Unassociated Document
No.
812-13313
U.S.
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT
NO. 1 AMENDING AND RESTATING AN APPLICATION FOR AN ORDER PURSUANT TO SECTION
6(c) OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 (the "ACT") GRANTING AN EXEMPTION
FROM SECTIONS 23(a), 23(b), 23(c) AND 63 OF THE ACT, AND PURSUANT TO SECTIONS
57(a)(4) AND 57(i) OF THE ACT AND RULE 17d-1 UNDER THE ACT AUTHORIZING CERTAIN
JOINT TRANSACTIONS OTHERWISE PROHIBITED BY SECTION 57(a)(4) OF THE ACT, AND
PURSUANT TO SECTION 61(b)(3)(B) OF THE ACT*
HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
1450
Broadway
24th
Floor
New York,
New York 10018
(212)
582-0900
All
Communications, Notices and Orders to:
Sandra M.
Forman, Esq.
General
Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer
Harris
& Harris Group, Inc.
1450
Broadway
24th
Floor
New York,
New York 10018
(212)
582-0900
Copies
to:
Richard
Prins, Esq.
Skadden,
Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
Four
Times Square
New York,
New York 10036
May 24,
2010
* Explanatory note: This
filing was originally filed on the EDGAR system on May 21, 2010 with accession
number 0001144204-10-029623. It is being re-filed to correct the SEC File number
under which it was incorrectly transmitted by our filing agent on May 21, 2010.
UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
Before
the
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
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In
the Matter of
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AMENDMENT
NO. 1 AMENDING AND
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RESTATING
AN APPLICATION FOR AN
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ORDER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 6(c)
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OF
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT
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HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
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OF
1940 GRANTING AN EXEMPTION
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1450
BROADWAY, 24TH
FLOOR
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FROM
SECTIONS 23(a), 23(b), 23(c)
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NEW
YORK, NEW YORK 10018
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AND
63 OF THE ACT, AND PURSUANT
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TO
SECTIONS 57(a)(4) AND 57(i) OF
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THE
ACT AND RULE 17d-1 UNDER
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THE ACT
AUTHORIZING CERTAIN
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JOINT
TRANSACTIONS OTHERWISE
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File
No. 812-13313
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PROHIBITED
BY SECTION 57(a)(4), AND
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PURSUANT
TO SECTION 61(b)(3)(B) OF
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Investment
Company Act of 1940
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THE
ACT
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Harris
& Harris Group, Inc. ("Applicant"), an internally managed company that has
elected to be regulated as a business development company ("BDC") under Section
54(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Act"), hereby applies for an
order (the "Order") of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Act1 granting
an exemption from Sections 23(a), 23(b), 23(c) and 63 of the Act, and pursuant
to Sections 57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1 under the Act2 authorizing
certain joint transactions otherwise prohibited by Section 57(a)(4) of the Act,
and pursuant to Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act. The Order would permit Applicant
to (i) issue restricted shares of its common stock as part of the compensation
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Unless
otherwise indicated, all section references herein are to the 1940
Act.
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Unless
otherwise indicated, all rule references herein are to rules under the
1940 Act.
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package for certain participants in its Amended and Restated Equity
Incentive Plan (the "Amended and Restated Stock Plan"), (ii) grant stock options
to purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock ("Options") pursuant to the
Amended and Restated Stock Plan to directors of Applicant who are not officers
or employees of Applicant ("Non-Employee Directors") to purchase shares of
Applicant’s common stock, (iii) withhold shares of the Applicant’s common stock
or purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock from participants to satisfy tax
withholding obligations relating to the vesting of restricted stock or the
exercise of Options that were or will be granted pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan, and (iv) permit participants to pay the exercise price of
Options that were or will be granted to them pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan with shares of Applicant’s common stock already held by
them.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
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I. BACKGROUND
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Applicant
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Applicant’s
Historical and Current Incentive Compensation Program
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II. EXEMPTION
TO ISSUE RESTRICTED STOCK
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Reason
for Request
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Compensation
Practices in the Venture Capital and
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Asset
Management Industry
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Use
of Restricted Stock
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Successfully
Competing with Private Venture Capital Firms
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Developing
Alignment in Business Strategy, Shareholder
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Interests
and Employee Interests
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Managing
Dilution and Cash Expenses
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The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan
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Applicable
Law and Need for Relief
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Requested
Order
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Applicant's
Legal Arguments
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Similarity
to Issuances Currently Permitted under the
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Act
for Employees
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Prior
Commission Orders Relating to Employee Compensation
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Standards
for Exemption Under Section 6(c)
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Standards
for an Order Under Rule 17d-1
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Applicant's
Conditions with Respect to Issuance of Restricted Stock
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III.
EXEMPTION TO PERMIT APPLICANT TO WITHHOLD SHARES TO SATISFY TAX
WITHHOLDING OBLIGATIONS AND
PARTICIPANTS TO PAY THE EXERCISE PRICE OF OPTIONS WITH STOCK ALREADY
OWNED
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Reason
for Request
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Tax
Consequences of Restricted Stock Awards |
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Tax
Consequences of Stock Option Awards |
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Applicable
Law and Need for Relief
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Requested
Order
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Applicant's
Legal Arguments
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Precedent |
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IV.
EXEMPTION TO PERMIT APPLICANT TO ISSUE STOCK OPTIONS
TO NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS
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Reason
for Request
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Applicable
Law and Need for Relief
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Requested
Order
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Applicant's
Legal Arguments
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Conclusion
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Procedural
Matters
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Communications
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Authorizations
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Applicant
Applicant
is an internally managed venture capital company specializing in nanotechnology
and microsystems that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the
Act. Applicant is headquartered in New York, New York, with an
additional office in Palo Alto, California. Applicant was
incorporated under the laws of the state of New York in August
1981. In 1983, Applicant completed an initial public offering and
acquired a controlling interest in Otisville BioTech, Inc., which also completed
an initial public offering later that year. In 1984, Charles E.
Harris purchased a controlling interest in Applicant and became the control
person in Otisville. Applicant subsequently divested its other assets
and became a financial services company.
By 1988, Applicant operated two
insurance brokerages and a trust company as wholly owned
subsidiaries. In 1992, Applicant sold its insurance brokerage and
trust company subsidiaries to their respective managements and registered as an
investment company under the Act, commencing operations as a closed-end,
non-diversified investment company. In 1995, Applicant elected to
become a BDC subject to the provisions of Sections 55 through 65 of the
Act.
Since
2001, Applicant has made initial venture capital investments exclusively in
nanotechnology and microsystems, which it sometimes refers to as “tiny
technology.” Applicant considers a company to be a tiny technology
company if the company employs or intends to employ technology that Applicant
considers to be at the microscale or smaller and if the employment of that
technology is material to its business plan. Applicant's
entire portfolio now consists of investments exclusively in companies
commercializing and integrating products enabled by nanotechnology or
microsystems.
As of March 31, 2010, Applicant had 33
portfolio companies in its venture capital portfolio. Shares of
Applicant’s common stock are traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol
"TINY." As of March 31, 2010, there were 30,862,246 shares of
Applicant’s common stock outstanding.
Applicant
currently has a 10 member board of directors (the "Board") of whom eight are
non-interested persons of Applicant within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19), and
two are considered "interested persons" of Applicant. Of those two,
one is a Non-Employee Director who has done a modest amount of consulting work
for the Applicant. As of March 31, 2010, Applicant had 11
employees.
For tax
purposes, Applicant has elected, and intends to continue to elect, to be treated
as a "regulated investment company" (a "RIC") within the meaning of Section 851
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), to be entitled to
the benefits accorded under Part I of Subchapter M of the Code ("Subchapter
M"). Because of the specialized nature of its investment portfolio,
Applicant has received periodic certifications from the Commission, in order to
satisfy the diversification requirements under Subchapter M of the Code, that it
is "principally engaged in the furnishing of capital to other corporations which
are principally engaged in the development or exploitation of inventions,
technological improvements, new processes, or products not previously generally
available." The directors of Applicant currently plan to declare
"undistributed capital gains" dividends, or "deemed dividends," rather than cash
distributions, in order to grow the capital of Applicant. In 2005,
Applicant declared a deemed dividend of $23,206,763, or $1.11805631 per
share. In 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, Applicant did not declare a
deemed dividend.
Applicant’s
Historical and Current Incentive Compensation Programs
On August
3, 1989, when Applicant was an operating company, the shareholders of Applicant
approved the 1988 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "1988
Plan"). The 1988 Plan provided for the grant of stock-based awards,
including incentive stock options and non-qualified options to officers,
directors, and employees, up to a maximum of 1,200,000 shares of applicant's
common stock. On July 25, 1995, the Company received an order under
Sections 6(c) and 61(a) of the Act granting an exemption from Sections 18(d),
23(b), 61(a)(3)(B) and 61(b) permitting options and warrants issued to certain
officers and non-employee directors to remain exercisable pursuant to their
terms as if they had been issued pursuant to an executive compensation plan
conforming with Section 61(a)(3)(B).3 On March 12, 1996, the Company
received an order under Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act authorizing the Company
to issue Options to its non-employee directors.4 The 1988 Plan was cancelled as of December 31,
1997, canceling all outstanding Options and eliminating all potential Option
grants.
