably. The company recognizes changes in the estimated amount of obligations for discounts in the period in which the change occurs. The discounts are passed on to the customer either as direct payments or as a reduction of payments due from the customer.

The company presents revenues net of value-added taxes in its statement of comprehensive income.

1.8 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairments, if any. Costs directly attributable to acquisition are capitalized until the property, plant and equipment are ready for use, as intended by management. The company depreciates property, plant and equipment over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of assets for current and comparative periods are as follows:

Buildings	15 years
Plant and machinery	5 years
Computer equipment	2-5 years
Furniture and fixtures	5 years
Vehicles	5 years

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date.

Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under ‘Capital work-in-progress’. Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income when incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statements upon sale or retirement of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. Assets to be disposed off are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less cost to sell.

1.9 Business combinations

Business combinations have been accounted for using the acquisition method under the provisions of IFRS 3 (Revised), Business Combinations.

The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the assets transferred, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of acquisition, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value on the date of acquisition.

Transaction costs that the Group incurs in connection with a business combination such as finders’ fees, legal fees, due diligence fees, and other professional and consulting fees are expensed as incurred.

1.10 Goodwill

Goodwill represents the cost of business acquisition in excess of the Group's interest in the net fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree. When the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired exceeds the cost of business acquisition, a gain is recognized immediately in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

1.11 Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry, and known technological advances), and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Software product development costs are expensed as incurred unless technical and commercial feasibility of the project is demonstrated, future economic benefits are probable, the company has an intention and ability to complete and use or sell the software and the costs can be measured reliably. The costs which can be capitalized include the cost of material, direct labour, overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use. Research and development costs and software development costs incurred under contractual arrangements with customers are accounted as cost of sales.

1.12 Financial instruments

Financial instruments of the Group are classified in the following categories: non-derivative financial instruments comprising of loans and receivables, available-for-sale financial assets and trade and other payables; derivative financial instruments under the category of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss; share capital and treasury shares. The classification of financial instruments depends on the purpose for which those were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

a. Non-derivative financial instruments

(i) Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the balance sheet date which are presented as non-current assets. Loans and receivables are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss or provisions for doubtful accounts. Loans and receivables are represented by trade receivables, net of allowances for impairment, unbilled revenue, cash and cash equivalents, prepayments, certificates of deposit, and other assets. Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and bank deposits and deposits with corporations. The company considers all highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash to be cash equivalents. Certificate of deposit is a negotiable money market instrument for funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. For these financial instruments, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Loans and receivables are reclassified to available-for-sale financial assets when the financial asset becomes quoted in an active market.

(ii) Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or are not classified in any of the other categories. Available-for-sale financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus transactions costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these are measured at fair value and changes therein, other than impairment losses and foreign exchange gains and losses on available-for-sale monetary items, are recognized directly in other comprehensive income. When an investment is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss in other comprehensive income is transferred to net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. These are presented as current assets unless management intends to dispose off the assets after 12 months from the balance sheet date.

(iii) Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For these financial instruments, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

b. Derivative financial instruments

Financial assets or financial liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss.

This category has two sub-categories wherein, financial assets or financial liabilities are held for trading or are designated as such upon initial recognition. A financial asset is classified as held for trading if it is acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term. Derivatives are categorized as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges.

The company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on trade receivables and forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank or a financial institution. Although the company believes that these financial instruments constitute hedges from an economic perspective, they do not qualify for hedge accounting under IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. Any derivative that is either not designated a hedge, or is so designated but is ineffective per IAS 39, is categorized as a financial asset, at fair value through profit or loss.

Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value and attributable transaction costs are recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value through profit or loss and the resulting exchange gains or losses are included in other income. Assets/ liabilities in this category are presented as current assets/current liabilities if they are either held for trading or are expected to be realized within 12 months after the balance sheet date.

c. Share capital and treasury shares

Ordinary Shares

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

Treasury Shares

When any entity within the Group purchases the company's ordinary shares, the consideration paid including any directly attributable incremental cost is presented as a deduction from total equity, until they are cancelled, sold or reissued. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase in equity, and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is transferred to/ from share premium.

1.13 Impairment

a. Financial assets

The Group assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset is considered impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more events have had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. Individually significant financial assets are tested for impairment on an individual basis. The remaining financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics.

(i) Loans and receivables

Impairment loss in respect of loans and receivables measured at amortized cost are calculated as the difference between their carrying amount, and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. Such impairment loss is recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income.

(ii) Available-for-sale financial assets

Significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost and the disappearance of an active trading market for the security are objective evidence that the security is impaired. An impairment loss in respect of an available-for-sale financial asset is calculated by reference to its fair value and is recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. The cumulative loss that was recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred to net profit in the statement of comprehensive income upon impairment.

b. Non-financial assets

(i) Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired, relying on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to the Group's cash generating units (CGU) or groups of CGUs expected to benefit from the synergies arising from the business combination. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Impairment occurs when the carrying amount of a CGU including the goodwill, exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the CGU. The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and its value-in-use. Value-in-use is the present value of future cash flows expected to be derived from the CGU.

Total impairment loss of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. An impairment loss on goodwill is recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income and is not reversed in the subsequent period.

(ii) Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs.

If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset.

c. Reversal of impairment loss

An impairment loss for financial assets is reversed if the reversal can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, an impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of an asset other than goodwill is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill and available- for-sale financial assets that are equity securities is recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. For available-for-sale financial assets that are equity securities, the reversal is recognized in other comprehensive income.

1.14 Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.

For all other financial instruments, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. The fair value of securities, which do not have an active market and where it is not practicable to determine the fair values with sufficient reliability, are carried at cost less impairment.

1.15 Provisions

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

a. Post sales client support

The company provides its clients with a fixed-period post-sales support for corrections of errors and telephone support on all its fixed-price, fixed-timeframe contracts. Costs associated with such support services are accrued at the time related revenues are recorded and included in cost of sales. The company estimates such costs based on historical experience and estimates are reviewed on a periodic basis for any material changes in assumptions and likelihood of occurrence.

b. Onerous contracts

Provisions for onerous contracts are recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Group from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established the Group recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

1.16 Foreign currency

Functional currency

The functional currency of Infosys, Infosys BPO and Infosys Consulting India is the Indian rupee. The functional currencies for Infosys Australia, Infosys China, Infosys Consulting, Infosys Mexico, Infosys Sweden, Infosys Brasil, Infosys Public Services, Infosys Shanghai, Infosys Lodestone and Infosys Americas are the respective local currencies. These financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars (rounded off to the nearest million).

Transactions and translations

Foreign-currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the relevant functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash-flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

The translation of financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries to the functional currency of the company is performed for assets and liabilities using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue, expense and cash-flow items using the average exchange rate for the respective periods. The gains or losses resulting from such translation are included in currency translation reserves under other components of equity. When a subsidiary is disposed off, in full, the relevant amount is transferred to net profit in the statement of comprehensive income. However when a change in the parent's ownership does not result in loss of control of a subsidiary, such changes are recorded through equity.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date.

1.17 Earnings per equity share

Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit attributable to the equity holders of the company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

1.18 Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax expense is recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in other comprehensive income. Current income tax for current and prior periods is recognized at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the tax authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment or the substantive enactment date. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized. Deferred income taxes are not provided on the undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and branches where it is expected that the earnings of the subsidiary or branch will not be distributed in the foreseeable future. The income tax provision for the interim period is made based on the best estimate of the annual average tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year The company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Tax benefits of deductions earned on exercise of employee share options in excess of compensation charged to income are credited to share premium.

1.19 Employee benefits

1.19.1 Gratuity

Infosys provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan (the Gratuity Plan) covering eligible employees. The Gratuity Plan provides a lump-sum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, incapacitation or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee's salary and the tenure of employment.

Liabilities with regard to the Gratuity Plan are determined by actuarial valuation, performed by an independent actuary, at each balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method. The company fully contributes all ascertained liabilities to the Infosys Limited Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust (the Trust). In case of Infosys BPO, contributions are made to the Infosys BPO's Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust. Trustees administer contributions made to the Trusts and contributions are invested in a scheme with Life Insurance Corporation as permitted by law.

The group has adopted Revised IAS 19 effective April 1, 2013. Pursuant to this adoption, the Group recognizes the net obligation of a defined benefit plan in its balance sheet as an asset or liability. The amended standard requires immediate recognition of the gains and losses through re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) through other comprehensive income. Further it also requires the interest expense (income) on plan assets to be considered in the profit and loss to be restricted to the discount rate based on the Government securities yield. The actual return of the portfolio, in excess of such yields is recognised through the other comprehensive income. The Revised IAS 19 also requires effect of any plan amendments to be recognised immediately through the net profit, in the statement of comprehensive income.

Previously, the actuarial gains and losses were charged or credited to net profit in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they arose and the expected return on plan assets computed based on market expectations were considered as part of the net gratuity cost.

The adoption of Revised IAS 19 Employee Benefits did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

1.19.2 Superannuation

Certain employees of Infosys are also participants in a defined contribution plan. The company has no further obligations to the Plan beyond its monthly contributions. Certain employees of Infosys BPO are also eligible for superannuation benefit. Infosys BPO has no further obligations to the superannuation plan beyond its monthly contribution which are periodically contributed to a trust fund, the corpus of which is invested with the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

1.19.3 Provident fund

Eligible employees of Infosys receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined benefit plan. Both the employee and the company make monthly contributions to the provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary. The company contributes a part of the contributions to the Infosys Limited Employees' Provident Fund Trust. The trust invests in specific designated instruments as permitted by Indian law. The remaining portion is contributed to the government administered pension fund. The rate at which the annual interest is payable to the beneficiaries by the trust is being administered by the government. The company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investments of the Trust and the notified interest rate.

In respect of Infosys BPO, eligible employees receive benefits from a provident fund, which is a defined contribution plan. Both the employee and Infosys BPO make monthly contributions to this provident fund plan equal to a specified percentage of the covered employee's salary. Amounts collected under the provident fund plan are deposited in a government administered provident fund. The company has no further obligation to the plan beyond its monthly contributions.

1.19.4 Compensated absences

The Group has a policy on compensated absences which are both accumulating and non-accumulating in nature. The expected cost of accumulating compensated absences is determined by actuarial valuation on the additional amount expected to be paid/availed as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the balance sheet date. Expense on non-accumulating compensated absences is recognized in the period in which the absences occur.

1.20 Share-based compensation

The Group recognizes compensation expense relating to share-based payments in net profit using a fair-value measurement method in accordance with IFRS 2, Share-Based Payment. Under the fair value method, the estimated fair value of awards is charged to income on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was in-substance, multiple awards. The Group includes a forfeiture estimate in the amount of compensation expense being recognized.

The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model. The expected term of an option is estimated based on the vesting term and contractual term of the option, as well as expected exercise behaviour of the employee who receives the option. Expected volatility during the expected term of the option is based on historical volatility, during a period equivalent to the expected term of the option, of the observed market prices of the company's publicly traded equity shares. Expected dividends during the expected term of the option are based on recent dividend activity. Risk-free interest rates are based on the government securities yield in effect at the time of the grant over the expected term.

1.21 Dividends

Final dividends on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the company's Board of Directors.

1.22 Operating profit

Operating profit for the Group is computed considering the revenues, net of cost of sales, selling and marketing expenses and administrative expenses.

1.23 Other income

Other income is comprised primarily of interest income, dividend income and exchange gain/loss on forward and options contracts and on translation of other assets and liabilities. Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established.

1.24 Leases

Leases under which the company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. When acquired, such assets are capitalized at fair value or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as an expense on a straight line basis in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income over the lease term.

1.25 Government grants

The Group recognizes government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them shall be complied with, and the grants will be received. Government grants related to assets are treated as deferred income and are recognized in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income on a systematic and rational basis over the useful life of the asset. Government grants related to revenue are recognized on a systematic basis in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate.

1.26 Recent accounting pronouncements

1.26.1 Standards issued but not yet effective

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments: In November 2009, the International Accounting Standards Board issued IFRS 9, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, to reduce the complexity of the current rules on financial instruments as mandated in IAS 39. The effective date for IFRS 9 is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 with early adoption permitted. IFRS 9 has fewer classification and measurement categories as compared to IAS 39 and has eliminated the categories of held to maturity, available for sale and loans and receivables. Further it eliminates the rule-based requirement of segregating embedded derivatives and tainting rules pertaining to held to maturity investments. For an investment in an equity instrument which is not held for trading, IFRS 9 permits an irrevocable election, on initial recognition, on an individual share-by-share basis, to present all fair value changes from the investment in other comprehensive income. No amount recognized in other comprehensive income would ever be reclassified to profit or loss. IFRS 9 was further amended in October 2010, and such amendment introduced requirements on accounting for financial liabilities. This amendment addresses the issue of volatility in the profit or loss due to changes in the fair value of an entity’s own debt. It requires the entity, which chooses to measure a liability at fair value, to present the portion of the fair value change attributable to the entity’s own credit risk in the other comprehensive income. The company is required to adopt IFRS 9 by accounting year commencing April 1, 2015. The company is currently evaluating the requirements of IFRS 9, and has not yet determined the impact on the consolidated interim financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities:

In December 2011, the International Accounting Standards Board issued amendments to IAS 32, Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendments clarify that:

an entity currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off if that right is-

not contingent on future event; and

enforceable both in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all counterparties;

gross settlement is equivalent to net settlement if and only if the gross settlement mechanism has features that:

eliminate or result in insignificant credit and liquidity risk; and

Process receivables and payables in a single settlement process or cycle.

The company is required to adopt amendments to IAS 32 by accounting year commencing April 1, 2014. The company is currently evaluating the requirements of IAS 32 amendments and has not yet determined the impact on the consolidated interim financial statements.

2 Notes to the consolidated interim financial statements

2.1 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Cash and bank deposits	$3,025	$3,449
Deposits with corporations	576	572
	$3,601	$4,021

Cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013 include restricted cash and bank balances of $50 million and $56 million, respectively. The restrictions are primarily on account of cash and bank balances held by irrevocable trusts controlled by the company, bank balances held as margin money deposits against guarantees and balances held in unclaimed dividend bank accounts.

The deposits maintained by the Group with banks and corporations comprise of time deposits, which can be withdrawn by the Group at any point without prior notice or penalty on the principal.