As of January 1, 1998, the Company
implemented the Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Employee Profit-Sharing Plan
that provided for profit sharing equal to 20 percent of the net realized income
of the Company as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for
such year (excluding the profit-sharing expense), less the nonqualifying gain,
if any. The 1998 Plan was amended as of January 1, 2000 and January
1, 2003 (the "Profit-Sharing Plan").
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See
Harris & Harris
Group, Inc., SEC Rel. No. IC-21250 (July 25,
1995).
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4
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See
Harris & Harris
Group, Inc., Investment Company Act Release No. 21822 (March 12,
1996).
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For
purposes of the Profit-Sharing Plan, Applicant's net realized income included
investment income, realized gains and losses, and operating expenses (including
taxes paid or payable by us), but was calculated without including dividends
paid or distributions made to shareholders, payments under the Profit-Sharing
Plan, accruals for profit sharing, unrealized gains and losses, and loss
carry-overs from other years, which net realized income Applicant refers to as
qualifying income. The proportion of net after-tax realized gains
attributable to asset values as of September 30, 1997, was considered
nonqualifying gain, which reduced qualifying income. As soon as
practicable following the year-end, the compensation committee of the Company
comprised solely of directors who are not interested persons (as defined in
Section 2(a)(19)) (the "Compensation Committee") would determine whether, and if
so how much, qualifying income existed for a plan year. Ninety
percent of the amount determined by the Compensation Committee was then paid out
to Plan participants pursuant to the distribution percentages set forth in the
Profit-Sharing Plan. The remaining 10 percent was paid out after
Applicant filed its federal tax return for that plan year.
Section
57(n) of the Act prohibits the Applicant from paying profit sharing in an amount
that exceeds "net income after taxes." When Applicant chooses to
retain its net realized long-term capital gains for reinvestment for growth and
declares a deemed dividend, rather than distribute such gains as a cash
dividend, the staff of the Commission has determined that the taxes paid by
Applicant on behalf of shareholders (who receive a tax credit for such taxes)
reduce the amount of profit against which the profit sharing payable to
employees is calculated. The practical effect of deducting the taxes
paid on behalf of shareholders in conjunction with deemed dividends from "net
income after taxes" in any fiscal year is to reduce the maximum payment under
profit sharing plans governed by Section 57(n)(1)(B) to less than 13 percent of
our net income before these taxes (20% of 65% of the pre-tax profit (reflecting
the 35% Federal income tax rate) before adjustment for state and local
taxes).
Because
Applicant must compete with private sector venture capital firms to hire and
retain personnel, and private sector venture capital firms typically have a
carried interest of at least 20 percent of profits before any taxes, and that
carried interest is usually in the form of long-term capital gains, not ordinary
income, Applicant would be placed at a serious competitive disadvantage as a
result of the taxes as described above. Although Applicant could
avoid this result by paying cash dividends in respect of its long-term gains,
cash dividends would increase the cost of building Applicant’s capital and would
not, in the view of the Board of Directors, be in the best interests of
Applicant and its shareholders if other reasonably competitive compensation
structures can be utilized.
Accordingly,
on March 21, 2006, and March 23, 2006, the Compensation Committee and the Board
voted to terminate the Profit Sharing Plan and established the Harris &
Harris Group, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Stock Plan"). The
Stock Plan was approved by shareholders of Applicant on May 4,
2006.
The Stock
Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards of restricted stock (subject
to the receipt of this exemptive relief) and Options to our directors, officers
and other employees (the "Participants and each a
"Participant"). Both restricted stock and, to a limited extent,
Options, provide the opportunity for recipients to earn long-term capital gain
and both components of the Stock Plan enable Applicant to build capital more
efficiently than would the Profit-Sharing Plan. As of December 31,
2009, there were 4,184,503 Options outstanding. The Stock Plan
provides for standard anti-dilution adjustments. However, no such
adjustments will be made except pursuant to written assurance from the staff of
the Commission or exemptive relief from the Commission. Applicant
proposes to amend and restate the Stock Plan (the "Amended and Restated Stock
Plan") in the form presented in Exhibit A. The Amended and Restated
Stock Plan provides for the periodic issuance of: (1) Options to its
Non-Employee Directors; and (2) Options and shares of restricted stock (i.e., stock that is subject
to forfeiture unless specified employee retention and/or performance
requirements are satisfied, and thus is restricted as to its transferability
from the time of issuance until the requirements to avoid such forfeiture have
been satisfied) (the "Restricted Stock"), to employees and officers
of Applicant. It also permits participants to pay the exercise price
of Options that were or will be granted to them pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan with shares of Applicant’s common stock already held by
them. Unless sooner terminated by the Board, the Amended and Restated
Stock Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary of its effective date, which
will be the date on which the Applicant obtains shareholder approval of the
Amended and Restated Stock Plan.
II.
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EXEMPTION
TO ISSUE RESTRICTED STOCK
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Applicant is applying for an order of
the Commission pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Act granting an exemption from
Sections 23(a), 23(b), 23(c) and 63 of the Act, and pursuant to
Sections 57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1 under the Act so as to
enable Applicant to issue restricted stock to its officers and employees
pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan, and pursuant to Section
61(b)(3)(B) of the Act.
Reason for
Request
Compensation
Practices in the Venture Capital and Asset Management
Industry
Applicant
believes that, because the market for highly qualified investment professionals
is highly competitive, Applicant’s success depends on its ability to offer
compensation packages to its professionals that are competitive with those
offered by other venture capital firms and investment management
businesses. While Applicant recognizes that employee retention is
critical for all companies, Applicant also believes that the highly technical,
specialized nature of the Company's investments in nanotechnology and
microsystems, and the small size of its employee base relative to its assets
make employee retention even more critical for Applicant. In that
regard, the ability to offer equity-based compensation to its professionals,
which both aligns employee behavior with shareholder interests and provides a
retention tool, is vital to Applicant’s future growth and success.
The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan would enable Applicant to offer the employees
compensation packages that are more competitive with those offered by other
venture capital businesses, which would enhance the ability of Applicant to hire
and retain superior senior management and other key
personnel. Offering competitive compensation packages is critical to
Applicant's ability to generate the best possible risk-adjusted returns for its
shareholders.
Use
of Restricted Stock
Applicant
strongly believes that the most appropriate form of equity-based compensation
that it can offer is Options combined with Restricted Stock. Relative
to other forms of equity-based compensation, Restricted Stock will allow
Applicant to (1) compete more successfully with private venture capital firms
for skilled employees; (2) develop superior alignment of Applicant's business
strategy, shareholder interests and employee interests; and (3) manage dilution
and cash expenses associated with equity-based compensation and salaries and
bonuses. Applicant believes the Restricted Stock will have a clear
and meaningful benefit to its shareholders and its business prospects that
supports approval of this application.
Successfully
Competing with Private Venture Capital Firms
In order
to compete successfully with private venture capital firms for talented
portfolio and business management personnel, Applicant ideally would be able to
pass through to its employees, in the form of long-term capital gain payments,
at least 20 percent of the net realized income (which in a venture capital fund
is substantially entirely long-term capital gain under current law) of Applicant
over time. Inasmuch as Applicant, as a publicly traded corporation,
cannot utilize the passthrough of capital gain payments to its employees that is
available to the general partners of venture capital partnerships and desires to
build capital rather than make cash payments to its shareholders and employees,
the equity-based compensation structure that Applicant believes comes closest to
replicating the venture capital fund structure is Restricted
Stock. Restricted Stock requires no cash outlay by
Applicant. Furthermore, an employee who receives Restricted Stock and
pays tax at ordinary rates based on the value of the stock at the time of
receipt will be able to treat as long-term gain any subsequent appreciation
prior to sale.
Developing
Alignment in Business Strategy, Shareholder Interests
and Employee Interests
Alignment
of a company’s business strategy, its shareholder expectations and its employee
compensation is an important component of long-term business
success. Long-term business success is in the interest of Applicant’s
stockholders and employees. Applicant makes investments primarily in
privately held businesses that typically stay in its portfolio for five to ten
years. Its business strategy involves taking on investment risk over
an extended period of time. Since February 2002, when Applicant
announced its focus on tiny technology, Applicant's stock price has generally
traded at widely varying premiums, and even at discounts, to net asset
value.
Since
December 31, 2001, through December 31, 2009, Applicant's net asset value per
share has increased from $2.75 at December 31, 2001, to a high of $5.95 at June
30, 2008. Net asset value per share was $4.35 at December 31,
2009. During the same period, the stock price has fluctuated between
$1.80 and $23.60. The following chart illustrates Applicant's net
asset value and stock price from December 31, 2001 through December 31,
2009.