The table below provides details of cash and cash equivalents:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
In current accounts
ANZ Bank, Taiwan	–	$1
Bank of America, USA	37	167
Bank of America, Mexico	2	1
Bank of Zachodni WBK S.A.	1	1
Barclays Bank, UK	4	2
Citibank N.A., Australia	24	32
Citibank N.A., Brazil	2	3
Citibank N.A., China	12	9
Citibank N.A., Dubai	–	1
Citibank N.A., Japan	4	3
Citibank N.A., India	1	3
Citibank N.A., New Zealand	–	1
Citibank N.A., South Africa	1	–
Citibank EEFC, India (U.S. dollar account)	2	21
Commerzbank, Germany	7	2
Deutsche Bank, Belgium	1	2
Deutsche Bank, Czech Republic	–	1
Deutsche Bank, Czech Republic (Euro account)	–	1
Deutsche Bank, France	–	1
Deutsche Bank, Germany	3	3
Deutsche Bank, India	1	2
Deutsche Bank, Netherlands	1	2
Deutsche Bank, Philippines	–	–
Deutsche Bank, Philippines (U.S. dollar account)	1	1
Deutsche Bank, Poland	1	2
Deutsche Bank, Poland (Euro Account)	3	–
Deutsche Bank, United Kingdom	26	13
Deutsche Bank-EEFC, India (Euro account)	3	4
Deutsche Bank-EEFC, India (U.S. dollar account)	74	12
HSBC Bank, Brazil	1	–
ICICI Bank, India	17	9
ICICI Bank-EEFC, India (U.S. dollar account)	2	2
ICICI Bank-EEFC, India (UK Pound Sterling)	–	1
Nordbanken, Sweden	2	–
Royal Bank of Canada, Canada	5	3
Royal Bank of Scotland, China	6	9
Royal Bank of Scotland, China (U.S. dollar account)	5	1
Punjab National Bank, India	–	1
UBS AG, Switzerland	3	–
Westpac, Australia	1	–
	$253	$317
Deposit accounts
Andhra Bank, India	$112	$130
Allahabad Bank, India	57	51
ANZ Bank, Taiwan	–	1
Axis Bank, India	134	195
Bank of America, USA	–	3
Bank of Baroda, India	185	354
Bank of India, India	267	348
Canara Bank, China	419	403
Central Bank of India, India	209	232
Citibank N.A., China	2	14
Corporation Bank, India	124	143
Deutsche Bank, Poland	14	10
Federal Bank, India	4	5
ICICI Bank, India	464	478
IDBI Bank, India	230	183
Indusind Bank, India	4	–
ING Vysya Bank, India	16	16
Indian Overseas Bank, India	95	81
Jammu and Kashmir Bank, India	4	5
Kotak Mahindra Bank, India	45	52
National Australia Bank Limited, Australia	12	1
Oriental Bank of Commerce, India	111	152
Punjab National Bank, India	13	–
Ratnakar Bank, India	1	1
State Bank of Hyderabad, India	112	129
State Bank of India, India	9	11
Standard Chartered Bank, India	17	–
South Indian Bank, India	6	12
Union Bank of India, India	13	15
Vijaya Bank, India	61	70
Yes Bank, India	32	37
	$2,772	$3,132
Deposits with corporation
HDFC Limited, India	$576	$572
	$576	$572
Total	$3,601	$4,021

2.2 Available-for-sale financial assets

Investments in liquid mutual fund units, fixed maturity plan securities, quoted debt securities and unquoted equity securities are classified as available-for-sale financial assets.

Cost and fair value of investment in liquid mutual fund units, fixed maturity plan securities, quoted debt securities and unquoted equity securities are as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Current
Liquid mutual fund units:
Cost and fair value	$443	$320
Fixed Maturity Plan Securities
Cost	$5	–
Gross unrealised holding gains	–	–
Fair value	$5	–
Quoted debt securities:
Cost	–	–
Gross unrealised holding gains	–	–
Fair value	–	–
	$448	$320
Non-Current
Quoted debt securities:
Cost	$167	$69
Gross unrealised holding gains/ (losses)	(3)	2
Fair value	$164	$71
Unquoted equity securities:
Cost	–	–
Gross unrealised holding gains	1	1
Fair value	$1	$1
	$165	$72
Total available-for-sale financial assets	$613	$392

Fixed maturity plan securities:

During the three months ended September 30, 2013, the company invested in fixed maturity plan securities. The fair value as of September 30, 2013 is $5 million. The unrealized gain of less than $1 million, net of taxes of less than $1 million has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of $5 million has been derived based on the quoted prices as of September 30, 2013.

Quoted debt securities:

The company has invested in current and non-current quoted debt securities. The fair value of the non-current quoted debt securities as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013 is $164 million and $71 million, respectively. The net unrealized loss of $4 million, net of taxes of $1 million each, has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of $164 million has been derived based on the quoted prices as of September 30, 2013.

The fair value of the current quoted debt securities as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013 is less than $1 million each. The net unrealized loss of less than $1 million, net of taxes of less than $1 million has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013. The fair value of less than $1 million has been derived based on the quoted prices as of September 30, 2013.

Unquoted equity securities:

During fiscal 2010, Infosys sold 3,231,151 shares of OnMobile Systems Inc, U.S.A, at a price of $3.64 per share (166.58 per share), derived from quoted prices of the underlying marketable equity securities.

As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the remaining 2,154,100 shares were fair valued at $1 million. The fair value of $1 million each has been derived based on an agreed upon exchange ratio between these unquoted equity securities and quoted prices of the underlying marketable equity securities as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively. The unrealized loss of less than $1 million, net of taxes of less than $1 million each has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013, respectively.

Unrealized gain of $1 million, net of taxes of less than $1 million has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2012. For the six months ended September 30, 2012 no unrealized gain/loss has been recognized.

2.3 Business combinations

During fiscal 2010, Infosys BPO acquired 100% of the voting interests in Infosys McCamish Systems LLC (formerly known as McCamish Systems LLC) (McCamish), a business process solutions provider based in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. The business acquisition was conducted by entering into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement for a cash consideration of $37 million and a contingent consideration of up to $20 million. The fair values of the contingent consideration and its undiscounted value on the date of acquisition were $9 million and $15 million, respectively.

The payment of contingent consideration is dependent upon the achievement of certain revenue targets and net margin targets by McCamish over a period of 4 years ending March 31, 2014. Further, contingent to McCamish signing any deal with a customer with total revenues of $100 million or more, the aforesaid period will be extended by 2 years. The total contingent consideration was estimated to be in the range between $14 million and $20 million.

The fair value of the contingent consideration is determined by discounting the estimated amount payable to the previous owners of McCamish on achievement of certain financial targets. The key inputs used for the determination of fair value of contingent consideration are the discount rate of 13.9% and the probabilities of achievement of the net margin and the revenue targets ranging from 50% to 100%.

During the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013, the liability related to the contingent consideration increased by less than $1 million each, due to passage of time.

During the year ended March 31, 2013, McCamish entered into an asset purchase agreement with Seabury & Smith Inc., a company providing back office services to life insurers, to purchase its BPO division for a cash consideration of $1 million and a deferred consideration of $1 million. Consequent to the transaction, intangible assets of $1 million and goodwill of $1 million have been recorded. The intangible customer contracts and relationships and software are being amortized over a period of five years and four months, respectively, being management‘s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized. During the three months ended September 30, 2013, based on an assessment made by the management, deferred consideration of $1 million has been reversed in the statement of comprehensive income, as the same is no longer payable.

During the year ended March 31, 2013, pursuant to McCamish entering into the asset purchase agreement with Seabury & Smith Inc., the company conducted an assessment of the probability of McCamish achieving the required revenue and net margin targets pertaining to contingent consideration. The assessment was based on the actual and projected revenues and net margins pertaining to McCamish post consummation of the asset purchase transaction. Consequently, the fair value of the contingent consideration and its related undiscounted value was determined at $3 million and $4 million, respectively and the related liability no longer required was reversed in the statement of comprehensive income. The contingent consideration is estimated to be in the range between $4 million and $6 million.

As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the liability related to contingent consideration was $3 million each.

On January 4, 2012 Infosys BPO acquired 100% of the voting interest in Portland Group Pty Ltd a strategic sourcing and category management services provider based in Australia. The business acquisition was conducted by entering into a share sale agreement for a cash consideration of $41 million.

On October 22, 2012, Infosys acquired 100% of the voting interests in Lodestone Holding AG (Infosys Lodestone), a global management consultancy firm headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. The business acquisition was conducted by entering into a share purchase agreement for a cash consideration of $219 million and an additional consideration of up to $112 million, which the company refers to as deferred purchase price, estimated on the date of acquisition, payable to the selling shareholders of Lodestone Holding AG who are continuously employed or otherwise engaged by the Group during the three year period following the date of the acquisition.

The business acquisition will strengthen Infosys’ consulting and systems integration (C&SI) capabilities and will enable Infosys to increase its global presence particularly in continental Europe, Latin America and Asia Pacific. Consequently, the excess of the purchase consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired has been attributed to goodwill.

The purchase price has been allocated based on Management’s estimates and an independent appraisal of fair values as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

Component	Acquiree's carrying amount	Fair value adjustments	Purchase price allocated
Property, plant and equipment	$5	–	$5
Net current assets	16	–	16
Deferred tax assets	5	(2)	3
Borrowings	(16)	–	(16)
Intangible assets - customer contracts and relationships	–	36	36
Intangible assets – brand	–	5	5
Deferred tax liabilities on Intangible assets	–	(10)	(10)
	10	29	39
Goodwill			180
Total purchase price			$219

The goodwill is not tax deductible.

The amount of trade receivables acquired from the above business acquisition was $39 million. Subsequently the trade receivables have been fully collected.

The identified intangible customer contracts are being amortized over a period of two years and the identified customer relationships are being amortized over a period of ten years, whereas the identified intangible brand is being amortized over a period of two years, which are management's estimates of the useful lives of the assets.

The acquisition date fair value of each major class of consideration as at the acquisition date is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

Particulars	Consideration settled
Fair value of total consideration
Cash consideration	$219
Total	$219

As per the share purchase agreement approximately $112 million of deferred purchase price, is payable to the selling shareholders of Lodestone Holding AG who will be continuously employed or otherwise engaged by the Group during the three year period from the date of acquisition. The deferred purchase price is payable on the third anniversary of the acquisition date subject to selling shareholders being in continuous employment with the group during this three year period. The deferred purchase price is treated as post acquisition employee remuneration expense as per IFRS 3R. For the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013, a post-acquisition employee remuneration expense of $7 million and $14 million, respectively, has been recorded in cost of sales in the statement of comprehensive income. As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the liability towards deferred purchase price amounted to $25 million and $10 million, respectively.

The transaction costs of $2 million related to the acquisition have been included under administrative expense in the statement of comprehensive income for the year ended March 31, 2013.

2.4 Prepayments and other assets

Prepayments and other assets consist of the following:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Current
Rental deposits	$2	$4
Security deposits with service providers	6	6
Loans and advances to employees	35	26
Prepaid expenses ⁽¹⁾	29	14
Interest accrued and not due	12	18
Withholding taxes ⁽¹⁾	151	147
Deposit with corporation	123	140
Advance payments to vendors for supply of goods ⁽¹⁾	5	11
Premiums held in trust ⁽²⁾	22	22
Other assets	4	3
	$389	$391
Non-current
Loans to employees	$4	$15
Security deposits with service providers	5	6
Deposit with corporation	6	7
Prepaid gratuity and other benefits ⁽¹⁾	5	6
Prepaid expenses ⁽¹⁾	1	2
Rental Deposits	9	8
	$30	$44
	$419	$435
Financial assets in prepayments and other assets	$228	$255

⁽¹⁾Nonfinancial assets

⁽²⁾Represents premiums collected from policyholders and payable to insurance providers by a service provider maintaining the amounts in fiduciary capacity (Refer to note 2.9)

Withholding taxes primarily consist of input tax credits. Other assets primarily represent travel advances and other recoverable from customers. Security deposits with service providers relate principally to leased telephone lines and electricity supplies.

Deposit with corporation represents amounts deposited to settle certain employee-related obligations as and when they arise during the normal course of business.

2.5 Property, plant and equipment

Following are the changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	Land	Buildings	Plant and machinery	Computer equipment	Furniture and fixtures	Vehicles	Capital work-in-progress	Total
Gross carrying value as of July 1, 2013	$144	$717	$218	$336	$141	$5	$326	$1,887
Additions	15	20	8	37	10	1	11	102
Deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	(8)	(37)	(10)	(16)	(5)	(1)	(15)	(92)
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2013	151	700	216	357	146	5	322	1,897
Accumulated depreciation as of July 1, 2013	–	(264)	(150)	(244)	(102)	(3)	–	(763)
Depreciation	–	(12)	(9)	(26)	(4)	–	–	(51)
Accumulated depreciation on deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	–	14	9	11	3	–	–	37
Accumulated depreciation as of September 30, 2013	–	(262)	(150)	(259)	(103)	(3)	–	(777)
Carrying value as of July 1, 2013	144	453	68	92	39	2	326	1,124
Carrying value as of September 30, 2013	$151	$438	$66	$98	$43	$2	$322	$1,120

Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended September 30, 2013 was less than $1 million.

Following are the changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Land	Buildings	Plant and machinery	Computer equipment	Furniture and fixtures	Vehicles	Capital work-in-progress	Total
Gross carrying value as of July 1, 2012	$129	$722	$240	$279	$147	$2	$188	$1,707
Additions	4	11	7	27	5	–	28	82
Deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	8	39	12	14	5	–	12	90
Gross Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	141	772	259	320	157	2	228	1,879
Accumulated depreciation as of July 1, 2012	–	(232)	(153)	(213)	(99)	(1)	–	(698)
Depreciation	–	(12)	(12)	(18)	(7)	–	–	(49)
Accumulated depreciation on deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	–	(13)	(7)	(10)	(5)	–	–	(35)
Accumulated depreciation as of September 30, 2012	–	(257)	(172)	(241)	(111)	(1)	–	(782)
Carrying value as of July 1, 2012	129	490	87	66	48	1	188	1,009
Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	$141	$515	$87	$79	$46	$1	$228	$1,097

Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended September 30, 2012 was less than $1 million.