In light
of this history of volatility with respect to the stock price in relation to the
net asset value per share, Applicant's stock price may well decline even if
management is successful in increasing net asset value per share through making
successful investments. In that case, management's Options would be
worthless in spite of management doing a good job on behalf of
shareholders. Under these circumstances, the best way to align the
interests of management and the shareholders is to motivate management to remain
with Applicant and to continue to produce increases in net asset value by
granting Restricted Stock as well as Options, rather than only
Options.
Restricted
Stock has intrinsic value while Options represent an arbitrage on the strike
price of the option against the future value of the stock. Holders of Restricted
Stock, over time, become owners of the stock with a vested interest in value
maintenance and, importantly in Applicant’s case, appreciation and the tax
credits from the deemed dividends. These interests are completely
aligned with those of Applicant’s shareholders. Option holders only earn
compensation if the stock price increases and do not benefit from the tax
credits from deemed dividends or valuation protection, two elements that have
high priority for Applicant’s shareholders.
Moreover,
the private equity and private venture capital firms with which the Applicant
competes are able to pay higher total cash compensation, composed of salaries
and bonuses than the Applicant is able to pay because of the expenses that the
Applicant must pay that are related to the maintenance of its status as a
publicly held company. In addition, the private firms with which
Applicant must compete for personnel typically permit their employees to
co-invest with them, which Applicant is not permitted to do under the
Act.
Managing
Dilution and Cash Expenses
Dilution
is an important consideration for shareholders, and Restricted Stock is
inherently more predictable than Options. Because Restricted Stock
has intrinsic value, it takes fewer shares of Restricted Stock to generate a
similar level of economic benefit to employees. Applicant believes
that the availability of Restricted Stock awards may reduce the number of option
shares that it will need to grant in order to be competitive with the
compensation offered by private venture capital firms.
The
Applicant can also pay less cash compensation if it can issue Restricted Stock
to its employees. Holding down cash compensation, like declaring
deemed dividends rather than cash dividends, is significant to the Applicant's
ability to maximize its cash available for investments.
Applicant's
management and the Board, including the independent Compensation Committee of
the Board, have considered each of the factors discussed above and believe that
the issuance of Restricted Stock as a form of equity-based compensation is in
the best interest of Applicant’s shareholders, employees and
business.
The Amended and Restated
Stock Plan
The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan, a copy of which is attached to this Application
as Exhibit A, authorizes the issuance of Options and Restricted Stock subject to
certain forfeiture provisions. A maximum of twenty percent (20%) of
Applicant's total shares of common stock issued and outstanding (as of the
Effective Date or any date following it)5 will be available for awards under the plan,
subject to adjustment as described below. Shares issued under the
plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. If any
shares subject to an award granted under the plan are forfeited, cancelled,
exchanged or surrendered or if an award terminates or expires without an
issuance of shares, those shares will again be available for awards under the
plan. Under the plan, no more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the
shares of stock reserved for the grant of the awards under the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan may be Restricted Stock awards at any time during the term
of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan. The Restricted Stock will not
be transferable except for disposition by gift, will or intestacy.
5
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Effective
Date is defined in section 2(h) of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan as
the date on which the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is approved by
Applicant's shareholders.
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The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan will make Restricted Stock grants available to
employees recommended by the Compensation Committee, and only with the vote of
the Board. Each grant of Restricted Stock will be approved by the
"required majority of directors as defined in section 57(o) of the Act (the
"Required Majority").6 The restrictions on the Restricted
Stock may relate to continued employment, (lapsing either on an annual or other
periodic basis or on a "cliff" basis, i.e., at the end of a stated
period of time), the performance of the Applicant, or other restrictions deemed
by the Compensation Committee from time to time to be appropriate and in the
best interests of Applicant and its shareholders. The Restricted
Stock will be subject to restrictions on transferability and other restrictions
as required by the Compensation Committee from time to time. The
terms and conditions of awards of Restricted Stock granted under the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan will be determined by the Compensation Committee and set
forth in an award agreement between the Company and the award
recipient. The Compensation Committee may determine that the holder
of Restricted Stock may receive dividends, including deemed dividends, that may
be deferred during the restricted period applicable to these
awards.
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Section
57(o) provides that the term “required majority,” when used with respect
to the approval of a proposed transaction, plan, or arrangement, means
both a majority of a BDC’s directors or general partners who have no
financial interest in such transaction, plan or arrangement and a majority
of such directors or general partners who are not interested persons of
such company.
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Under the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan, no more than 1,000,000 shares of our common stock may be made subject to
awards under the plan to any individual in any year. If the Company
does not receive the Order to issue Restricted Stock, all shares granted under
the Amended and Restated Stock Plan may be subject to Options. If the
Company does receive such Order and issues twenty-five percent (25%) of the
shares of stock reserved for grant under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan as
Restricted Stock, no more than seventy-five percent (75%) of the shares granted
under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan may be subject to
Options.
Restricted Stock will be awarded to
certain employees and officers from time to time as part of the employees’
compensation based on an employee’s actual or expected performance and value to
the Applicant. The Board will have the general responsibility to
ensure that the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is operated in a manner that
best serves the interests of Applicant and its shareholders. All
awards of Restricted Stock will be approved by the Required
Majority. The date of grant will be the date on which the last of the
approvals required by the Act has been obtained. The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan will also be administered in a manner that is
consistent with the requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market.
The Stock Plan, which provides that
Restricted Stock will not be issued unless Applicant receives the Order, has
been approved by the Board, including the Required Majority. The
Stock Plan was approved by Applicant's shareholders on May 4,
2006. An Amended and Restated Stock Plan consistent with the relief
obtained in the requested order will be presented to Applicant’s shareholders
after the issuance of the order, and no Restricted Stock will be issued unless
the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is approved by the
shareholders.
Applicant
will comply with all disclosure requirements applicable to BDCs, including the
amended disclosure requirements for executive compensation, related party
transactions, director independence and other corporate governance matters, and
security ownership of officers to the extent adopted and applicable to BDCs and
Applicant.
Applicable Law and Need for
Relief
Section
63 makes applicable to BDCs the provisions of Section 23(a) generally
prohibiting a registered closed-end investment company from issuing securities
for services or for property other than cash or securities and of Section 23(b)
generally prohibiting a registered closed-end investment company from selling
any common stock of which it is the issuer at a price below the stock’s current
net asset value, except with the consent of a majority of the company’s common
stockholders or under certain other enumerated circumstances not applicable to
the Amended and Restated Stock Plan. Section 63(2) provides that,
notwithstanding Section 23(b), a BDC may sell any common stock of which it is
the issuer at a price below the current net asset value of such stock and may
sell warrants, options, or rights to acquire any such common stock at a price
below the current net asset value of such stock if, generally (1) a majority of
the BDC’s outstanding voting securities, and the holders of a majority of the
BDC’s voting securities who are not affiliated persons of the BDC, approved the
BDC’s policy and practice of making such sales of securities at the last annual
meeting of shareholders within one year immediately prior to any such sale; (2)
a "required majority" of the BDC’s directors (i.e., both a majority of directors
who have no financial interest in the transaction, plan or arrangement and a
majority of directors who are not interested persons of the BDC) have determined
that such sale would be in the best interests of the BDC and its shareholders;
and (3) a required majority of the BDC’s directors have determined immediately
prior to the issuance of such securities that the price at which such securities
are to be sold is not less than a price which closely approximates the market
value of those securities.
Because
Restricted Stock that would be granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan
would not meet the terms of Section 63(2), Section 23(b) would prevent the
issuance of the Restricted Stock.
Section 57(a) proscribes certain
transactions between a BDC and persons related to the BDC in the manner
described in Section 57(b) ("57(b) persons"), absent a Commission order. Section
57(a)(4) generally prohibits a 57(b) person from effecting a transaction in
which the BDC is a joint participant absent such order. Rule l7d-1,
made applicable to transactions subject to Sections 57(a)(4) by
Section 57(i) to the extent the Commission has not adopted a rule under Section
57(a)(4), generally proscribes participation in a "joint enterprise or other
joint arrangement or profit-sharing plan," which includes, pursuant to paragraph
17d-1(c), a stock option or purchase plan. Employees and directors of
a BDC are 57(b) persons. Thus, although a compensation plan involving
grants of restricted stock is not specifically referred to by Section 57(a)(4)
or Rule 17d-1, the issuance of shares of Restricted Stock could be deemed to
involve a joint transaction involving a BDC and a 57(b) person in contravention
of Section 57(a)(4).
Section
6(c) provides, in part, that the Commission may, by order upon application,
conditionally or unconditionally exempt any person, security, or transaction, or
any class or classes thereof, from any provision of the Act, if and to the
extent that the exemption is necessary or appropriate in the public interest and
consistent with the protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended by
the policy and provisions of the Act.
Rule
17d-l provides that the Commission may, by order upon application, grant relief
under Section 57(a)(4) and Rule 17d-1 permitting certain joint enterprises or
arrangements and profit-sharing plans. Rule 17d-1(b) further provides
that in passing upon such an application, the Commission will consider (i)
whether the participation of the BDC in such enterprise, arrangement, or plan is
consistent with the policies and purposes of the Act and (ii) the extent to
which such participation is on a basis different from or less advantageous than
that of other participants.
Requested
Order
Applicant
requests an Order of the Commission pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Act granting
an exemption from Sections 23(a), 23(b) and Section 63 of the Act, and pursuant
to Sections 57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1 under the Act
authorizing certain joint transactions otherwise prohibited by Section 57(a)(4)
of the Act and pursuant to Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act to permit Applicant to
issue shares of Restricted Stock pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan.
Applicant’s Legal
Arguments
The
Commission and Congress have recognized the need for certain types of investment
companies, including closed-end investment companies and BDCs, to be able to
offer their employees equity-based compensation. Applicant believes
that its ability to offer equity-based compensation in the form of the
Restricted Stock is necessary for Applicant to recruit and retain management
talent and align that talent with the interests of its
stockholders. Thus, Applicant believes that its request for an order
is consistent with the policies underlying the provisions of the Act permitting
the use of equity compensation by BDCs as well as prior exemptive relief granted
by the Commission.
Similarity
to Issuances Currently Permitted under the Act for Employees
Congress
recognized the importance of equity-based compensation as a means of attracting
and retaining qualified management personnel, including non-employee directors,
in the Small Business Investment Incentive Act of 1980 (the "1980
Amendments"). Section 61, enacted as part of the 1980 Amendments,
permits BDCs to issue to their officers, employees, and general partners
warrants, options, and rights to purchase voting securities of such companies
pursuant to executive compensation plans in compliance with certain
conditions.7 Applicant
believes that the issuance of Restricted Stock to Applicant’s officers and
employees, including any officer or employee who is also a director, for
purposes of investor protection under the Act, is substantially similar to what
is currently permitted under Section 61.
7
|
See
Section 61(a)(3)(B) of
the Act.
|
Applicant
is not aware of any specific discussion in the legislative history of the 1980
Amendments regarding the use of direct grants of stock as incentive
compensation; however, the legislative history recognizes the crucial role that
equity-based compensation played in the operation of a private equity fund and
its ability to attract and retain employees. Congress endowed BDCs
with the ability to issue derivative securities to employees in order to ensure
that BDCs would be able to compete for skilled personnel in light of
compensation practices as they existed in 1980. In the late 1970s,
direct grants of stock were not a widely used form of
compensation. In fact, publications in the late 1970s indicate that
it was stock options — which the 1980 Amendments made permissible for use by
BDCs — that were the most widely used type of incentive compensation.8
Prior
Commission Orders Relating to Employee Compensation
Order Relating to the Use of
Restricted Stock by a BDC
The important role that restricted
stock can play in attracting and retaining qualified personnel has been
expressly recognized by the Commission with respect to BDCs.
8
|
‘See,
"Successors to the Qualified Stock Option" Harvard Business Review
(Jan/Feb. 1978) stating: "Stock options predominate among the long-term
incentives for executives" and "Restricted stock, once widely used in
executive compensation, declined in popularity after the 1969 tax law
changes and is now a rarity." See also, "Annual Survey of Executive
Compensation" Business Week (May 14, 1979) stating: "Most companies still
use stock option grants and appreciation rights as their predominant
incentives."
|
MCG Capital
Corporation. On April 4, 2006, the Commission issued an order
granting MCG Capital Corporation (“MCG Capital”) relief under Sections 6(c),
57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1 thereunder (the "MCG
Order"). The MCG Order permits MCG Capital Corporation, a BDC, to
issue restricted stock pursuant to its equity-based employee and director
compensation plans.9
Main Street Capital
Corporation. On January 16, 2008, the Commission issued an
order granting Main Street Capital Corporation and certain affiliated entities
relief under Sections 6(c), 57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1
thereunder (the “Main Street Order”). The Main Street Order permits
Main Street Capital Corporation and certain affiliated entities to issue
restricted stock pursuant to its equity-based employee compensation plan.10
Triangle Capital
Corporation. On March 18, 2008, the Commission issued an order
granting Triangle Capital Corporation (“Triangle”) relief under Sections 6(c),
57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act and Rule 17d-1 thereunder (the “Triangle
Order”). The Triangle Order permits Triangle, a BDC, to issue
restricted stock pursuant to its equity-based employee and director compensation
plan.11
Orders Relating to Use of
Equity-Based Compensation by Internally-Managed Closed-End
Investment Companies
The
important role that equity compensation can play in attracting and retaining
qualified personnel has been expressly recognized by the Commission with respect
to internally-managed closed-end investment companies.
9
|
See
MCG Capital
Corporation, Investment Company Act Release No. 27280 (April 4,
2006).
|
10
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Main Street Capital Corporation,
Investment Company Act Release No. 28120 (January 16,
2008).
|
11
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In the Matter of Triangle
Capital Corporation, Investment Company Act Release No. 28196
(March 18, 2008).
|
Baker, Fentress & Company
and Adams Express
Company, et, al. In 1998, the Commission issued an order
granting Baker, Fentress & Company ("Baker Fentress") exemptive relief from
Sections 17(a) and (d), 18(d), and 23(a), (b), and (c) and Rule
17d-1. More recently, in 2005, the Commission issued a similar order
granting Adams Express Company and Petroleum and Resources Corporation ("Adams
Express") exemptive relief from Sections 17(d), 18(d), and 23(a), (b), and (c)
and Rule 17d-1. These orders permitted the companies to implement broad
equity-based compensation plans that included the issuance of restricted stock
to their employees.12
Although
each of the plans permitted under the Adams Express Order and Baker Fentress
Order provides a distinct method of providing for equity-based compensation, the
fundamental purpose of each is similar; awarding individuals equity-based
compensation for competitive purposes, and each was deemed ultimately to benefit
the shareholders of the underlying investment company. Importantly,
relief in each of the above cases was granted to closed-end funds that had not
elected BDC status and, thus, were not within the class of entities that, like
Applicant, Congress had determined should be allowed to issue equity
compensation to officers, employees and directors. Applicant will not
issue any shares of Restricted Stock to Non-Employee Directors.
Standards for Exemption Under Section
6(c)
Section
6(c), which governs Applicant’s request for exemptive relief from Sections 23
provides, in part, that the Commission may, by order upon application,
conditionally or unconditionally exempt any person, security, or transaction, or
any class or classes thereof, from any provisions of the Act, if and to the
extent that such exemption is necessary or appropriate in the public interest
and consistent with the protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended
by the Act’s policy and provisions.
12
|
See Baker, Fentress &
Company, Investment Company Act Release No. 23619 (Dec. 22, 1998)
(the "Baker Fentress Order") and Adams Express Company,
et. al, Investment Company Act Release No. 26780 (March 8, 2005) (the
"Adams Express Order"). Applicant notes that, in each of their respective
applications, Adams Express and Baker Fentress cited the legislative
history of the 1980 Amendments as standing for the idea that Congress had
recognized the importance of equity-based compensation as a means of
attracting and retaining qualified management personnel. Both Adams
Express and Baker Fentress received orders from the Commission permitting
the issuance of equity-based compensation, including direct grants of
stock. Baker Fentress and Adams Express were also granted relief to issue
stock options to their non-employee
directors.
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Necessary or Appropriate in
the Public Interest
As
indicated above, both the Commission and Congress have long recognized the
importance of equity-based compensation in attracting and retaining qualified
personnel. Applicant submits that maintaining the ability of a BDC that
identifies, invests in and actively works with early stage growth oriented
companies to attract and retain highly qualified personnel is in the public
interest, including the interests of Applicant’s
shareholders. Applicant competes for talented personnel primarily
with private venture capital firms, and secondarily with investment banks,
private equity funds, and other financial services companies that also are not
investment companies registered under the Act and are not subject to the
limitations of the Act. These organizations are able to offer all types of
equity-based compensation to their employees and directors, including restricted
stock, and, therefore, have an advantage over Applicant and its subsidiaries in
attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. For Applicant to
compete on a more equal basis with such organizations, it must be able to
attract and retain talented personnel and offer them comparable compensation
packages.
With
respect to Applicant's primary competition, private venture capital funds,
Applicant has proportionately greater overhead unrelated to its investment
personnel and therefore cannot pay total salaries and bonuses as high as those
of its competition without increasing its total
overhead. Availability of Restricted Stock would enable Applicant to
substitute Restricted Stock for overall cash compensation, and compensate for
the loss of the carried interest that our investment professionals would receive
at a private venture capital firm, among other things.