Following are the changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the six months ended September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	Land	Buildings	Plant and machinery	Computer equipment	Furniture and fixtures	Vehicles	Capital work-in-progress	Total
Gross carrying value as of April 1, 2013	$157	$773	$231	$347	$147	$5	$306	$1,966
Additions	16	30	15	54	14	1	60	190
Deletions	–	–	–	(2)	–	–	–	(2)
Translation difference	(22)	(103)	(30)	(42)	(15)	(1)	(44)	(257)
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2013	151	700	216	357	146	5	322	1,897
Accumulated depreciation as of April 1, 2013	–	(275)	(154)	(240)	(103)	(3)	–	(775)
Depreciation	–	(24)	(18)	(51)	(11)	–	–	(104)
Accumulated depreciation on deletions	–	–	–	2	–	–	–	2
Translation difference	–	37	22	30	11	–	–	100
Accumulated depreciation as of September 30, 2013	–	(262)	(150)	(259)	(103)	(3)	–	(777)
Carrying value as of April 1, 2013	157	498	77	107	44	2	306	1,191
Carrying value as of September 30, 2013	$151	$438	$66	$98	$43	$2	$322	$1,120

Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment during the six months ended September 30, 2013 was less than $1 million.

Following are the changes in the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for the six months ended September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Land	Buildings	Plant and machinery	Computer equipment	Furniture and fixtures	Vehicles	Capital work-in-progress	Total
Gross carrying value as of April 1, 2012	$140	$760	$246	$273	$151	$2	$203	$1,775
Additions	6	39	20	55	12	–	31	163
Deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	(5)	(27)	(7)	(8)	(6)	–	(6)	(59)
Gross Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	141	772	259	320	157	2	228	1,879
Accumulated depreciation as of April 1, 2012	–	(241)	(156)	(214)	(100)	(1)	–	(712)
Depreciation	–	(24)	(22)	(33)	(15)	–	–	(94)
Accumulated depreciation on deletions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation difference	–	8	6	6	4	–	–	24
Accumulated depreciation as of September 30, 2012	–	(257)	(172)	(241)	(111)	(1)	–	(782)
Carrying value as of April 1, 2012	140	519	90	59	51	1	203	1,063
Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	$141	$515	$87	$79	$46	$1	$228	$1,097

Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment during the six months ended September 30, 2012 was less than $1 million.

The depreciation expense for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Carrying value of land includes $57 million and $66 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, towards deposits paid under certain lease-cum-sale agreements to acquire land, including agreements where the company has an option to purchase the properties on expiry of the lease period. The company has already paid 99% of the market value of the properties prevailing at the time of entering into the lease-cum-sale agreements with the balance payable at the time of purchase.

The contractual commitments for capital expenditure were $257 million and $312 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively.

2.6 Goodwill and intangible assets

Following is a summary of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Carrying value at the beginning	$364	$195
Goodwill recognized on Lodestone acquisition (Refer note 2.3)	–	180
Goodwill recognized on Seabury & Smith acquisition (Refer note 2.3)	–	1
Translation differences	(12)	(12)
Carrying value at the end	$352	$364

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to the cash generate units (CGU) or groups of CGU’s, which benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. The chief operating decision maker reviews the goodwill for any impairment at the operating segment level, which is represented through groups of CGU’s:

(Dollars in millions)

Segment	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Financial services and insurance (FSI)	$100	$106
Manufacturing (MFG)	80	79
Energy, utilities, communication and services (ECS)	47	49
Retail, consumer packaged goods, logistics and life sciences (RCL)	125	130
Total	$352	$364

The entire goodwill relating to Infosys BPO’s acquisition of McCamish has been allocated to the groups of CGUs which are aggregated at the ‘Financial services and insurance’ segment level.

The goodwill relating to Lodestone acquisition has been allocated to the groups of CGUs which are aggregated at the entity’s operating segment level.

The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of its fair value less cost to sell and its value-in-use. The fair value of a CGU is determined based on the market capitalization. The value-in-use is determined based on specific calculations. These calculations use pre-tax cash flow projections over a period of five years, based on financial budgets approved by management and an average of the range of each assumption mentioned below. As of March 31, 2013, the estimated recoverable amount of the CGU exceeded its carrying amount. The recoverable amount was computed based on the fair value being higher than value-in-use and the carrying amount of the CGU was computed by allocating the net assets to operating segments for the purpose of impairment testing. The key assumptions used for the calculations are as follows:

	In %
Long term growth rate	8-10
Operating margins	17-20
Discount rate	16.1

The above discount rate is based on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the company. These estimates are likely to differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows.

Following are the changes in the carrying value of acquired intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	Customer related	Software related	Sub-contracting rights related	Intellectual property rights related	Land use rights related	Brand	Others	Total
Gross carrying value as of July 1, 2013	$61	$6	$3	$2	$11	$5	$2	$90
Additions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation differences	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2013	62	6	3	2	11	5	2	91
Accumulated amortization as of July 1, 2013	(15)	(5)	(2)	(2)	–	(2)	–	(26)
Amortization expense	(1)	–	(1)	–	–	–	(1)	(3)
Translation differences	(1)	–	1	–	–	–	–	–
Accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2013	(17)	(5)	(2)	(2)	–	(2)	(1)	(29)
Carrying value as of July 1, 2013	46	1	1	–	11	3	2	64
Carrying value as of September 30, 2013	$45	$ 1	$1	–	$11	$3	$1	$62

Following are the changes in the carrying value of acquired intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Customer related	Software related	Sub-contracting rights related	Intellectual property rights related	Land use rights related	Total
Gross carrying value as of July 1, 2012	$26	$6	$4	$2	$11	$49
Additions through Business Combinations (Refer to note 2.3)	1	–	–	–	–	1
Additions	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation differences	3	–	–	–	–	3
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2012	30	6	4	2	11	53
Accumulated amortization as of July 1, 2012	(11)	(3)	(1)	(2)	–	(17)
Amortization expense	–	–	(1)	–	–	(1)
Translation differences	(1)	–	–	–	–	(1)
Accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2012	(12)	(3)	(2)	(2)	–	(19)
Carrying value as of July 1, 2012	15	3	3	–	11	32
Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	$18	$3	$2	–	$11	$34

Following are the changes in the carrying value of acquired intangible assets for the six months ended September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	Customer related	Software related	Sub-contracting rights related	Intellectual property rights related	Land use rights related	Brand	Others	Total
Gross carrying value as of April 1, 2013	$62	$6	$4	$2	$11	$5	$2	$92
Additions	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation differences	–	–	(1)	–	–	–	–	(1)
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2013	62	6	3	2	11	5	2	91
Accumulated amortization as of April 1, 2013	(14)	(5)	(2)	(2)	–	(1)	–	(24)
Amortization expense	(3)	–	(1)	–	–	(1)	(1)	(6)
Translation differences	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	1
Accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2013	(17)	(5)	(2)	(2)	–	(2)	(1)	(29)
Carrying value as of April 1, 2013	48	1	2	–	11	4	2	68
Carrying value as of September 30, 2013	$45	$1	$1	–	$11	$3	$1	$62

Following are the changes in the carrying value of acquired intangible assets for the six months ended September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Customer related	Software related	Sub-contracting rights related	Intellectual property rights related	Land use rights related	Total
Gross carrying value as of April 1, 2012	$28	$6	$4	$2	$11	$51
Additions through business combinations	1	–	–	–	–	1
Additions	–	–	–	–	–	–
Translation differences	1	–	–	–	–	1
Gross carrying value as of September 30, 2012	30		64	2	11	53
Accumulated amortization as of April 1, 2012	(11)	(3)	(1)	(2)	–	(17)
Amortization expense	(1)	–	(1)	–	–	(2)
Translation differences	–	–	–	–	–	–
Accumulated amortization as of September 30, 2012	(12)	(3)	(2)	(2)	–	(19)
Carrying value as of April 1, 2012	17	3	3	–	11	34
Carrying value as of September 30, 2012	$18	$3	$2	–	$11	$34

The subcontracting rights, recognized consequent to the subcontracting agreement with Telecom’s Gen-I division, are being amortized over a period of three years, being the management‘s estimate of its useful life. The value of subcontracting rights on initial recognition was $4 million. As of September 30, 2013, the subcontracting rights have a remaining amortization period of approximately one year.

The land use rights acquired by Infosys Shanghai are being amortized over the initial term of 50 years. Further, the government grant received for the land use rights is also being amortized over the initial term of 50 years. The value of land use rights on initial recognition was $11 million. As of September 30, 2013, the land use rights have a remaining amortization period of approximately 48 years.

The intangible asset on account of software purchase recognized by Infosys is amortized over a period of five years, being the management’s estimate of useful life of such intangible assets. The value of the software on initial recognition was $3 million. As of September 30, 2013, this intangible asset has a remaining amortization period of approximately three years.

The intangible customer contracts recognized at the time of Philips BPO operations are being amortized over a period of seven years, being management's estimate of the useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized. However, during fiscal 2010, the amortization of this intangible asset has been accelerated based on the usage pattern of the asset. As of September 30, 2013, the customer contracts have a remaining amortization period of approximately one year.

The intangible customer contracts and relationships recognized at the time of the McCamish acquisition are being amortized over a period of nine years, being management’s estimate of the useful life of the respective assets, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized. As of September 30, 2013, the customer contracts and relationships have a remaining amortization period of approximately five years.

The intangible computer software platform recognized at the time of the McCamish acquisition having a useful life of four months, being management’s estimate of the useful life of the asset, based on the life over which economic benefits were expected to be realized, was fully amortized in fiscal 2010.

The intangible customer contracts and relationships of $8 million, recognized at the time of the Portland acquisition are being amortized over a period of ten years, being management‘s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized. As of September 30, 2013, the customer contracts and relationships have a remaining amortization period of approximately eight years.

The intangible customer contracts and relationships of $1 million, recognized pursuant to McCamish entering into the asset purchase agreement with Seabury & Smith Inc., are being amortized over a period of five years, which is the management’s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized. As of September 30, 2013, the customer contracts and relationships have a remaining amortization period of approximately four years.

The intangible customer contracts recognized at the time of the Infosys Lodestone acquisition are being amortized over a period of two years, the identified customer relationships are being amortized over a period of ten years and the identified intangible brand is being amortized over a period of two years, which are management's estimates of the useful lives of the assets. As of September 30, 2013, the customer contracts and brand have a remaining amortization period of approximately one year each and the customer relationships have a remaining amortization period of approximately nine years.

The aggregate amortization expense included in cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $3 million and $1 million, respectively, and for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $6 million and $2 million, respectively.

Research and development expense recognized in net profit in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $42 million and $46 million, respectively, and for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $86 million and $84 million, respectively.

2.7 Financial instruments

Financial instruments by category

The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments by categories as of September 30, 2013 were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Loans and receivables	Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit and loss	Available for sale	Trade and other payables	Total carrying value/fair value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Refer Note 2.1)	$3,601	–	–	–	$3,601
Available-for-sale financial assets (Refer Note 2.2)	–	–	613	–	613
Investment in certificates of deposit	84	–	–	–	84
Trade receivables	1,333	–	–	–	1,333
Unbilled revenue	503	–	–	–	503
Prepayments and other assets (Refer Note 2.4)	228	–	–	–	228
Total	$5,749	–	$613	–	$6,362
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	–	$72	–	–	$72
Trade payables	–	–	–	16	16
Client deposits	–	–	–	3	3
Employee benefit obligations	–	–	–	142	142
Other liabilities (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	566	566
Liability towards McCamish acquisition on a discounted basis (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	3	3
Liability towards other acquisitions (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	25	25
Total	–	$72	–	$755	$827

The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments by categories as of March 31, 2013 were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Loans and receivables	Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit and loss	Available for sale	Trade and other payables	Total carrying value/fair value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Refer Note 2.1)	$4,021	–	–	–	$4,021
Available-for-sale financial assets (Refer Note 2.2)	–	–	392	–	392
Trade receivables	1,305	–	–	–	1,305
Unbilled revenue	449	–	–	–	449
Prepayments and other assets (Refer Note 2.4)	255	–	–	–	255
Derivative financial instruments	–	19	–	–	19
Total	$6,030	$19	$392	–	$6,441
Liabilities:
Trade payables	–	–	–	$35	$35
Client deposits	–	–	–	6	6
Employee benefit obligations	–	–	–	113	113
Other liabilities (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	444	444
Liability towards McCamish acquisition on a discounted basis (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	3	3
Liability towards other acquisitions (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	–	11	11
Total	–	–	–	$612	$612

Fair value hierarchy

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The following table presents fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of September 30, 2013	Fair value measurement at end of the reporting period using
		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Assets
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in liquid mutual fund units (Refer Note 2.2)	$443	$443	–	–
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in fixed maturity plan securities (Refer Note 2.2)	$5	$5	–	–
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in quoted debt securities (Refer Note 2.2)	$164	$164	–	–
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in unquoted equity instruments (Refer Note 2.2)	$1	–	$1	–
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments- loss on outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts	$72	–	$72	–

The following table presents fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of March 31, 2013	Fair value measurement at end of the reporting period using
		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Assets
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in liquid mutual fund units (Refer Note 2.2)	$320	$320	–	–
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in quoted debt securities (Refer Note 2.2)	$71	$71	–	–
Available- for- sale financial asset- Investments in unquoted equity instruments (Refer Note 2.2)	$1	–	$1	–
Derivative financial instruments- gain on outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts	$19	–	$19	–

Income from financial assets or liabilities that are not at fair value through profit or loss is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Interest income on deposits and certificates of deposit (Refer Note 2.13)	$83	$79	$174	$167
Income from available-for-sale financial assets (Refer Note 2.13)	10	11	18	16
	$93	$90	$192	$183

Derivative financial instruments

The company uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on trade receivables and forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank or a financial institution. These derivative financial instruments are valued based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. The following table gives details in respect of outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts:

(In millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Forward contracts
In U.S. dollars	832	851
In Euro	45	62
In United Kingdom Pound Sterling	88	65
In Australian dollars	70	70

The company recognized a loss on derivative financial instruments of $57 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and a gain of $69 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012, and a loss on derivative financial instruments of $128 million and a gain of $5 million for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, which is included under other income.

The foreign exchange forward contracts mature between 1 to 12 months. The table below analyzes the derivative financial instruments into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period as of the balance sheet date:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Not later than one month	$234	$182
Later than one month and not later than three months	460	330
Later than three months and not later than one year	416	590
	$1,110	$1,102

Financial risk management

Financial risk factors

The company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The company's primary focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The primary market risk to the company is foreign exchange risk. The company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate foreign exchange related risk exposures. The company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristic of each customer and the concentration of risk from the top few customers. The demographics of the customer including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates also has an influence on credit risk assessment.

Market risk

The company operates internationally and a major portion of the business is transacted in several currencies and consequently the company is exposed to foreign exchange risk through its sales and services in the United States and elsewhere, and purchases from overseas suppliers in various foreign currencies. The company uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on trade receivables and forecasted cash flows denominated in certain foreign currencies. The exchange rate between the rupee and foreign currencies has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. Consequently, the results of the company’s operations are adversely affected as the Indian rupee appreciates / depreciates against these currencies.

The following table gives details in respect of the outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Aggregate amount of outstanding forward contracts	$1,110	$1,102
Gains / (losses) on outstanding forward contracts	$(72)	$19

The outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, mature between one to twelve months.

The following table analyses foreign currency risk from financial instruments as of September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	U.S. dollars	Euro	United Kingdom Pound Sterling	Australian dollars	Other currencies	Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$134	$30	$61	$29	$8	$262
Trade receivables	875	141	105	84	81	1286
Unbilled revenue	285	65	32	31	46	459
Other assets	111	3	7	8	29	158
Trade payables	(2)	(1)	(3)	–	(8)	(14)
Client deposits	(2)	(1)	–	–	–	(3)
Accrued expenses	(147)	(17)	(9)	(5)	(25)	(203)
Employee benefit obligations	(58)	(11)	(6)	(21)	(15)	(111)
Other liabilities	(282)	(69)	5	(17)	(46)	(409)
Net assets / (liabilities)	$914	$140	$192	$109	$70	$1,425

The following table analyzes foreign currency risk from financial instruments as of March 31, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	U.S. dollars	Euro	United Kingdom Pound Sterling	Australian dollars	Other currencies	Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$204	$15	$16	$34	$64	$333
Trade receivables	863	152	105	77	66	1,263
Unbilled revenue	258	58	29	19	41	405
Other assets	99	6	6	3	28	142
Trade payables	(10)	(2)	(2)	–	(6)	(20)
Client deposits	(4)	(2)	–	–	(1)	(7)
Accrued expenses	(102)	(15)	–	(5)	(19)	(141)
Employee benefit obligations	(45)	(9)	(2)	(15)	(12)	(83)
Other liabilities	(185)	(57)	10	(10)	(27)	(269)
Net assets / (liabilities)	$1,078	$146	$162	$103	$134	$1,623

For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, every percentage point depreciation / appreciation in the exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar, has affected the company's incremental operating margins by approximately 0.46% and 0.53%, respectively.

For the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, every percentage point depreciation / appreciation in the exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar, has affected the company's incremental operating margins by approximately 0.46% and 0.53%, respectively.

Sensitivity analysis is computed based on the changes in the income and expenses in foreign currency upon conversion into functional currency, due to exchange rate fluctuations between the previous reporting period and the current reporting period.

Credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk of default on its obligation by the counterparty resulting in a financial loss. The maximum exposure to the credit risk at the reporting date is primarily from trade receivables amounting to $1,333 million and $1,305 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively and unbilled revenue amounting to $503 million and $449 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively. Trade receivables are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers primarily located in the United States. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

The following table gives details in respect of percentage of revenues generated from top customer and top five customers:

(In %)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Revenue from top customer	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.0
Revenue from top five customers	15.0	16.0	14.9	16.1

Financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired

Cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale financial assets are neither past due nor impaired. Cash and cash equivalents include deposits with banks and corporations with high credit-ratings assigned by international and domestic credit-rating agencies. Available-for-sale financial assets include investment in liquid mutual fund units, fixed maturity plan securities, quoted debt securities and unquoted equity securities. Certificates of deposit represent funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Investment in quoted debt securities represents the investments made in debt securities issued by government and quasi government organizations. Of the total trade receivables, $954 million and $965 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, were neither past due nor impaired.

There is no other class of financial assets that is not past due but impaired except for trade receivables of $3 million and $1 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively.

Financial assets that are past due but not impaired

The company’s credit period generally ranges from 30-45 days. The age analysis of the trade receivables have been considered from the due date. The age wise break up of trade receivables, net of allowances of $23 million and $16 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, that are past due, is given below:

(Dollars in millions)

Period (in days)	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Less than 30	$251	$244
31 – 60	70	45
61 – 90	28	19
More than 90	30	32
	$379	$340

The provision for doubtful accounts receivable for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $6 million and $2 million and $13 million and $7 million, respectively.

The movement in the provisions for doubtful accounts receivable is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,		Year ended March 31,
	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013
Balance at the beginning	$23	$20	$17	$17	$17
Translation differences	(1)	–	(1)	(1)	(3)
Provisions for doubtful accounts receivable	6	2	13	7	7
Trade receivables written off	(2)	(1)	(3)	(2)	(4)
Balance at the end	$26	$21	$26	$21	$17

Liquidity risk

As of September 30, 2013, the company had a working capital of $4,916 million including cash and cash equivalents of $3,601 million, current available-for-sale financial assets of $448 million and investment in certificates of deposit of $84 million. As of March 31, 2013, the company had a working capital of $5,347 million including cash and cash equivalents of $4,021 million and current available-for-sale financial assets of $320 million.

As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the outstanding employee benefit obligations were $142 million and $113 million, respectively, which have been fully funded. Further, as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the company had no outstanding bank borrowings. Accordingly, no liquidity risk is perceived.

The table below provides details regarding the contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities as of September 30, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

Particulars	Less than 1 year	1-2 years	2-4 years	4-7 years	Total
Trade payables	$16	–	–	–	$16
Client deposits	$3	–	–	–	$3
Other liabilities (Refer Note 2.9)	$561	$5	–	–	$566
Liability towards other acquisitions (Refer Note 2.9)	–	–	$25	–	$25
Liability towards McCamish acquisition on an undiscounted basis (Refer Note 2.9)	–	$1	$3	–	$4

The table below provides details regarding the contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities as of March 31, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

Particulars	Less than 1 year	1-2 years	2-4 years	4-7 years	Total
Trade payables	$35	–	–	–	$35
Client deposits	$6	–	–	–	$6
Other liabilities (Refer Note 2.9)	$437	$3	$4	–	$444
Liability towards other acquisitions (Refer Note 2.9)	$1	–	$10	–	$11
Liability towards McCamish acquisition on an undiscounted basis (Refer Note 2.9)	–	$1	$3	–	$4

As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the company had outstanding financial guarantees of $4 million each, towards leased premises. These financial guarantees can be invoked upon breach of any term of the lease agreement. To the company’s knowledge there has been no breach of any term of the lease agreement as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.

2.8 Provisions

Provisions comprise the following:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Provision for post sales client support	$36	$39
Provisions towards visa related matters (Refer note 2.20)	35	–
	$71	$39

Provision for post sales client support represents costs associated with providing sales support services which are accrued at the time of recognition of revenues and are expected to be utilized over a period of 6 months to 1 year. The movement in the provision for post sales client support is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,		Year ended March 31,
	2013	2012	2013	2012	2013
Balance at the beginning	$36	$27	$39	$26	$26
Translation differences	1	2	–	2	(1)
Provision recognized/(reversed)	(1)	11	(3)	13	15
Provision utilized	–	–	–	(1)	(1)
Balance at the end	$36	$40	$36	$40	$39

Provision for post sales client support for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

2.9 Other liabilities

Other liabilities comprise the following:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Current
Accrued compensation to employees	$227	$133
Accrued expenses	265	236
Withholding taxes payable ⁽¹⁾	143	129
Retainage	13	15
Unamortized negative past service cost (Refer Note 2.11.1) ⁽¹⁾	–	1
Liabilities of controlled trusts	23	27
Liability towards acquisition of business (Refer Note 2.3)	–	1
Premiums held in trust ⁽²⁾	22	22
Others	5	4
	$698	$568
Non-current
Liability towards acquisition of business (Refer Note 2.3)	$28	$13
Unamortized negative past service cost (Refer Note 2.11.1) ⁽¹⁾	–	2
Incentive accruals	11	7
Deferred income - government grant on land use rights(Refer Note 2.6)⁽¹⁾	5	5
	$44	$27
	$742	$595
Financial liabilities included in other liabilities (excluding liability towards acquisition of business)	$566	$444
Financial liability towards McCamish acquisition on a discounted basis	$3	$3
Financial liability towards McCamish acquisition on an undiscounted basis (Refer Note 2.3)	$4	$4
Financial liability towards other acquisitions (Refer Note 2.3)	$25	$11

⁽¹⁾Non financial liabilities

⁽²⁾Represents premiums collected from policyholders and payable to insurance providers by a service provider maintaining the amounts in fiduciary capacity (Refer to note 2.4)

Accrued expenses primarily relates to cost of technical sub-contractors, telecommunication charges, legal and professional charges, brand building expenses, overseas travel expenses and office maintenance. Others include unclaimed dividend balances.

2.10 Expenses by nature

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Employee benefit costs (Refer Note 2.11.4)	$1,228	$991	$2,381	$1,950
Deferred purchase price pertaining to acquisition (Refer note 2.3)	7	–	14	–
Depreciation and amortization charges (Refer Note 2.5 and 2.6)	54	50	110	96
Travel costs	71	70	149	138
Consultancy and professional charges	16	25	34	46
Rates and taxes	4	4	8	8
Office maintenance	16	14	31	28
Cost of software packages	23	24	50	47
Third party items bought for service delivery to clients	6	6	13	11
Communication costs	18	16	36	31
Cost of technical sub-contractors	85	62	169	115
Consumables	1	3	2	3
Power and fuel	9	10	19	20
Repairs and maintenance	6	8	14	16
Commission	2	2	3	3
Branding and marketing expenses	6	7	12	13
Provision for post-sales client support (Refer Note 2.8)	(1)	11	(3)	13
Provisions for doubtful accounts receivable (Refer Note 2.7)	6	2	13	7
Operating lease payments (Refer Note 2.14)	12	11	26	22
Postage and courier	1	–	2	1
Printing and stationery	1	–	2	1
Insurance charges	2	2	4	4
Donations	–	2	–	2
Others*	42	5	49	13
Total cost of sales, selling and marketing expenses and administrative expenses	$1,615	$1,325	$3,138	$2,588

* ‘Others’ for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 include a provision of $35 million towards visa related matters. Refer note 2.20.

2.11 Employee benefits

2.11.1 Gratuity

The following tables set out the funded status of the gratuity plans and the amounts recognized in the company's financial statements as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Change in benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at the beginning	$120	$118
Service cost	9	37
Interest cost	4	7
Actuarial losses / (gains)	(5)	(5)
Benefits paid	(9)	(17)
Curtailment	–	(13)
Translation differences	(16)	(7)
Benefit obligations at the end	$103	$120
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning	$126	$121
Expected return on plan assets	NA	11
Interest income*	4	NA
Remeasurements – Returns on plan assets excluding amounts included in Interest income*	1	NA
Actuarial gains / (losses)	NA	–
Employer contributions	2	18
Benefits paid	(9)	(17)
Translation differences	(16)	(7)
Fair value of plan assets at the end	$108	$126
Funded status	$5	$6
Prepaid benefit	$5	$6

* As per Revised IAS 19

Amount for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 recognised in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income comprises the following components:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Service cost	$1	$5	$9	$19
Net interest on the net defined benefit liability / (asset)*	–	NA	–	NA
Interest cost	NA	2	NA	4
Expected return on plan assets	NA	(2)	NA	(5)
Actuarial (gains) / loss	NA	(2)	NA	(8)
Plan amendments	–	–	–	–
Net gratuity cost	$1	$3	$9	$10

* As per Revised IAS 19

Amount for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 recognised in statement of other comprehensive income:

Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,	Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2013
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability / (asset)
Actuarial (gains) / losses	$(5)	$(5)
(Return) / loss on plan assets excluding amounts included in the net interest on the net defined benefit liability / (asset)	–	(1)
	$(5)	$(6)

The company has adopted Revised IAS 19 with effect from April 1, 2013. Comparative information has not been restated for the changes as the effect of the change in accounting policy is not material. The impact on account of the revision in accounting policy is a reduction in retained earnings by $6 million, an increase in other comprehensive income by $9 million and write back of unamortized negative past service cost by $3 million to retained earnings.

During fiscal 2013, the company aligned the gratuity entitlement for a majority of its employees prospectively to the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. This amendment resulted in a curtailment gain of $13 million for the year ended March 31, 2013, which has been recognized in the statement of comprehensive income.

The amount recognised in net profit in the statement of comprehensive income between cost of sales, selling and marketing expenses and administrative expenses on the basis of direct employee cost as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Cost of sales	$1	$3	$8	$9
Selling and marketing expenses	–	–	1	1
Administrative expenses	–	–	–	–
	$1	$3	$9	$10

Effective July 1, 2007, the Company amended its Gratuity Plan, to suspend the voluntary defined death benefit component of the Gratuity Plan. This amendment resulted in a negative past service cost amounting to $9 million, which was being amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees which is 10 years. On adoption of Revised IAS 19, the unamortized negative past service cost of $3 million as of March 31, 2013, has been credited to retained earnings.

The weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013 are set out below:

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Discount rate	9.2%	8.0%
Weighted average rate of increase in compensation levels	7.3%	7.3%

The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 are set out below:

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Discount rate	8.0%	8.6%	8.0%	8.6%
Weighted average rate of increase in compensation levels	7.3%	7.3%	7.3%	7.3%
Rate of return on plan assets	9.6%	9.5%	9.6%	9.5%
Weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation*	9.2 years	NA	9.2 years	NA

*As per Revised IAS 19

The following are the assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations:

Discount rate	In India, the market for high quality corporate bonds being not developed, the yield of government bonds is considered as the discount rate. The tenure has been considered taking into account the past long-term trend of employees’ average remaining service life which reflects the average estimated term of the post- employment benefit obligations.
Weighted average rate of increase in compensation levels	The average rate of increase in compensation levels is determined by the Company, considering factors such as, the Company’s past compensation revision trends and management’s estimate of future salary increases.
Rate of return on plan assets	Rate of return is the average yield of the portfolio in which our plan assets are invested over a tenure equivalent to the entire life of the related obligation.
Attrition rate	Attrition rate considered is the management’s estimate, based on the past long-term trend of employee turnover in the Company.

The company assesses these assumptions with its projected long-term plans of growth and prevalent industry standards. The company's overall expected long-term rate-of-return on assets has been determined based on consideration of available market information, current provisions of Indian law specifying the instruments in which investments can be made, and historical returns. Historical returns during the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 have not been lower than the expected rate of return on plan assets estimated for those years.

Gratuity is applicable only to employees drawing a salary in Indian rupees and there are no other foreign defined benefit gratuity plans.