The Amended and Restated Stock Plan
will enhance the ability of Applicant to compensate its personnel competitively,
while also aligning the interests of its personnel with the success of the
company and the interests of its shareholders and preserving cash for further
investment.
Consistency with the
Protection of Investors
Investors
will be protected to at least the same extent that they are currently protected
under Section 61(a)(3). The Amended and Restated Stock Plan will be
approved by shareholders in accordance with Section 61(a)(3)(A)(iv) of the
Act. A proxy statement submitted to Applicant’s shareholders will
contain a concise "plain English" description of the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan and its potential dilutive effect. If the Amended and Restated
Stock Plan is not approved by shareholders, it will not be
implemented. Furthermore, each issuance of Restricted Stock will be
approved by the Required Majority of directors on the basis that the issuance is
in the best interests of Applicant and its shareholders. Applicant is
subject to the standards and guidelines adopted by the Financial Accounting
Standards Board for operating companies relating to the accounting for and
disclosure of the Restricted Stock, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
("Exchange Act") requirements relating to executive compensation
disclosure.
Based on
the manner in which the issuance of Restrictive Stock pursuant to the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan will be administered, the Restricted Stock will be no
more dilutive than if Applicant were to only issue Options, as is permitted by
Section 61(a)(3). Because it takes fewer shares of Restricted Stock,
as compared with Options, to compensate an employee at the same level, the
number of shares of Restricted Stock awarded would be fewer than the number of
shares on which an employee would have to be given an
Option. Furthermore, there is a limit on the total number of shares
that Applicant can issue under the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan. Applicant acknowledges that awards granted under the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan may have a dilutive effect on the shareholders’ equity
per share in Applicant, but believes that effect would be outweighed by the
anticipated benefits of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan to Applicant and its
shareholders.
Section
61(a)(3) provides that the amount of voting securities that would result from
the exercise of all of a BDC’s outstanding warrants, options, or rights, at the
time of issuance, may not exceed 25 percent of the outstanding voting securities
of such BDC, except that if the amount of voting securities that would result
from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, options, and rights issued to
such BDC’s directors, officers, and employees, would exceed 15 percent of the
outstanding voting securities of such BDC, then the total amount of voting
securities that would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants,
options, and rights, at the time of issuance shall not exceed 20 percent of the
outstanding voting securities of such BDC. A maximum of 20 percent of
our total shares of our common stock issued and outstanding will be available
for awards under the plan. Under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan,
the maximum amount of Restricted Stock that may be outstanding at any particular
time will be five percent of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock
of Applicant.
Consistency with the
Purposes of the Act
As
indicated earlier, Applicant is at a disadvantage in competing with other
financial services companies, particularly private venture capital firms, in
attracting and retaining management personnel because it cannot offer shares of
the company in the form of Restricted Stock as part of a compensation plan that
would have a long-term capital gain component and its overhead associated with
being publicly held reduces the cash compensation it can pay to its
employees. In addition, Applicant believes it also competes directly
for experienced executives and other professionals with other public companies
and non-public companies, many of which offer restricted stock as part of their
equity incentive plans.
The
Commission previously recognized the problem of restricting equity compensation
in the context of small business investment companies in 1971 and granted a
limited exemption from the Act’s provisions to permit them to issue qualified
stock options. Congress amended the Act in 1980 to permit BDCs also
to issue warrants, options, and rights subject to certain conditions and
limitations. The Commission again recognized these problems in the
context of closed-end investment companies in 1985 and granted a limited
exemption from the Act’s provisions to permit certain internally managed
closed-end investment companies to issue incentive stock options. In
1998, the Commission issued the Baker Fentress Order and in 2005, the Commission
issued the Adams Express Order, both Orders permitting numerous types of equity
compensation, including the issuance of restricted stock by a registered
closed-end investment company. Finally, the SEC issued the MCG Order,
the Main Street Order and Triangle Order permitting BDCs to issue restricted
stock. In each of these instances, it was found that equity
compensation would not offend the Act’s policies and purposes.
In the
present case, Applicant is merely requesting that it be allowed to issue
Restricted Stock in substantially the same manner as currently in effect under
the Stock Plan with respect to Options to purchase under Section 61(a)(3) and
would be subject to greater restrictions as to the number of shares of
Restricted Stock that may be issued. The Commission has, by way of
exemptive order, permitted other BDCs to issue restricted stock to employees and
directors and numerous BDCs to issue warrants, options and rights to purchase to
directors.
Applicant
further submits that the Amended and Restated Stock Plan would not violate the
purposes behind Sections 23(a) and (b). The concerns underlying the
enactment of those provisions included (i) preferential treatment of investment
company insiders and the use of options and other rights by insiders to obtain
control of the investment company; (ii) complication of the investment company’s
structure that made it difficult to determine the value of the company’s shares;
and (iii) dilution of shareholders’ equity in the investment
company.
The
Restricted Stock element of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan does not raise
concerns about preferential treatment of Applicant’s insiders because this
element is a bona fide compensation plan of the type that is common among
corporations generally, and that is contemplated by Section 61 of the Act and
approved by the Commission in the orders given to MCG Capital, Main Street,
Triangle, Baker Fentress and Adams Express. Applicant also asserts that the
issuance of Restricted Stock would not become a means for insiders to obtain
control of Applicant because the maximum amount of Restricted Stock that may be
issued under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan at any one time will be five
percent of the outstanding shares of common stock of Applicant.
Applicant
further states that the Restricted Stock feature will not unduly complicate
Applicant’s capital structure because equity-based incentive compensation
arrangements are widely used among corporations and commonly known to
investors. Applicant also states that on an ongoing basis it will
comply with the proxy disclosure requirements in Item 10 of Schedule 14A under
the Exchange Act. Applicant further notes that the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan will be disclosed to investors in accordance with the requirements
applicable to BDCs, including the standards and guidelines adopted by the
Financial Accounting Standards Board for operating
companies. Applicant thus concludes that the Amended and Restated
Stock Plan will be adequately disclosed to investors and appropriately reflected
in the market value of Applicant’s shares.
Standards
for an Order Under Rule 17d-1
Rule
17d-l, made applicable to BDCs by Section 57(i) to the extent not more
restrictive than Sections 57(a)-(e) and the rules thereunder, provides that the
Commission may, by order upon application, grant relief under Section
57(a)(4) and Rule
17d-1 permitting certain joint enterprises or arrangements and profit-sharing
plans. Rule 17d-1(b) further provides that in passing upon such an application,
the Commission will consider (i) whether the participation of the BDC in such
enterprise, arrangement or plan is consistent with the policies and purposes of
the Act and (ii) the extent to which such participation is on a basis different
from or less advantageous than that of other participants.
Consistency with
the Act’s Policies and Purposes
The
arguments as to why the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is consistent with the
Act are almost identical to the standards for exemptions under Section 6(c) and
have been set forth above. Additionally, Section 57(j)(1) expressly
permits any director, officer or employee of a BDC to acquire warrants, options
and rights to purchase voting securities of such BDC, and the securities issued
upon the exercise or conversion thereof, pursuant to an executive compensation
plan which meets the requirements of Section 61(a)(3)(B). Applicant
submits that the issuance of Restricted Stock pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan poses no greater risk to shareholders than the issuances
permitted by Section 57(j)(1).
Differences in
Participation
Applicant’s
role is necessarily different from that of other participants in the arrangement
at issue since the other participants in the Amended and Restated Stock Plan are
its officers and employees. However, Applicant’s participation with
respect to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan will not be "less advantageous"
than that of the Participants. Applicant, either directly or
indirectly, is responsible for the compensation of the Participants; the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan is simply Applicant’s chosen method of providing such
compensation. Moreover, Applicant believes that the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan will benefit Applicant by enhancing its ability to attract
and retain highly-qualified personnel. The Amended and Restated Stock
Plan will help align the interests of Applicant’s employees with those of its
shareholders, which will encourage conduct on the part of those employees
designed to produce a better return for Applicant’s
shareholders.