The company contributes all ascertained liabilities towards gratuity to the Infosys Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust. In case of Infosys BPO, contributions are made to the Infosys BPO Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust. Trustees administer contributions made to the trust and contributions are invested in a scheme with the Life Insurance Corporation of India as permitted by Indian law. As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the plan assets have been primarily invested in government securities.

Actual return on assets for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $3 million each and for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $6 million each.

As of September 30, 2013, every percentage point increase / decrease in discount rate will affect the company’s gratuity benefit obligation by approximately $7 million.

As of September 30, 2013, every percentage point increase / decrease in weighted average rate of increase in compensation levels will affect the company’s gratuity benefit obligation by approximately $5 million.

As of September 30, 2013, every percentage point increase / decrease in attrition rate will affect the company’s gratuity benefit obligation by approximately $1 million.

The company expects to contribute $10 million to the gratuity trusts during the remainder of fiscal 2014.

Maturity profile of defined benefit obligation:

(Dollars in millions)


2013-14	14
2014-15	15
2015-16	16
2016-17	17
2017-18	19
Next 5 years Payouts (6-10 years)	110

Sensitivity for significant actuarial assumptions is computed by varying the actuarial assumptions used for valuation of defined benefit obligation by one percentage.

Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set in accordance with the published statistics by the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

2.11.2 Superannuation

The company contributed $8 million each to the superannuation plan during the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively and $17 million and $15 million for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively. Superannuation contributions have been apportioned between cost of sales, selling and marketing expenses and administrative expenses on the basis of direct employee cost as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,			Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Cost of sales	$7	$7	$15	$13
Selling and marketing expenses	–	–	1	1
Administrative expenses	1	1	1	1
	$8	$8	$17	$15

2.11.3 Provident fund

The company has an obligation to fund any shortfall on the yield of the trust’s investments over the administered interest rates on an annual basis. These administered rates are determined annually predominantly considering the social rather than economic factors and in most cases the actual return earned by the company has been higher in the past years. The Actuarial Society of India has issued the final guidance for measurement of provident fund liabilities during the quarter ended December 31, 2011. The actuary has accordingly provided a valuation and based on the below provided assumptions there is no shortfall as at September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively.

The details of fund and plan asset position are given below:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Plan assets at period end, at fair value	$401	$442
Present value of benefit obligation at period end	401	442
Asset recognized in balance sheet	–	–

The plan assets have been primarily invested in government securities.

Assumptions used in determining the present value obligation of the interest rate guarantee under the Deterministic Approach:

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Government of India (GOI) bond yield	9.2%	8.0%
Remaining term of maturity	8 years	8 years
Expected guaranteed interest rate	8.5%	8.3%

The company contributed $12 million to the provident fund during each of the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively and $24 million during each of the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively.

Provident fund contributions have been apportioned between cost of sales, selling and marketing expenses and administrative expenses on the basis of direct employee cost as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Cost of sales	$10	$10	$21	$21
Selling and marketing expenses	1	1	2	2
Administrative expenses	1	1	1	1
	$12	$12	$24	$24

2.11.4 Employee benefit costs include:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Salaries and bonus	$1,207	$968	$2,331	$1,901
Defined contribution plans	9	9	19	18
Defined benefit plans	12	14	31	31
	$1,228	$991	$2,381	$1,950

The employee benefit cost is recognized in the following line items in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Cost of sales	$1,083	$886	$2,111	$1,745
Selling and marketing expenses	101	71	185	136
Administrative expenses	44	34	85	69
	$1,228	$991	$2,381	$1,950

2.12 Equity

Share capital and share premium

The company has only one class of shares referred to as equity shares having a par value of $0.16. The amount received in excess of the par value has been classified as share premium. Additionally, share-based compensation recognized in net profit in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income is credited to share premium. 2,833,600 shares were held by controlled trusts, each as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.

Retained earnings

Retained earnings represent the amount of accumulated earnings of the company.

Other components of equity

Other components of equity consist of currency translation, fair value changes on available-for-sale financial assets and remeasurement of net defined benefit liability/(asset).

The company’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern and to maintain an optimal capital structure so as to maximize shareholder value. In order to maintain or achieve an optimal capital structure, the company may adjust the amount of dividend payment, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or buy back issued shares. As of September 30, 2013, the company had only one class of equity shares and had no debt. Consequent to the above capital structure there are no externally imposed capital requirements.

The rights of equity shareholders are set out below.

2.12.1 Voting

Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share. The equity shares represented by American Depositary Shares (ADS) carry similar rights to voting and dividends as the other equity shares. Each ADS represents one underlying equity share.

2.12.2 Dividends

The company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. Indian law mandates that any dividend be declared out of accumulated distributable profits only after the transfer to a general reserve of a specified percentage of net profit computed in accordance with current regulations. Section 205 (2A) of the Indian Companies Act 1956 (the Act) along with the Companies (Transfer of Profits to Reserves) Rules, 1975 and Companies (Declaration of Dividend out of Reserves) Rules, 1975, provide that certain conditions must be satisfied prior to the declaration of dividends. These conditions relate to the transfer of profits for that year to the company’s general reserves, and in the event of inadequacy of profits, a company must comply with conditions relating to the percentage of dividend that can be declared and minimum reserve balances that need to be maintained by the company.

The remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange and is subject to applicable taxes.

Consequent to the requirements of the Act, the company has transferred $153 million to general reserves during the six months ended September 30, 2013. As of September 30, 2013 the company has $1,752 million in its general reserves.

The amount of per share dividend recognized as distributions to equity shareholders for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was $0.50 (27.00) and $0.58 (32.00) respectively. The amount of per share dividend recognized as distribution to equity shareholders for the six months ended September 30, 2012 included a special dividend of $0.18 (10.00) per equity share, representing the tenth year in operation for Infosys BPO.

On October 11, 2013, the company’s board of directors declared an interim dividend of approximately $0.32 ( RUPEE-SYMBOL 20.00) per equity share which will result in a cash outflow of approximately $215 million, inclusive of corporate dividend tax of $31 million.

2.12.3 Liquidation

In the event of liquidation of the company, the holders of shares shall be entitled to receive any of the remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. However, no such preferential amounts exist currently, other than the amounts held by irrevocable controlled trusts. The amount that would be distributed to the shareholders in the event of liquidation of the company would be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders. For irrevocable controlled trusts, the corpus would be settled in favor of the beneficiaries.

2.12.4 Share options

There are no voting, dividend or liquidation rights to the holders of options issued under the company's share option plans.

As of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the company had no shares reserved for issue under the employee stock option plans, respectively.

2.13 Other income

Other income consists of the following:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Interest income on deposits and certificates of deposit	$83	$79	$174	$167
Exchange gains / (losses) on forward and options contracts	(57)	69	(128)	5
Exchange gains / (losses) on translation of other assets and liabilities	43	(40)	117	18
Income from available-for-sale financial assets	10	11	18	16
Others	2	10	3	10
	$81	$129	$184	$216

2.14 Operating leases

The company has various operating leases, mainly for office buildings, that are renewable on a periodic basis. Rental expense for operating leases was $12 million and $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, and $26 million and $22 million for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively.

The schedule of future minimum rental payments in respect of non-cancellable operating leases is set out below:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Within one year of the balance sheet date	$38	$39
Due in a period between one year and five years	$87	$81
Due after five years	$50	$21

A majority of the company’s operating lease arrangements extend up to a maximum of ten years from their respective dates of inception, and relates to rented overseas premises. Some of these lease agreements have price escalation clauses.

2.15 Employees' Stock Option Plans (ESOP)

1998 Employees Stock Option Plan (the 1998 Plan): The company’s 1998 Plan provides for the grant of non-statutory share options and incentive share options to employees of the company. The establishment of the 1998 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors in December 1997 and by the shareholders in January 1998. The Government of India has approved the 1998 Plan, subject to a limit of 11,760,000 equity shares representing 11,760,000 ADS to be issued under the 1998 Plan. All options granted under the 1998 Plan are exercisable for equity shares represented by ADSs. The options under the 1998 Plan vest over a period of one through four years and expire five years from the date of completion of vesting. The 1998 Plan is administered by a compensation committee (now known as the management development and compensation committee), all of whom are independent members of the Board of Directors and through the Infosys Limited Employees’ Welfare Trust (the Trust). The term of the 1998 Plan ended on January 6, 2008, and consequently no further shares will be issued to employees under this plan.

1999 Employees Stock Option Plan (the 1999 Plan): In fiscal 2000, the company instituted the 1999 Plan. The Board of Directors and shareholders approved the 1999 Plan in June 1999. The 1999 Plan provides for the issue of 52,800,000 equity shares to employees. The 1999 Plan is administered by a compensation committee (now known as the management development and compensation committee), all of whom are independent members of the Board of Directors and through the Infosys Limited Employees’ Welfare Trust (the Trust). Under the 1999 Plan, options will be issued to employees at an exercise price, which shall not be less than the fair market value (FMV) of the underlying equity shares on the date of grant. Under the 1999 Plan, options may also be issued to employees at exercise prices that are less than FMV only if specifically approved by the shareholders of the company in a general meeting. All options under the 1999 Plan are exercisable for equity shares. The options under the 1999 Plan vest over a period of one through six years, although accelerated vesting based on performance conditions is provided in certain instances and expire over a period of 6 months through five years from the date of completion of vesting. The term of the 1999 plan ended on June 11, 2009, and consequently no further shares will be issued to employees under this plan.

There were no share options outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.

There was no activity in the 1998 Plan during the six months ended September 30, 2012. The activity in the 1999 Plan during the six months ended September 30, 2012 is set out below:

	Six months ended September 30, 2012
	Shares arising out of options	Weighted average exercise price
1999 Plan:
Outstanding at the beginning	11,683	$42
Forfeited and expired	(5,518)	$39
Exercised	(2,445)	$39
Outstanding at the end	3,720	$40
Exercisable at the end	3,720	$40

The weighted average share price of options exercised under the 1999 Plan during the six months ended September 30, 2012 was $44.82.

The share-based compensation recorded for each of the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 was Nil.

2.16 Income taxes

Income tax expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income comprises:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Current taxes
Domestic taxes	$140	$146	$277	$280
Foreign taxes	31	26	51	51
	171	172	$328	331
Deferred taxes
Domestic taxes	$(3)	(6)	$(7)	(5)
Foreign taxes	(19)	4	(19)	4
	(22)	(2)	(26)	(1)
Income tax expense	$149	$170	$302	$330

The entire deferred income tax for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 relates to origination and reversal of temporary differences.

For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, a reversal of deferred tax liability of $1 million and less than $1 million, relating to available-for-sale financial assets has been recognized in other comprehensive income.

For the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, a reversal of deferred tax liability of $1 million and less than $1 million, relating to available-for-sale financial assets has been recognized in other comprehensive income.

The company, as an Indian resident, is required to pay taxes in India on the company’s entire global income in accordance with Section 5 of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, which taxes are reflected as domestic taxes. The income on which domestic taxes are imposed are not restricted to the income generated from the “India” geographic segment. The geographical segment disclosures on revenue in note 2.19.2 are solely based on the location of customers and do not reflect the geographies where the actual delivery or revenue-related efforts occur. As such, amounts applicable to domestic income taxes and foreign income taxes will not necessarily correlate to the proportion of revenue generated from India and other geographical segments as per the geographic segment disclosure set forth in note 2.19.2.

A reconciliation of the income tax provision to the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to the income before income taxes is summarized below:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Profit before income taxes	$532	$601	$1,103	$1,177
Enacted tax rates in India	33.99%	32.45%	33.99%	32.45%
Computed expected tax expense	181	195	375	382
Tax effect due to non-taxable income for Indian tax purposes	(68)	(40)	(126)	(87)
Overseas taxes	26	19	45	37
Tax reversals, overseas and domestic	1	(2)	(2)	(2)
Effect of exempt income	(3)	(5)	(6)	(7)
Effect of unrecognized deferred tax assets	1	3	4	6
Branch profit tax	(8)	–	(8)	–
Effect of non-deductible expenses	24	–	29	1
Taxes on dividend received from subsidiary	–	1	–	1
Additional deduction on research and development expense	(4)	–	(8)	–
Others	(1)	(1)	(1)	(1)
Income tax expense	$149	$170	$302	$330

The applicable Indian statutory tax rate for fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 is 33.99% and 32.45%. The increase in the statutory tax rate to 33.99% is consequent to changes made in the Finance Act 2013.

During the year ended March 31, 2013 the company claimed weighted tax deduction on eligible research and development expenditures based on the approval received from Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) for Finacle and Infosys labs which is effective from November 23, 2011. The weighted tax deduction is equal to 200% of such expenditures incurred.

The foreign tax expense is due to income taxes payable overseas, principally in the United States of America. In India, the company has benefited from certain tax incentives the Government of India had provided to the export of software from specially designated software technology parks, or STPs, in India and the company continues to benefit from certain tax incentives for facilities set up under the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005. However, the tax incentives provided by the Government of India for STPs have expired, and the profits earned from the STP units are now taxable. Under the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 scheme, units in designated special economic zones which begin providing services on or after April 1, 2005 are eligible for a deduction of 100 percent of profits or gains derived from the export of services for the first five years from commencement of provision of services and 50 percent of such profits or gains for a further five years. Certain tax benefits are also available for a further period of five years subject to the unit meeting defined conditions.

As a result of these tax incentives, a portion of the company’s pre-tax income has not been subject to significant tax in recent years. These tax incentives resulted in a decrease in the company’s income tax expense of $68 million and $40 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, and $126 million and $87 million, for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, compared to the effective tax amounts that the company estimates it would have been required to pay if these incentives had not been available. The per share effect of these tax incentives is $0.12 and $0.07 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, and $0.22 and $0.15 for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively.

The company is subject to a 15% Branch Profit Tax (BPT) in the U.S. to the extent its U.S. branch's net profit during the year is greater than the increase in the net assets of the U.S. branch during the fiscal year, computed in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code. As of March 31, 2013, Infosys' U.S. branch net assets amounted to approximately $738 million. As of September 30, 2013, the company has recognised a deferred tax liability of $51 million towards branch profit tax for its U.S. branch, as the company estimates that these branch profits are expected to be distributed in the foreseeable future.