Applicant’s Conditions with
Respect to Issuance of Restricted Stock
Applicant agrees that the order
granting the requested relief will be subject to the following
conditions:
|
1.
|
The
Amended and Restated Stock Plan will be authorized by Applicant's
shareholders in accordance with Section 61(a)(3)(A)(iv) of the
Act.
|
|
2.
|
Each
grant of Restricted Stock to an officer or employee will be approved by
the Required Majority of Applicant’s directors on the basis that such
grant is in the best interest of Applicant and its
shareholders.
|
|
3.
|
The
amount of voting securities that would result from the exercise of all of
Applicant’s outstanding warrants, options and rights, together with any
Restricted Stock issued and outstanding pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan, will not at the time of issuance of any warrant,
option, right or share of Restricted Stock under the Amended and Restated
Stock Plan, exceed 20 percent of Applicant’s outstanding voting
securities.
|
|
|
The
amount of Restricted Stock issued and outstanding will not at the time of
issuance of any shares of Restricted Stock exceed five percent of
Applicant’s outstanding voting securities.
|
|
5. |
The
Board will review the Amended and Restated Stock Plan at least
annually. In addition, the Board will review periodically the
potential impact that the issuance of Restricted Stock under the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan could have on Applicant’s earnings and net asset
value per share, such review to take place prior to any decisions to grant
Restricted Stock under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan, but in no
event less frequently than annually. Adequate procedures and
records will be maintained to permit such review. The Board
will be authorized to take appropriate steps to ensure that the grant of
Restricted Stock under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan would not have
an effect contrary to the interests of Applicant’s
shareholders. This authority will include the authority to
prevent or limit the granting of additional Restricted Stock under the
Amended and Restated Stock Plan. All records maintained
pursuant to this condition will be subject to examination by the
Commission and its staff. |
III.
|
EXEMPTION
TO PERMIT APPLICANT TO WITHHOLD SHARES TO SATISFY TAX WITHHOLDING
OBLIGATIONS AND PARTICIPANTS TO PAY THE EXERCISE PRICE OF OPTIONS WITH
STOCK ALREADY OWNED
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Reason for
Request
Each grant or exercise of an award
granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is subject to the
participant’s having made arrangements for the full and timely satisfaction of
all federal, state, local and other tax withholding requirements applicable to
such grant, exercise or exchange.
Tax Consequences of
Restricted Stock Awards
Generally, a grant under the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan of restricted stock will not result in taxable income to
the recipient for U.S. federal income tax purposes at the time of the
grant. Instead, the value of the restricted stock will generally be
taxable to the recipient as ordinary income in the years in which the
restrictions on the shares lapse. Such value will be the fair market
value of the shares on the dates the restrictions lapse. Any
recipient, however, may elect pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code to treat the
fair market value of the shares on the date of grant as ordinary income in the
year of the grant, provided the recipient makes the election within 30 days
after the date of the grant. Generally, participants forego such
elections in order to avoid the risk of being taxed on compensation they never
realize, either because they forfeit the restricted stock or the value of the
restricted stock drops prior to vesting.
On the date the restricted stock
vests (assuming no Section 83(b) election has been made), the shares are
released to the participant and available for sale or transfer (subject to the
Applicant’s share retention guidelines). In accordance
with the applicable regulations of the IRS, the Company requires the recipient
to pay to it an amount sufficient to satisfy withholding taxes in respect of
such compensation income at the time the restrictions on the shares lapse or the
recipient makes a Section 83(b) election. Where the cumulative
withholding for all employees exceeds $100,000, the amounts withheld generally
must be deposited with the IRS by the next business day, therefore procedures
generally must be implemented to collect the withholding from employees on the
vesting date itself or as soon as possible thereafter.
In lieu
of receiving a cash payment or withholding other compensation from a
participant, typically a stock plan will provide for withholding of shares equal
in value at the vesting date to the monetary amount of the company’s withholding
obligation, sometimes referred to as a “net share settlement.” In
this scenario, shares with value equal to the tax payment are withheld from the
award and may be returned to the plan reserve, if permitted under the terms of
the plan or award agreement. If the Company withholds shares to
satisfy this withholding tax obligation, instead of cash, the recipient
nonetheless will be required to include in income the fair market value of the
shares withheld.
The Amended and Restated Stock Plan
incorporates this concept of “net share settlement.” Specifically, it
provides that the Company is authorized to withhold stock (in whole or in part)
from any award of restricted shares granted in satisfaction of a participant's
tax obligations. However, no such withholding of shares will take
place except pursuant to written assurance from the staff of the Commission or
exemptive relief from the Commission.
Tax Consequences of Stock
Option Awards
Non-Qualified Stock Options (“NQSOs”)
are granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan. NQSOs
granted under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan will not be taxable to a
recipient at the time of grant. Upon the exercise of a NQSO, the
amount by which the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common
stock received, determined as of the date of exercise, exceeds the exercise
price will be treated as ordinary income to the recipient of the option in the
year of exercise. In accordance with applicable regulations of the
IRS, Applicant requires the optionee to pay to it an amount sufficient to
satisfy withholding taxes in respect of such compensation income at the time of
the exercise of the option. If Applicant withholds shares to satisfy
this withholding tax obligation, instead of cash, the optionee nonetheless will
be required to include in income the fair market value of the shares
withheld. When the optionee sells the shares of common stock received
upon exercise of the NQSO, he or she will generally recognize a capital gain or
loss (long-term or short-term, depending upon the holding period of the stock
sold) in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the
sale of the shares and his or her basis in the shares (i.e., the exercise price
plus the amount taxed to the optionee as compensation income).
Applicable Law and Need for
Relief
Section 23(c) of the Act, which is
made applicable to BDCs by Section 63 of the Act, generally prohibits a BDC from
purchasing any securities of which it is the issuer except in the open market
pursuant to tenders, or “under such other circumstances as the Commission may
permit by rules and regulations or orders for the protection of investors in
order to insure that such purchases are made in a manner or on a basis which
does not unfairly discriminate against any holders of the class or classes of
securities to be purchased.” No rule addresses “purchases” by a BDC
in the circumstances described in this Application. Thus, to the
extent that the transactions between Applicant and the participants described in
this Application with respect to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan constitute
“purchases” by Applicant of its own securities, Section 23(c) of the Act would
prohibit these transactions.
Requested
Order
Applicant requests an order of the
Commission for relief under Section 23(c) of the Act to permit Applicant to
withhold shares of its common stock or purchase shares of Applicant’s common
stock from participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations related to the
vesting of restricted stock or the exercise of stock options to purchase shares
of Applicant’s common stock that were or will be granted pursuant to the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan. In addition, Applicant requests an exemption
from Section 23(c) of the Act to permit participants to pay the exercise price
of options to purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock that were or will be
granted to them pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan with shares of
Applicant’s stock already held by them.
Applicant’s Legal
Arguments
Section 23(c)(3) of the Act permits a
BDC to purchase securities of which it is the issuer “under such . . .
circumstances as the Commission may permit by . . . orders for the protection of
investors in order to insure that such purchases are made in a manner or on a
basis which does not unfairly discriminate against any holders of the class or
classes of securities to be purchased.” As noted above, the
transactions between Applicant and the participants described in this
Application with respect to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan may entail
“purchases” by Applicant of its own securities within the meaning of Section
23(c) of the Act. However, the Applicant submits that any such
purchases will be made in a manner that does not unfairly discriminate against
Applicant’s other shareholders. In that regard, Applicant currently
uses the closing sales price of its shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Global
Market (or any primary exchange on which its shares of common stock may be
traded in the future) as the “fair market value” of its common stock for most
purposes under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan (i.e., the public market
price on the date of vesting of Restricted Stock and the date of exercise of
NQSOs. Because all of the transactions between the Company and the
participants described in this Application with respect to the Amended and
Restated Stock Plan will take place at the public market price for the Company’s
common stock, these transactions will not be significantly different than could
be achieved by any shareholder selling in a transaction on the Nasdaq Global
Market. Moreover, these transactions may be made only as permitted by
the Amended and Restated Stock Plan, which will be approved by the Company’s
shareholders prior to any application of the relief. These
transactions permit Applicant to deliver only gain shares or shares net of tax
withholding to the award recipients, thereby reducing the number of shares
issued in connection with awards granted under the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan. The resulting reduction in dilution using these transactions
should benefit all of Applicant’s shareholders. Finally, without the
relief sought hereby, Applicant’s executives and employees may be forced to sell
more shares in the open market a portion of the non−cash awards that vest or are
delivered under the Amended and Restated Plan to satisfy their tax withholding
obligations. A large influx of Company shares into the open market over a short
period of time would not be beneficial to the Company’s
shareholders. Moreover, the withholding provisions in the Amended and
Restated Plan do not raise concerns about preferential treatment of Applicant’s
insiders because the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is a bona fide compensation
plan of the type that is common among corporations generally. Finally, the
vesting schedule is determined at the time of the initial grant of the
restricted stock and the option exercise price is determined at the time of the
initial grant of the options.
In light of the foregoing, Applicant
believes that the requested relief meets the standards of Section 23(c)(3) of
the Act. Moreover, the important role that equity compensation can play in
attracting and retaining qualified personnel has been expressly recognized by
the Commission with respect to certain types of investment companies, including
closed−end investment companies, small business investment companies and
BDCs. Applicant believes that its request for an Order is consistent
with the policies underlying the provisions of the Act permitting the use of
equity compensation as well as prior exemptive relief granted by the SEC for
relief under Section 23(c) of the 1940 Act.
Precedent
The Commission has previously granted
exemptive relief from Section 23(c) of the Act to BDCs in substantially similar
circumstances. On May 5, 2009, the Commission issued an order
granting Triangle exemptive relief from Section 23(c) of the Act in connection
with withholding obligations related to vesting restricted stock and option
exercises, and the payment of an option exercise price with shares of common
stock already held by the participant. On April 20, 2010, the
Commission issued an order for an exemption from Section 23(c) of the Act
permitting MCG Capital to withhold shares of its common stock or purchase shares
of its common stock from the participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations
related to the vesting of restricted stock that were or will be granted pursuant
to its incentive compensation plans13.
Additionally, in 1998, the Commission
issued Baker Fentress and Adams Express exemptive relief from Section 23(c) of
the Act in connection with the payment of a stock option exercise price with
previously acquired stock.
Because the exemptive relief sought
by this Application is substantially identical to those in a number of orders
granted by the Commission permitting comparable arrangements, including
the orders issued to Triangle and MCG Capital discussed above, Applicant
respectfully requests that the Commission grant the exemptive relief requested
by this Application.
13
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See
MCG Capital
Corporation,
Investment Company Act
Release No. 29210 (April 20,
2010).
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In addition, it is important to
highlight that that stock withholding provisions and the other provisions
contained in the Amended and Restated Stock Plan described in this Application
are common features found in the equity compensation plans of many public
companies not regulated under the Act with which the Applicant competes for
personnel resources.
Accordingly, Applicant respectfully
requests that the Commission issue an order under Section 23(c) of the Act to
permit (1) Applicant to withhold shares of its common stock or purchase shares
of Applicant’s common stock from participants to satisfy tax withholding
obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock or the exercise of stock
options to purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock that were or will be
granted pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan, and (2) participants to
pay the exercise price of options to purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock
that were or will be granted to them pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan with shares of Applicant’s stock already held by them.
IV. EXEMPTION
TO PERMIT APPLICANT TO ISSUE OPTIONS TO NON-EMPLOYEE
DIRECTORS
Reason for
Request
Applicant requests that the
Commission issue an order pursuant to Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act granting
Applicant’s request to permit it to issue Options to Non-Employee
Directors. The skill and experience of Applicant’s board are critical
to its success. Non-Employee Directors of Applicant currently receive
compensation of $1,500 for each meeting of the Board and $1,500 for each
committee meeting they attend, in addition to a monthly retainer of
$750. We also reimburse our directors for travel, lodging and related
expenses they incur in attending board and committee meetings. The
total compensation and reimbursement for expenses paid to all directors in 2009
was $364,862. Almost all of the directors use 50 percent of director
fees to purchase shares of Applicant’s common stock in the open
market.
Applicant has concluded that it
should provide the Non-Employee Directors with additional incentives in the form
of an executive compensation program contemplated by Section 61(a) of the Act in
order to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated board members to
assist in its development. Specifically, (subject to receiving the
requested Order) Applicant proposes to issue Options to Non-Employee Directors
pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan.
If the relief is granted, the nine
current Non-Employee Directors would become eligible to participate in the
Amended and Restated Stock Plan. The Amended and Restated Stock Plan
will not be modified materially from the description in this Application without
obtaining an order of the Commission or approval of the Commission
staff.
Applicable Law and Need for
Relief
Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act
provides, in pertinent part, that a BDC may issue to its Non-Employee Directors
warrants, options or other rights (collectively, "rights") to purchase its
voting
securities pursuant to an executive compensation plan if certain conditions are
met. These conditions are:
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(1)
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that
the rights expire by their terms within ten years (Section 61(a)(3)(A)(i)
and 61(a)(3)(B)(i)(II));
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(2)
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that
the exercise price of the rights is not less than the current market value
of the underlying securities at the date of the issuance of the rights, or
if no such market value
exists, then the current net asset value of the underlying securities
(Section 61(a)(3)(A)(iii) and
61(a)(3)(B)(i)(II));
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(3)
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that
the proposal to issue such rights is authorized by the BDC’s stockholders,
and is approved by order of the Commission, upon application, on the basis
that the terms of the proposal are fair and reasonable and do not involve
overreaching of the BDC or its stockholders (Section
61(a)(3)(B)(ii));
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(4)
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that
the rights are not transferable except for disposition by gift, will or
intestacy (Section 61(a)(3)(B)(ii));
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(5)
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that
no investment adviser of the BDC receives any compensation described in
paragraph (a)(1) of Section 205 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940
(the "Advisers Act"), except to the extent permitted by clause (b)(1) or
(b)(2) of that section (Section 61(a)(3)(B)(iii)); and
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(6)
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that
the BDC does not have a profit-sharing plan described in Section 57(n) of
the Act (Section
61(a)(3)(B)(iv)).
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The concluding paragraph of Section
61(a)(3) of the Act provides that the amount of the BDC’s voting securities that
would result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, options and rights
at the time of issuance may not exceed 25 percent of the outstanding voting
securities of the BDC, except that if the amount of voting securities that would
result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, options, and rights issued
to such company’s directors, officers, employees, and general partners pursuant
to any executive compensation plan meeting the requirements of Section
61(a)(3)(B) of the Act would exceed 15 percent of the outstanding voting
securities of the BDC, then the total amount of voting securities that would
result from the exercise of all outstanding warrants, options and rights at the
time of issuance shall not exceed 20 percent of all outstanding voting
securities of the BDC.
Requested
Order
Applicant requests an order of the
Commission pursuant to Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act approving Applicant’s
proposal to issue Options to the Non-Employee Directors.
Applicant’s Legal
Arguments
Similarity
to Issuance Currently Permitted by Orders from the Commission
The 1980
Amendments permit a BDC to issue warrants, options, and rights to purchase
voting securities to non-employee directors if the BDC complies with certain
conditions and if the issuance to the non-employee directors is approved by
order of the Commission, upon application, on the basis that the terms of the
proposal are fair and reasonable and do not involve overreaching
of such company or its shareholders or partners. The Commission has
approved a number of non-employee director compensation plans pursuant to
Section 61(a)(3).14
14
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See,
e.g. Gladstone Capital
Corporation, Release No. IC-25881 (Jan. 3, 2003) (notice), Release
No. IC-259l7 (Jan. 29, 2003) (order); UTEK Corporation,
Release No. IC-25468 (March 20, 2002) (notice), Release No, IC-25529
(April 6,2002) (order); Medallion Financial
Corp., Release No. IC-24342 (March 17, 2000) (notice), Release No.
IC-24390 (April 12, 2000) (order); Franklin Capital
Corporation, Release No. IC-24254 (Jan. 18, 2000) (notice), Release
No. IC-24287 (Feb. 14, 2000) (order); Elk Associations Funding
Corporation, Release No. IC-23934 (Aug. 3. 1999) (notice), Release
No. IC-23984 (Aug. 31, 1999) (order); Allied Capital
Corporation, Release No. IC-23946 (Aug. 12, 1999) (notice), Release
No. IC-24000 (Sept. 8, 1999) (order); American Capital
Strategies, Release No. IC-23785 (April 14, 1999) (notice), Release
No. IC-23830 (May 11, 1999) (order); Brantley Capital Corporation, Release
No. IC-23766 (March 30, 1999) (notice), Release No. IC-23812 (April 28,
1999) (order); Sirrom
Capital Corporation, Release No. IC-23225 (May 29, 1998) (notice),
Release No. IC-23271 (June 24, 1998) (order); Equus I/Incorporated,
Release No. IC-22853 (Oct. 10, 1997) (notice), Release No. IC-22874 (Nov.
4, 1997) (order); and Medallion Financial
Corp., Release No. IC-22350 (Nov. 25, 1996) (notice), Release No.
IC-22417 (Dec. 23, 1996)
(order).
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Applicant believes that the granting of
Options to Non-Employee Directors under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is
fair and reasonable because of the skills and experience such directors provide
to Applicant. Such skills and experience are necessary for the
management and oversight of Applicant’s investments and
operations. Furthermore, as noted above, the ability to offer its
Non-Employee Directors equity-based compensation is necessary to enhance
Applicant’s ability to obtain and retain high quality individuals to serve on
its Board. Applicant’s Non-Employee Directors actively participate in
service on committees of the Board, including the Valuation, Independent
Directors, Nominating, Compensation and Audit committees, and other aspects of
corporate governance, as well as make a significant contribution to Applicant’s
business.
The value
of grants of Options to Non-Employee Directors under the Amended and Restated
Stock Plan, combined with other compensation such directors receive as permitted
by applicable law and regulation,15 is well within the range of reasonable
director compensation in consideration of the commitments Non-Employee Directors
are expected to undertake, particularly given that the ultimate value to the
Participants of the Options is contingent upon Applicant’s
performance.