Deferred income tax liabilities have not been recognized on temporary differences amounting to $434 million and $396 million as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, associated with investments in subsidiaries and branches as it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The following table provides the details of income tax assets and income tax liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013:

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Income tax assets	$222	$201
Current income tax liabilities	305	245
Net current income tax asset/ (liability) at the end	$(83)	$(44)

The gross movement in the current income tax asset/ (liability) for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Net current income tax asset / (liability) at the beginning	$(102)	$(65)	$(44)	$(3)
Translation differences	2	(2)	10	(2)
Income tax paid	188	197	279	294
Current income tax expense (Refer Note 2.16)	(171)	(172)	(328)	(331)
Net current income tax asset/ (liability) at the end	$(83)	$(42)	$(83)	$(42)

The tax effects of significant temporary differences that resulted in deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Deferred income tax assets
Property, plant and equipment	$59	$66
Minimum alternate tax credit carry-forwards	3	7
Computer software	8	8
Trade receivables	6	4
Compensated absences	35	27
Accrued compensation to employees	8	6
Accumulated losses	7	7
Others	14	17
Total deferred income tax assets	$140	$142
Deferred income tax liabilities
Temporary difference related to branch profits	$(51)	$(58)
Intangibles	(11)	(13)
Others	(1)	–
Total deferred income tax liabilities	$(63)	$(71)
Deferred income tax assets after set off	$88	$94
Deferred income tax liabilities after set off	$(11)	$(23)

Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities have been offset wherever the company has a legally enforceable right to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities and where the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.

The deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities recoverable within and after 12 months are as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	As of
	September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Deferred income tax assets to be recovered after 12 months	$98	$111
Deferred income tax assets to be recovered within 12 months	42	31
Total deferred income tax assets	$140	$142
Deferred income tax liabilities to be settled after 12 months	$(31)	$(47)
Deferred income tax liabilities to be settled within 12 months	(32)	(24)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	$(63)	$(71)

In assessing the realizability of deferred income tax assets, management considers whether some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, management believes that the company will realize the benefits of those deductible differences. The amount of the deferred income tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced.

The gross movement in the deferred income tax account for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 is as follows:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Net deferred income tax asset at the beginning	$63	$49	$71	$60
Translation differences	(9)	6	(21)	(4)
Credits relating to temporary differences	22	2	26	1
Temporary difference on available-for-sale financial asset	1	–	1	–
Net deferred income tax asset at the end	$77	$57	$77	$57

The credits relating to temporary differences are primarily on account of compensated absences, trade receivables, accumulated losses, accrued compensation to employees and property, plant and equipment.

Pursuant to the enacted changes in the Indian Income Tax Laws effective April 1, 2007, a Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) has been extended to income in respect of which a deduction may be claimed under sections 10A and 10AA of the Income Tax Act. Consequent to the enacted change, Infosys BPO has calculated its tax liability for current domestic taxes after considering MAT. The excess tax paid under MAT provisions being over and above regular tax liability can be carried forward and set off against future tax liabilities computed under regular tax provisions. Infosys BPO was required to pay MAT, and, accordingly, a deferred income tax asset of $3 million and $7 million has been recognized on the balance sheet of the company as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, which can be carried forward for a period of ten years from the year of recognition.

The company has received demands from the Indian Income tax authorities for payment of additional tax of $247 million (1,548 crore) including interest of $69 million (429 crore) upon completion of their tax review for fiscal 2006, fiscal 2007, fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009. These income tax demands are mainly on account of disallowance of a portion of the deduction claimed by the company under Section 10A of the Income Tax Act. The deductible amount is determined by the ratio of export turnover to total turnover. The disallowance arose from certain expenses incurred in foreign currency being reduced from export turnover but not reduced from total turnover. The tax demand for fiscal 2007, fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009 also includes disallowance of portion of profit earned outside India from the STP units and disallowance of profits earned from SEZ units. The matter for fiscal 2006, fiscal 2007,fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2009 are pending before the Commissioner of Income tax (Appeals) Bangalore. The company is contesting the demand and the management including its tax advisors believes that its position will likely be upheld in the appellate process. The management believes that the ultimate outcome of this proceeding will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position and results of operations.

2.17 Earnings per equity share

The following is a reconciliation of the equity shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per equity share:

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Basic earnings per equity share - weighted average number of equity shares outstanding ⁽¹⁾	571,402,566	571,397,749	571,402,566	571,397,150
Effect of dilutive common equivalent shares - share options outstanding	–	864	–	1,203
Diluted earnings per equity share - weighted average number of equity shares and common equivalent shares outstanding	571,402,566	571,398,613	571,402,566	571,398,353

⁽¹⁾ Excludes treasury shares

For the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 there were no outstanding options to purchase equity shares which had an anti-dilutive effect.

2.18 Related party transactions

List of subsidiaries:

Particulars	Country	Holding as of
		September 30, 2013	March 31, 2013
Infosys BPO	India	99.98%	99.98%
Infosys China	China	100%	100%
Infosys Mexico	Mexico	100%	100%
Infosys Sweden	Sweden	100%	100%
Infosys Shanghai	China	100%	100%
Infosys Brasil	Brazil	100%	100%
Infosys Public Services	U.S.A	100%	100%
Infosys Consulting India Limited ⁽¹⁾	India	–	100%
Infosys Americas ⁽²⁾	U.S.A	100%	–
Infosys BPO s.r.o ⁽³⁾	Czech Republic	99.98%	99.98%
Infosys BPO (Poland) Sp.Z.o.o ⁽³⁾	Poland	99.98%	99.98%
Infosys McCamish Systems LLC (Formerly known as McCamish Systems LLC)⁽³⁾	U.S.A	99.98%	99.98%
Portland Group Pty Ltd ⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾(Refer Note 2.3)	Australia	99.98%	99.98%
Portland Procurement Services Pty Ltd ⁽¹⁰⁾ (Refer Note 2.3)	Australia	99.98%	99.98%
Infosys Australia ⁽⁵⁾	Australia	100%	100%
Lodestone Holding AG ⁽⁶⁾(Refer note 2.3)	Switzerland	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants (Canada) Inc ⁽⁷⁾	Canada	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Inc. ⁽⁷⁾	U.S.A	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Pty Limited ⁽⁷⁾	Australia	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants (Asia Pacific) Limited ⁽⁷⁾⁽⁸⁾	Thailand	–	–
Lodestone Management Consultants AG ⁽⁷⁾	Switzerland	100%	100%
Lodestone Augmentis AG ⁽¹²⁾	Switzerland	100%	100%
Hafner Bauer & Ödman GmbH ⁽⁷⁾	Switzerland	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants (Belgium) S.A. ⁽⁹⁾	Belgium	99.90%	99.90%
Lodestone Management Consultants GmbH ⁽⁷⁾	Germany	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Pte Ltd. ⁽⁷⁾	Singapore	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants SAS ⁽⁷⁾	France	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants s.r.o^{. (7)}	Czech Republic	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants GmbH ⁽⁷⁾	Austria	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Co., Ltd^{. (7)}	China	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Ltd. ⁽⁷⁾	UK	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants B.V. ⁽⁷⁾	Netherlands	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Ltda^{. (9)}	Brazil	99.99%	99.99%
Lodestone Management Consultants Sp. z.o.o. ⁽⁷⁾	Poland	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda^{. (7)}	Portugal	100%	100%
S.C. Lodestone Management Consultants S.R.L. ⁽⁷⁾	Romania	100%	100%
Lodestone Management Consultants S.R.L. ^(7)(11)	Argentina	100%	100%

⁽¹⁾

The Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka sanctioned the scheme of amalgamation of Infosys Consulting India Limited (ICIL) with Infosys Limited with an effective date of August 23, 2013.

⁽²⁾

Incorporated effective June 25, 2013.

⁽³⁾

Wholly owned subsidiaries of Infosys BPO.

⁽⁴⁾

On January 4, 2012 Infosys BPO acquired 100% of the voting interest in Portland Group Pty Ltd.

⁽⁵⁾

Under liquidation.

⁽⁶⁾

On October 22, 2012, Infosys acquired 100% of the voting interest in Lodestone Holding AG.

⁽⁷⁾

Wholly owned subsidiaries of Lodestone Holding AG acquired on October 22, 2012.

⁽⁸⁾

Liquidated effective February 14, 2013.

⁽⁹⁾

Majority owned and controlled subsidiaries of Lodestone Holding AG acquired on October 22, 2012.

⁽¹⁰⁾

Wholly owned subsidiary of Portland Group Pty Ltd

⁽¹¹⁾

Incorporated effective January 10, 2013.

⁽¹²⁾

Wholly owned subsidiary of Lodestone Management Consultants AG

Infosys has provided guarantee for performance of certain contracts entered into by its subsidiaries.

List of other related parties:

Particulars	Country	Nature of relationship
Infosys Limited Employees' Gratuity Fund Trust	India	Post-employment benefit plan of Infosys
Infosys Limited Employees' Provident Fund Trust	India	Post-employment benefit plan of Infosys
Infosys Limited Employees' Superannuation Fund Trust	India	Post-employment benefit plan of Infosys
Infosys BPO Limited Employees’ Superannuation Fund Trust	India	Post-employment benefit plan of Infosys BPO
Infosys BPO Limited Employees’ Gratuity Fund Trust	India	Post-employment benefit plan of Infosys BPO
Infosys Limited Employees’ Welfare Trust	India	Controlled Trust
Infosys Science Foundation	India	Controlled trust

Refer Note 2.11 for information on transactions with post-employment benefit plans mentioned above.

Transactions with key management personnel

The table below describes the compensation to key management personnel which comprise directors and members of the executive council:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended September 30,		Six months ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Salaries and other employee benefits to whole-time directors and members of executive council	$2	$3	$4	$5
Commission and other benefits to non-executive/independent directors	1	–	1	1
Total compensation to key managerial personnel	$3	$3	$5	$6

2.19 Segment reporting

IFRS 8 establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments and related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The company's operations predominantly relate to providing end-to-end business solutions that enable clients to enhance business performance, delivered to customers globally operating in various industry segments. The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the company's performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by industry classes and geographic segmentation of customers. Accordingly, segment information has been presented both along industry classes and geographic segmentation of customers. The accounting principles used in the preparation of the financial statements are consistently applied to record revenue and expenditure in individual segments, and are as set out in the significant accounting policies.

Industry segments for the company are primarily financial services and insurance (FSI) comprising enterprises providing banking, finance and insurance services, enterprises in manufacturing (MFG), enterprises in the energy, utilities, communication and services (ECS) and enterprises in retail, consumer packaged goods, logistics and life sciences (RCL). Geographic segmentation is based on business sourced from that geographic region and delivered from both on-site and off-shore. North America comprises the United States of America, Canada and Mexico, Europe includes continental Europe (both the east and the west), Ireland and the United Kingdom, and the Rest of the World comprising all other places except those mentioned above and India.

Revenue and identifiable operating expenses in relation to segments are categorized based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment. Allocated expenses of segments include expenses incurred for rendering services from the company's offshore software development centers and on-site expenses, which are categorized in relation to the associated turnover of the segment. Certain expenses such as depreciation, which form a significant component of total expenses, are not specifically allocable to specific segments as the underlying assets are used interchangeably. Management believes that it is not practical to provide segment disclosures relating to those costs and expenses, and accordingly these expenses are separately disclosed as "unallocated" and adjusted against the total income of the company.

Assets and liabilities used in the company's business are not identified to any of the reportable segments, as these are used interchangeably between segments. Management believes that it is currently not practicable to provide segment disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities since a meaningful segregation of the available data is onerous.

Geographical information on revenue and industry revenue information is collated based on individual customers invoiced or in relation to which the revenue is otherwise recognized.

2.19.1 Industry segments

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30, 2013	FSI	MFG	ECS	RCL	Total
Revenues	$690	$479	$398	$499	$2,066
Identifiable operating expenses	327	246	175	251	999
Allocated expenses	181	133	110	138	562
Segment profit	182	100	113	110	505
Unallocable expenses					54
Operating profit					451
Other income, net					81
Profit before income taxes					532
Income tax expense					149
Net profit					$383
Depreciation and amortization					$54
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30, 2012	FSI	MFG	ECS	RCL	Total
Revenues	$605	$397	$363	$432	$1,797
Identifiable operating expenses	263	183	181	185	812
Allocated expenses	154	103	94	112	463
Segment profit	188	111	88	135	522
Unallocable expenses					50
Operating profit					472
Other income, net					129
Profit before income taxes					601
Income tax expense					170
Net profit					$431
Depreciation and amortization					$50
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Six months ended September 30, 2013	FSI	MFG	ECS	RCL	Total
Revenues	$1,361	$927	$778	$991	$4,057
Identifiable operating expenses	638	475	350	490	1,953
Allocated expenses	349	250	209	267	1,075
Segment profit	374	202	219	234	1,029
Unallocable expenses					110
Operating profit					919
Other income, net					184
Profit before income taxes					1,103
Income tax expense					302
Net profit					$801
Depreciation and amortization					$110
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Six months ended September 30, 2012	FSI	MFG	ECS	RCL	Total
Revenues	$1,206	$783	$713	$847	$3,549
Identifiable operating expenses	531	356	341	360	1,588
Allocated expenses	301	201	183	218	903
Segment profit	374	226	189	269	1,058
Unallocable expenses					97
Operating profit					961
Other income, net					216
Profit before income taxes					1,177
Income tax expense					330
Net profit					$847
Depreciation and amortization					$96
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					$1

2.19.2 Geographic segments

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30, 2013	North America	Europe	India	Rest of the World	Total
Revenues	$1,271	$495	$50	$250	$2,066
Identifiable operating expenses	623	236	20	120	999
Allocated expenses	365	128	11	58	562
Segment profit	283	131	19	72	505
Unallocable expenses					54
Operating profit					451
Other income, net					81
Profit before income taxes					532
Income tax expense					149
Net profit					$383
Depreciation and amortization					$54
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30, 2012	North America	Europe	India	Rest of the World	Total
Revenues	$1,147	$393	$30	$227	1,797
Identifiable operating expenses	496	183	27	106	812
Allocated expenses	297	101	7	58	463
Segment profit	354	109	(4)	63	522
Unallocable expenses					50
Operating profit					472
Other income, net					129
Profit before income taxes					601
Income tax expense					170
Net profit					$431
Depreciation and amortization					$50
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Six months ended September 30, 2013	North America	Europe	India	Rest of the World	Total
Revenues	$2,494	$965	$102	$496	$4,057
Identifiable operating expenses	1214	466	44	229	1,953
Allocated expenses	684	250	22	119	1,075
Segment profit	596	249	36	148	1,029
Unallocable expenses					110
Operating profit					919
Other income, net					184
Profit before income taxes					1,103
Income tax expense					302
Net profit					$801
Depreciation and amortization					$110
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					–

(Dollars in millions)

Six months ended September 30, 2012	North America	Europe	India	Rest of the World	Total
Revenues	$2,270	$769	$64	$446	$3,549
Identifiable operating expenses	984	363	45	196	1,588
Allocated expenses	582	196	15	110	903
Segment profit	704	210	4	140	1,058
Unallocable expenses					97
Operating profit					961
Other income, net					216
Profit before income taxes					1,177
Income tax expense					330
Net profit					$847
Depreciation and amortization					$96
Non-cash expenses other than depreciation and amortization					$1

2.19.3 Significant clients

No client individually accounted for more than 10% of the revenues for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012.

2.20 Litigation

On May 23, 2011, the company received a subpoena from a grand jury in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The subpoena required that the company provide to the grand jury certain documents and records related to its sponsorships for, and uses of, B1 business visas. The company complied with the subpoena. In connection with the subpoena, during a meeting with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Texas, the company was advised that it and certain of its employees are targets of the grand jury investigation.

In addition, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) reviewed the company’s employer eligibility verifications on Form I-9 with respect to its employees working in the United States. In connection with this review, the company was advised that the DHS has found errors in a significant percentage of its Forms I-9 that the DHS has reviewed, and may impose fines and penalties on the company related to such alleged errors.

On October 30, 2013, Infosys settled the foregoing matters and entered into a Settlement Agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) with the U.S. Attorney, the DHS and the United States Department of State (“State,” and collectively with the U.S. Attorney and the DHS, the “United States”).

In the Settlement Agreement, Infosys denied and disputed all allegations made by the United States, except for the allegation that the Company failed to maintain accurate Forms I-9 records for many of its foreign nationals in the United States in 2010 and 2011 as required by law, and that such failure constituted civil violations of certain laws.

Under the Settlement Agreement, Infosys agreed, among other things, that:

the Company will pay to the United States an aggregate amount equal to $34 million within 30 days of the execution of the Settlement Agreement;

the Company will retain, for a period of two years from the date of the Settlement Agreement, an independent third-party auditor or auditing firm at its expense which will annually review and report on its Forms I-9 compliance, which reports shall be submitted to the U.S. Attorney; and

within 60 days after the first anniversary of the Settlement Agreement, the Company will furnish a report to the U.S. Attorney concerning the Company’s compliance with its internal B-1 visa use policies, standards of conduct, internal controls and disciplinary procedures.

In return, the United States agreed, among other things, that:

the United States will file a motion to dismiss with prejudice the complaint it will file in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas relating to allegations made by the United States regarding the Company’s compliance with laws regulating H1-B and B-1 visas and Forms I-9 (the “Alleged Conduct”);

the United States will not use the Alleged Conduct to revoke any existing visas or petitions or deny future visas or petitions for our foreign nationals, and will evaluate each visa or petition on its own individual merits);

State will not use the Alleged Conduct to debar or suspend Infosys from any B-1 or H1-B immigration program, and the United States will not make any referrals to any government agencies for such debarment or suspension proceedings related to the Alleged Conduct; and

the United States will release Infosys and each of its current and former employees, directors, officers, agents and contractors from any civil, administrative or criminal claims the United States has or may have arising out of or pertaining to the Alleged Conduct, subject to certain exceptions specified in the Settlement Agreement.

Further, separate from, but related to the Settlement Agreement, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has confirmed that it will not impose debarment from any B-1 or H1-B immigration program on Infosys related to the Alleged Conduct.

Further, based upon the factors set forth in the Settlement Agreement, the United States affirmed its belief that:

Infosys has instituted policies, standards of conduct and internal control systems to prevent violations of U.S. immigration laws;

the policies and standards of conduct instituted by Infosys with respect to H1-B and B-1 visas and Forms 1-9 seek to ensure that Infosys employees will be in compliance with U.S. immigration laws;

through certain actions taken by Infosys, Infosys has demonstrated commitment to compliance with U.S. immigration laws; and

Infosys intends to cooperate with the United States in connection with requests for additional information.

The foregoing summary of the terms and conditions of the Settlement Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Settlement Agreement, which is filed with this Report on Form 6-K as Exhibit 99.2

EPS for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 is $0.73 per share and $1.46 per share respectively, excluding the provision of $35 million for visa related matters, consisting of $34 million to be paid in connection with the Settlement Agreement and related legal costs. EPS for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2013 is $0.67 per share and $1.40 per share, including the provision of $35 million for visa related matters, consisting of $34 million to be paid in connection with the Settlement Agreement and related legal costs. The difference is $0.06 per share.

In addition, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen in the ordinary course of our business. Our management does not reasonably expect that these legal actions, when ultimately concluded and determined, will have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In addition to historical information, this discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When used in this discussion, the words 'anticipate,' 'believe,' 'estimate,' 'expect,' 'intend,' 'project,' 'seek,' 'should,' 'will' and other similar expressions as they relate to us or our business are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained herein are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled 'Risk Factors' in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, and in the section entitled ‘Risk Factors’ and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 6-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 6-K. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements included herein and the notes thereto. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.

Overview

We are a leading global technology services company that provides business consulting, technology, engineering and outsourcing services. In addition, we offer software products for clients in the banking industry.

Our professionals deliver high quality solutions by leveraging our Global Delivery Model through which we divide projects into components that we execute simultaneously at client sites and at our development centers in India and around the world. We seek to optimize our cost structure by maintaining the flexibility to execute project components where it is most cost effective. Our Global Delivery Model also allows us to provide clients with high quality solutions in reduced time-frames enabling them to achieve operational efficiencies. Our sales, marketing and business development teams are organized to focus on specific geographies and industries and this helps us to customize our service offerings to our client's needs. Our primary geographic markets are North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. We serve clients in financial services, manufacturing, communications, retail, utilities, logistics and other industries.

There is an increasing need for highly skilled technology professionals in the markets in which we operate and in the industries to which we provide services. At the same time, companies are reluctant to expand their internal IT departments and increase costs. These factors have increased the reliance of companies on their outsourced technology service providers and are expected to continue to drive future growth for outsourced technology services. We believe that because the effective use of offshore technology services may offer lower total costs of ownership of IT infrastructure, lower labor costs, improved quality and innovation, faster delivery of technology solutions and more flexibility in scheduling, companies are increasingly turning to offshore technology service providers. India, in particular, has become a premier destination for offshore technology services. The key factors contributing to the growth of IT and IT enabled services in India include high quality delivery, significant cost benefits and the availability of skilled IT professionals. Our proven Global Delivery Model, our comprehensive end to end solutions, our commitment to superior quality and process execution, our long standing client relationships and our ability to scale make us one of the leading offshore technology service providers in India.

There are numerous risks and challenges affecting the business. These risks and challenges are discussed in detail in the section entitled 'Risk Factors' in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, and in the section entitled ‘Risk Factors’ and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 6-K.

We were founded in 1981 and are headquartered in Bangalore, India. We completed our initial public offering of equity shares in India in 1993 and our initial public offering of ADSs in the United States in 1999. We completed three sponsored secondary ADS offerings in the United States in August 2003, June 2005 and November 2006. We did not receive any of the proceeds from any of our sponsored secondary offerings.

On October 22, 2012, we acquired 100% of the voting interests in Lodestone Holding AG, a global management consultancy firm headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. The business acquisition was conducted by entering into a share purchase agreement for a cash consideration of $219 million and an additional consideration of up to $112 million, which the company refers to as deferred purchase price, estimated on the date of acquisition, payable to the selling shareholders of Lodestone Holding AG who are continuously employed or otherwise engaged by the Group during the three year period following the date of the acquisition.

The Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka sanctioned the scheme of amalgamation of Infosys Consulting India Limited (ICIL) with Infosys Limited with an effective date of August 23, 2013.

At our Annual General Meeting held on June 15, 2013, our shareholders approved a final dividend of $0.50 per equity share (27.00 per equity share), which in the aggregate resulted in a cash outflow of $302 million, inclusive of corporate dividend tax of $44 million.

On October 11, 2013, our board of directors declared an interim dividend of approximately $0.32 (20.00 per equity share) per equity share which will result in a cash outflow of approximately $215 million, inclusive of corporate dividend tax of $31 million.

The following table sets forth our revenues, net profit, earnings per equity share for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, and number of employees as at September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013:

(Dollars in millions except per share data)

	Six months ended September 30, 2013	Fiscal 2013
Revenues	$4,057	$7,398
Net profit	$801	$1,725
Earnings per equity share (Basic)*	$1.40	$3.02
Earnings per equity share (Diluted)*	$1.40	$3.02
Number of employees at the end of the period	160,227	156,688

* Refer note 2.20 of Item 1of this Quarterly Report.

We added 134 new customers (gross) during the six months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to 235 (including 36 clients from Infosys Lodestone) during fiscal 2013. For the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, 98.6% and 97.8%, respectively, of our revenues came from repeat business, which we define as revenue from a client who also contributed to our revenue during the prior fiscal year.

Revenues

Our revenues are generated principally from technology services provided on either a time-and-materials or a fixed-price, fixed-timeframe basis. Revenues from services provided on a time-and-materials basis are recognized as the related services are performed. Revenues from services provided on a fixed-price, fixed-timeframe basis are recognized pursuant to the percentage-of-completion method. Most of our client contracts, including those that are on a fixed-price, fixed-timeframe basis can be terminated by clients with or without cause, without penalties and with short notice periods of between 0 and 90 days. Since we collect revenues on contracts as portions of the contracts are completed, terminated contracts are only subject to collection for portions of the contract completed through the time of termination. Most of our contracts do not contain specific termination-related penalty provisions. In order to manage and anticipate the risk of early or abrupt contract terminations, we monitor the progress on all contracts and change orders according to their characteristics and the circumstances in which they occur. This includes a focused review of our ability and our client's ability to perform on the contract, a review of extraordinary conditions that may lead to a contract termination, and a review of historical client performance considerations. Since we also bear the risk of cost overruns and inflation with respect to fixed-price, fixed-timeframe projects, our operating results could be adversely affected by inaccurate estimates of contract completion costs and dates, including wage inflation rates and currency exchange rates that may affect cost projections. Losses on contracts, if any, are provided for in full in the period when determined. Although we revise our project completion estimates from time to time, such revisions have not, to date, had a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition. We also generate revenue from software application products, including banking software. Such software products represented 3.7% and 4.0% of our total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively.

We experience from time to time, pricing pressure from our clients. For example, clients often expect that as we do more business with them, they will receive volume discounts. Additionally, clients may ask for fixed-price, fixed-time frame arrangements or reduced rates. We attempt to use fixed-price arrangements for engagements where the specifications are complete, so individual rates are not negotiated.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales represented 64.9% and 62.7% of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Our cost of sales primarily consists of salary and other compensation expenses, depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, overseas travel expenses, cost of software purchased for internal use, third party items bought for service delivery to clients, cost of technical subcontractors, rent and data communication expenses. We depreciate our personal computers, mainframe computers and servers over two to five years and amortize intangible assets over their estimated useful life. Third party items bought for service delivery to clients are expensed.

We typically assume full project management responsibility for each project that we undertake. Approximately 72.5% and 73.3% of the total billed person-months for our services during the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively, were performed at our global development centers in India, and the balance of the work was performed at client sites and global development centers located outside India. The proportion of work performed at our facilities and at client sites varies from quarter to quarter. We charge higher rates and incur higher compensation and other expenses for work performed at client sites and global development centers located outside India. Services performed at a client site or at a global development center located outside India typically generate higher revenues per-capita at a lower gross margin than the same services performed at our facilities in India. As a result, our total revenues, cost of sales and gross profit in absolute terms and as a percentage of revenues fluctuate from quarter- to- quarter based in part on the proportion of work performed outside India. We hire subcontractors on a limited basis from time to time for our own technology development needs, and we generally do not perform subcontracted work for other technology service providers. For the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively, approximately 6.4% and 5.8% of our cost of sales was attributable to cost of technical subcontractors.

Revenues and gross profits are also affected by employee utilization rates. We define employee utilization as the proportion of total billed person months to total available person months, excluding administrative and support personnel. We manage utilization by monitoring project requirements and timetables. The number of software professionals that we assign to a project will vary according to the size, complexity, duration, and demands of the project. An unanticipated termination of a significant project could also cause us to experience lower utilization of technology professionals, resulting in a higher than expected number of unassigned technology professionals. In addition, we do not utilize our technology professionals when they are enrolled in training programs, particularly during our training course for new employees. Our utilization rate for technology professionals, including trainees, during the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013 were approximately 73.4% and 68.9% respectively. Similarly, our utilization rate for technology professionals, excluding trainees, during the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, was approximately 77.2% and 72.5% respectively.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses represented 5.5% and 5.0% of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Our selling and marketing expenses primarily consist of expenses relating to salaries and other compensation expenses of sales and marketing personnel, travel expenses, brand building, commission charges, rental for sales and marketing offices and telecommunications.

Administrative Expenses

Administrative expenses represented 7.0% and 6.5% of total revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Our administrative expenses primarily consist of expenses relating to salaries and other compensation expenses of senior management and other support personnel, travel expenses, legal and other professional fees, telecommunications, office maintenance, power and fuel charges, insurance, donations, other miscellaneous administrative costs and provisions for doubtful accounts receivable. The factors which affect the fluctuations in our provisions for bad debts and write offs of uncollectible accounts include the financial health of our clients and of the economic environment in which they operate. Other expenses for the six months ended September 30, 2013 include a provision of $35 million towards visa related matters. Refer note 2.20 of Item 1of this Quarterly Report.

Other Income

Other income includes interest income, income from certificates of deposit, income from available-for-sale financial assets, marked to market gains / (losses) on foreign exchange forward and option contracts and foreign currency exchange gains / (losses) on translation of other assets and liabilities. During the six months ended September 30, 2013, the interest income on deposits was $174 million and income from available-for-sale financial assets was $18 million. During the six months ended September 30, 2013, we also recorded a foreign exchange loss of $128 million on forwards and option contracts, partially offset by a foreign exchange gain of $117 million on translation of other assets and liabilities. For fiscal 2013, the interest income on deposits and certificates of deposit was $329 million and income from available-for-sale financial assets was $42 million. In fiscal 2013, we also recorded a foreign exchange gain of $33 million on translation of other assets and liabilities and a foreign exchange gain of $15 million on forward and options contracts.

Functional Currency and Foreign Exchange

The functional currency of Infosys, Infosys BPO and Infosys Consulting India is the Indian rupee. The functional currencies for Infosys Australia, Infosys China, Infosys Mexico, Infosys Sweden, Infosys Brasil, Infosys Public Services, Infosys Americas, Infosys Shanghai and Infosys Lodestone are the respective local currencies. The consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report are presented in U.S. dollars (rounded off to the nearest million) to facilitate global comparability. The translation of functional currencies of foreign operations to U.S. dollars is performed for assets and liabilities using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and for revenue, expenses and cash flow items using a monthly average exchange rate for the respective periods. The gains or losses resulting from such translation are included in other comprehensive income and presented as currency translation reserves under other components of equity.

Generally, Indian law requires residents of India to repatriate any foreign currency earnings to India. More specifically, Section 8 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, or FEMA, requires an Indian company to take all reasonable steps to realize and repatriate into India all foreign currency earned by the company outside India, within such time periods and in the manner specified by the Reserve Bank of India, or RBI. The RBI has promulgated guidelines that require the company to repatriate any realized foreign currency back to a foreign currency account such as an Exchange Earners Foreign Currency, or EEFC account with an authorized dealer in India, subject to the condition that the sum total of the accruals in the account during a calendar month should be converted into rupees on or before the last day of the succeeding calendar month, after adjusting for utilization of the balances for approved purposes or forward commitments.

We typically collect our earnings denominated in foreign currencies using a dedicated foreign currency account located in the local country of operation. In order to do this, we are required to obtain, and have obtained, approval from an authorized dealer, on behalf of the RBI, to maintain a foreign currency account in overseas countries.

Our failure to comply with RBI regulations could result in RBI enforcement actions against us.

Income Taxes

Our net profit earned from providing software development and other services outside India is subject to tax in the country where we perform the work. Most of our taxes paid in countries other than India can be applied as a credit against our Indian tax liability to the extent that the same income is subject to tax in India.

We have benefited from certain tax incentives the Government of India had provided to the export of software from specially designated software technology parks, or STPs, in India and we continue to benefit from certain tax incentives for facilities set up under the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005. However, the tax incentives provided by the Government of India for STPs have expired, and the profits earned from the STP units are now taxable. Under the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 scheme, units in designated special economic zones which begin providing services on or after April 1, 2005 are eligible for a deduction of 100 percent of profits or gains derived from the export of services for the first five years from commencement of provision of services and 50 percent of such profits or gains for a further five years. Certain tax benefits are also available for a further period of five years subject to the unit meeting defined conditions.

As a result of these tax incentives, a portion of our pre-tax income has not been subject to significant tax in recent years. These tax incentives resulted in a decrease in our income tax expense of $126 million and $202 million for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013, respectively, compared to the effective tax amounts that we estimate we would have been required to pay if these incentives had not been available. The per share effect of these tax incentives for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013 was $0.22 and $0.35, respectively. Refer Note 2.16 for reconciliation of the income tax provision to the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to the income before income taxes.

Our effective tax rate for the six months ended September 30, 2013 and fiscal 2013 was 27.4% and 26.3%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate to 27.4% for the six months ended September 30, 2013 was mainly due to increase in the statutory tax rate from 32.45% to 33.99% and an increase in non-deductible expenses, partially offset by an increase in revenue from SEZ units.

Pursuant to the enacted changes in the Indian Income Tax Laws effective April 1, 2007, a Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) has been extended to income in respect of which a deduction may be claimed under sections 10A and 10AA of the Income Tax Act. Consequent to the enacted change, Infosys BPO has calculated its tax liability for current domestic taxes after considering MAT. The excess tax paid under MAT provisions being over and above regular tax liability can be carried forward and set off against future tax liabilities computed under regular tax provisions. Infosys BPO was required to pay MAT, and, accordingly, a deferred income tax asset of $3 million and $7 million has been recognized on our balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, which can be carried forward for a period of ten years from the year of recognition.

In addition, the Finance Act, 2011, which became effective April 1, 2011, extended MAT to SEZ operating and SEZ developer units also, which means that income in respect of which a deduction may be claimed under section 10AA or 80IAB of the Income Tax Act has to be included in book profits for computing MAT liability. With the growth of our business in SEZ units, we may be required to compute our tax liability under MAT in future years.

We, as an Indian resident, are required to pay taxes in India on the entire global income in accordance with Section 5 of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, which is reflected as domestic taxes. The geographical segment disclosures on revenue in note 2.19.2 of Item 1 of this Quarterly Report are based on the location of customers and do not reflect the geographies where the actual delivery or revenue-related efforts occur. The income on which domestic taxes are imposed are not restricted to the income generated from the “India” geographic segment. As such, amounts applicable to domestic income taxes and foreign income taxes will not necessarily correlate to the proportion of revenue generated from India and other geographical segments as per the geographic segment disclosure set forth in note 2.19.2 of Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Results for the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012

Revenues

The following table sets forth the growth in our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 over the corresponding period in 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Revenues	$2,066	$1,797	$269	15.0%

The increase in revenues was attributable to an increase in business from most of the segments and also as a result of Infosys Lodestone acquisition.

The following table sets forth our revenues by industry segments for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

	Percentage of Revenues
	Three months ended
Industry Segments	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Financial services and insurance (FSI)	33.4%	33.7%
Manufacturing (MFG)	23.2%	22.1%
Energy, utilities, communication and services (ECS)	19.2%	20.2%
Retail, consumer packaged goods, logistics and life sciences (RCL)	24.2%	24.0%

During the three months ended September 30, 2013, the U.S. dollar appreciated against a majority of the currencies in which we transact business. The U.S. dollar appreciated by 1.9% and 11.5% against the United Kingdom Pound Sterling and Australian dollar respectively and depreciated by 6.3% against Euro as compared to the average rate during the three months ended September 30, 2012.

There were significant currency movements during the three months ended September 30, 2013. Had the average exchange rate between each of these currencies and the U.S. dollar remained constant, during the three months ended September 30, 2013 in comparison to the three months ended September 30, 2012, our revenues in constant currency terms for the three months ended September 30, 2013 would have been higher by $20 million at $2,086 million compared to our reported revenues of $2,066 million, resulting in a growth of 16.1% as against a reported growth of 15.0%.

The following table sets forth our industry segment profit (revenues less identifiable operating expenses and allocated expenses) as a percentage of industry segment revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 (refer note 2.19.1 under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report):

Industry Segments	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Financial services and insurance (FSI)	26.4%	31.1%
Manufacturing (MFG)	20.9%	28.0%
Energy, utilities, communication and services (ECS)	28.4%	24.2%
Retail, consumer packaged goods, logistics and life sciences (RCL)	22.0%	31.3%

The segment profitability has declined due to compensation increases given to offshore and onsite employees during the last 12 months, adverse cross currency movements and increase in onsite effort mix. The segment profitability has also declined due to provision of $35 million towards visa related matters.

For the three months ended September 30, 2012, contingency loss provisions were booked on certain large complex system integration projects for ECS segment.

Our revenues are also segmented into onsite and offshore revenues. Onsite revenues are for those services which are performed at client sites or at our global development centres outside India, as part of software projects, while offshore revenues are for services which are performed at our software development centres located in India. The table below sets forth the percentage of our revenues by location for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

	Percentage of revenues
	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Onsite	52.5%	50.7%
Offshore	47.5%	49.3%

The services performed onsite typically generate higher revenues per-capita, but at lower gross margins in percentage as compared to the services performed at our own facilities in India. The table below sets forth details of billable hours expended for onsite and offshore for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Onsite	25.6%	24.3%
Offshore	74.4%	75.7%

The revenues and billed effort expended for onsite increased due to increase in consulting revenues as a proportion of the overall revenue, as consulting services predominantly have higher onsite composition, as compared to other service offerings.

Revenues from services represented 96.3% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to 96.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2012. Sales of our software products represented 3.7% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to 3.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2012.

The following table sets forth the revenues from fixed-price, fixed-timeframe contracts and time-and-materials contracts as a percentage of services revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

	Percentage of total services revenues
	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Fixed-price, fixed-time frame contracts	40.2%	40.4%
Time-and-materials contracts	59.8%	59.6%

The following table sets forth the utilization rates of billable employees for services and software application products, excluding business process outsourcing services:

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Including trainees	74.5%	69.5%
Excluding trainees	78.7%	73.4%

The following table sets forth our revenues by geographic segments for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

Geographic Segments	Percentage of revenues
	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
North America	61.5%	63.8%
Europe	24.0%	21.9%
India	2.4%	1.7%
Rest of the World	12.1%	12.6%

A focus of our growth strategy is to expand our business to parts of the world outside North America, including Europe, Australia and other parts of Asia, as we expect that increases in the proportion of revenues generated from customers outside of North America would reduce our dependence upon our sales to North America and the impact on us of economic downturns in that region.

The following table sets forth our geographic segment profit (revenues less identifiable operating expenses and allocated expenses) as a percentage of geographic segment revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 (refer to note 2.19.2 under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report):

Geographic Segments	Three months ended,
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
North America	22.3%	30.9%
Europe	26.5%	27.7%
India	38.0%	(13.3)%
Rest of the World	28.8%	27.8%

The segment profitability has declined due to compensation increases given to offshore and onsite employees during the last 12 months, adverse cross currency movements and increase in onsite effort mix. The segment profitability for North America has also declined due to provision of $35 million towards visa related matters

For the three months ended September 30, 2012, contingency loss provisions were booked on certain large complex system integration projects for India geography.

During the three months ended September 30, 2013, the total billed person-months for our services other than business process management grew by 11.5% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. The onsite and offshore billed person-months for our services other than business process management grew by 15.7% and 9.6% during the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. The billed effort for onsite increased due to higher consulting revenues pursuant to Lodestone acquisition as a proportion of the overall revenue. During the three months ended September 30, 2013 there was a 0.2% increase in offshore revenue productivity, and 2.7% increase in the onsite revenue productivity as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012. On a blended basis, the revenue productivity increased by 3.0% during the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012.

Cost of sales

The following table sets forth our cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Cost of sales	$1,337	$1,114	$223	20.0%
As a percentage of revenues	64.7%	62.0%

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Employee benefit costs	$1,083	$886	$197
Deferred purchase price pertaining to acquisition (Refer note 2.3 under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report)	7	–	7
Depreciation and amortization	54	50	4
Travel costs	58	55	3
Cost of technical sub-contractors	84	62	22
Cost of software packages for own use	23	24	(1)
Third party items bought for service delivery to clients	6	6	–
Operating lease payments	8	7	1
Consumables	1	3	(2)
Communication costs	7	5	2
Repairs and maintenance	4	3	1
Provision for post-sales client support	(1)	11	(12)
Consultancy & professional charges	–	1	(1)
Other expenses	3	1	2
Total	$1,337	$1,114	$223

The increase in cost of sales during the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 was attributable primarily to an increase in our employee benefit costs and cost of technical sub-contractors The increase in employee benefit costs during the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 was primarily due to compensation increase given to employees during the last 12 months and acquisition of Lodestone. The increase in cost of technical sub-contractors was due to increased engagement of technical sub-contractors to meet certain skill requirements in large projects.

Gross profit

The following table sets forth our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Gross profit	$729	$683	$46	6.7%
As a percentage of revenues	35.3%	38.0%

The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 is attributable to an increase in cost of sales as a percentage of revenue, during the same period.

Selling and marketing expenses

The following table sets forth our selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Selling and marketing expenses	$120	$92	$28	30.4%
As a percentage of revenues	5.8%	5.1%

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Employee benefit costs	$101	$71	$30
Travel costs	8	9	(1)
Branding and marketing	6	7	(1)
Operating lease payments	1	1	–
Commission	2	2	–
Consultancy and professional charges	–	1	(1)
Communication Costs	1	1	–
Other expenses	1	–	1
Total	$120	$92	$28

The increase in selling and marketing expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 was attributable to an increase in employee benefit costs as a result of increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel and compensation increases given to sales and marketing personnel during the last 12 months.

Administrative expenses

The following table sets forth our administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Administrative expenses	$158	$119	$39	32.8%
As a percentage of revenues	7.6%	6.6%

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Employee benefit costs	$44	$34	$10
Consultancy and professional charges	16	23	(7)
Office maintenance	16	14	2
Repairs and maintenance	2	5	(3)
Power and fuel	9	10	(1)
Communication costs	10	10	–
Travel costs	5	6	(1)
Rates and taxes	4	4	–
Operating lease payments	3	3	–
Insurance charges	2	2	–
Postage and courier	1	–	1
Printing and stationery	1	–	1
Provisions for doubtful accounts receivable	6	2	4
Donations	–	2	(2)
Other expenses	39	4	35
Total	$158	$119	$39

The increase in administrative expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 was primarily due to an increase in employee benefit costs, partially offset by decrease in consultancy and professional charges. Other expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 include a provision of $35 million towards visa related matters. Refer note 2.20 under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Operating profit

The following table sets forth our operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Operating profit	$451	$472	$(21)	(4.4)%
As a percentage of revenues	21.8%	26.3%

The decrease in operating profit as a percentage of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 from the three months ended September 30, 2012 was attributable to a decline of 2.7% in gross profit as a percentage of revenue, a 0.7% increase in selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue and a 1.0% increase in administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Other income

The following table sets forth our other income for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012:

(Dollars in millions)

	Three months ended		Change	Percentage Change
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
Other income, net	$81	$129	$(48)	(37.2)%

Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2013 includes interest income of $83 million on deposits, income of $10 million from available-for-sale financial assets, a foreign exchange loss of $57 million on forward and options contracts, partially offset by a foreign exchange gain of $43 million on translation of other assets and liabilities and miscellaneous income of $2 million. Interest income is primarily earned in Indian rupees and therefore a 14.4% depreciation in the average exchange rate as compared to three months ended September 30, 2012 has also impacted the same. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2012 includes interest income of $79 million on deposits and certificates of deposit, income from available-for-sale financial assets of $11 million, miscellaneous income of $10 million and foreign exchange gain of $69 million on forward and options contracts, partially offset by a foreign exchange loss of $40 million on translation of other assets and liabilities.

We generate substantially all of our revenues in foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar, the United Kingdom Pound Sterling, Euro and the Australian dollar, whereas we incur a majority of our expenses in Indian rupees. The exchange rate between the Indian rupee and the U.S. dollar has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future. Consequently, the results of our operations are adversely affected as the Indian rupee appreciates against the U.S. dollar. Foreign exchange gains and losses arise from the appreciation and depreciation of the Indian rupee against other currencies in which we transact business and from foreign exchange forward and option contracts.

The following table sets forth the currency in which our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 were denominated:

Currency	Percentage of Revenues
	Three months ended
	September 30, 2013	September 30, 2012
U.S. dollar	69.5%	71.9%