15
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We
note that the staff has previously stated that it would not recommend
enforcement action to the Commission under section 23(a) if closed-end
funds directly compensate their directors with fund shares, provided that
the directors’ services are assigned a fixed dollar value prior to the
time that the compensation is payable. Statement of Staff
Position, Interpretive Matters Concerning Independent Directors of
Investment Companies (Oct. 14, 1999). Applicant does not
currently intend to rely on this staff position. In the event that
Applicant does rely on this staff position, any shares issued in reliance
on this staff position would not be subject to the 5% limitation on
outstanding Restricted Stock as such shares will have been fully paid at
the time of issuance.
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Applicant
believes that granting the Options will provide significant incentives for
Non-Employee Directors to remain on the Board and to devote their best efforts
to the success of Applicant’s business in the future, as they have done in the
past. The issuance of Options will also provide an additional means
for Applicant’s Non-Employee Directors to increase their ownership interest in
Applicant, thereby helping to ensure a close identification of their interests
with those of Applicant and its shareholders.
The
number of Options granted to each Non-Employee Director will be limited to
35,000 over the 10-year term of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan and will be
granted in the amount of 3,500 Options per director at the first scheduled
Compensation Committee meeting following each annual meeting of shareholders
during the term of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan. The aggregate
number of Options granted to each Non-Employee Director will be reduced for each
participating director at the rate of 3,500 shares for each full year during the
term of the Amended and Restated Stock Plan that such individual was not or is
not a Non-Employee Director. The exercise price of each Option grant
will be determined in the same manner as other Options grants under the Amended
and Restated Stock Plan. The term of each Option granted to a
Non-Employee Director will be 10 years, and Options will vest three years from
the date of grant. Directors will have to exercise or forfeit their
Options within 90 days after such Non-Employee Director ceases to be a director
for any reason other than retirement pursuant to the Board's mandatory
retirement policy as in effect from time to time. Directors who
retire pursuant to the Board’s mandatory retirement policy may retain their
Options until expiration. Applicant will not issue any shares of
Restricted Stock to Non-Employee Directors.
The Amended and Restated Stock Plan
and the Options proposed to be granted thereunder for which approval is sought
by this Application meet all the requirements of Section 61(a)(3) of the Act
other than receipt of Commission approval for grants to Non-Employee
Directors. Specifically, the Amended and Restated Stock Plan provides
that such Options:
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(1)
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will
expire by their terms within ten years from the date of
grant;
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(2)
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will
have an exercise price not less than the current market value of
Applicant’s common stock at the date of issuance of the Option, or if no
market value exists, the current net asset value per share at the date of
issuance of the Option. The Amended and Restated Stock Plan
provides that unless otherwise determined by the Board in good faith, the
per share fair market value of stock as of a particular date shall mean
the closing price per share of stock on the national securities exchange
on which the stock is principally traded, for the date on which the last
of the approvals required by the Act for any particular grant has been
obtained;
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(3)
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will
be issued pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stock Plan authorized by
the stockholders of Applicant prior to the date of any issuance of Options
to Non-Employee Directors under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan;
and
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(4)
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will
be non-transferable except for disposition by will or
intestacy.
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Moreover, Applicant no longer has a
profit-sharing plan as described in Section 57(n) of the Act and, because it has
no investment adviser, it pays no compensation described in paragraph (a)(1) of
Section 205 of the Advisers Act.
Applicant believes that granting
Non-Employee Directors Options under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan is fair
and reasonable. Non-Employee Directors provide Applicant with skills
and experience necessary for management and oversight of its investments and
operations, and are likely to have specific experience with respect to
industries in which Applicant makes a significant number of
investments. Applicant also believes that its ability to make grants
of Options under the Amended and Restated Stock Plan to Non-Employee Directors
provides a means of retaining the services of its current Non-Employee Directors
and of attracting persons to serve as Non-Employee Directors in the
future.
Modern compensation practice suggests
that outside director options are a good thing for shareholders, and the
Commission has previously granted orders to BDCs to have outside director option
plans.16 Applicant further submits that the
Options will provide a means for the Non-Employee Directors to increase their
ownership interests in Applicant, thereby ensuring close identification of their
interests with the interests of Applicant’s shareholders.
Applicant submits that the granting
of Options to the Non-Employee Directors is fair and reasonable and does not
involve overreaching of Applicant or its stockholders. The number of
Options that would be granted to Non-Employee Directors if this order was issued
would be limited. The number of voting securities that would result
from the issuance of Options and Restricted Stock to officers, employees and
Non-Employee Directors would not exceed 20 percent of Applicant’s outstanding
voting securities (not including the Restricted Stock). In
light of the foregoing, Applicant believes that the granting of Options to
Non-Employee Directors will not have a substantial dilutive effect on the net
asset value of its common stock.
Accordingly, Applicant respectfully
requests that the Commission issue an order under Section 61(a)(3)(B) of the Act
approving the proposal to issue Options under the Amended and Restated Stock
Plan to the Non-Employee Directors, on the basis that the terms are fair and
reasonable and do not involve overreaching of Applicant or its
shareholders.
Conclusion
For the
reasons set forth above, Applicant believes that granting an exemption from the
above provisions would be appropriate in the public interest and consistent with
the protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy and
provisions of the Act. It would not involve any overreaching and the
terms are fair and reasonable.
Procedural
Matters
Communications
Please
address all communications concerning this Application and the Notice and Order
to:
Sandra M.
Forman, Esq.
General
Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer
Harris
& Harris Group, Inc.
1450
Broadway
24th
Floor
New York,
New York 10018
(212)
582-0900
Facsimile:
(212) 582-9563
Please
address any questions, and a copy of any communications, concerning this
Application, the Notice and Order to:
Richard
Prins, Esq.
Skadden,
Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
Four
Times Square
New York,
New York 10036
(212)
735-2790
Facsimile:
(917) 777-2790
Authorizations
The
verification required by Rule 0-2(d) under the Act is attached as Exhibit B. The
filing of this Application has been specifically authorized by a resolution of
the Board of Directors of Applicant dated May 6, 2010. A copy of this
resolution, which remains in full force and effect, is attached to this
Application as Exhibit C.
Applicant
has caused this Application to be duly signed on its behalf on the 24th day
of May, 2010.
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HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
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By:
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/s/
Douglas W. Jamison
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Douglas
W. Jamison
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Chief
Executive Officer
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EXHIBIT
A
AMENDED
AND RESTATED
HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
2006
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
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Section
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Page
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1.
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Purpose; Types of Awards;
Construction
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A-1
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2.
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Definitions
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A-1
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3.
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Administration
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A-4
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4.
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Eligibility
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A-5
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5.
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Stock Subject to the
Plan
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A-5
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6.
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Terms of
Awards
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A-6
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7.
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General
Provisions
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A-8
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FORM
OF AMENDED AND RESTATED
HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
EQUITY
INCENTIVE PLAN
1.
Purpose; Types of Awards; Construction.
The
purposes of the Harris & Harris Group, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the
"Plan") are to enable Harris & Harris Group, Inc. (the "Company") to afford
an incentive to non-employee and employee directors, selected officers and other
employees of the Company to continue as non-employee directors, officers and
employees, as the case may be, to increase their efforts on behalf of the
Company and to promote the success of the Company's business. The
Plan provides for the grant of Options and restricted stock. The Plan
is designed so that Awards granted hereunder that are intended to comply with
the requirements for "performance-based compensation" under Section 162(m) of
the Code may comply with such requirements. Various provisions of the
Plan may require an exemptive order from the SEC prior to their implementation
and accordingly, Awards will be granted only after consultation with the
Company's General Counsel.
2.
Definitions.
For
purposes of the Plan, the following terms shall be defined as set forth
below:
(a) "Award"
means any Option or Restricted Stock award granted under the Plan.
(b) "Award
Agreement" means any written agreement, contract or other instrument or document
evidencing an Award.
(c) "Board"
means the Board of Directors of the Company.
(d) "Change
in Control" means the occurrence of any of the following:
(i) any
Person is or becomes the "beneficial owner" (as such term is used in Rule 13d-3
and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of
the Company (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person
any securities acquired directly from the Company or its affiliates)
representing 40% or more of the combined voting power of the Company's then
outstanding securities, excluding any Person who becomes such a Beneficial Owner
in connection with a transaction described in clause (i) of paragraph (iii)
below; or
(ii) the
following individuals cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the
number of directors then serving: individuals who, on the Effective
Date, constitute the Board and any new director (other than a director whose
initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened
election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating
to the election of directors of the Company) whose appointment or election by
the Board or nomination for election by the Company's stockholders was approved
or recommended by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then
still in office who either were directors on the date hereof or whose
appointment, election or nomination for election was previously so approved or
recommended; or
(iii) there
is consummated a merger or consolidation of the Company or any direct or
indirect subsidiary of the Company with any other corporation, other than a
merger or consolidation immediately following which the individuals who comprise
the Board immediately prior thereto constitute at least a majority of the board
of directors of (A) any parent of the Company or the entity surviving such
merger or consolidation (B) if there is no such parent, of the Company or such
surviving entity; or
(iv) the
stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or
dissolution of the Company or there is consummated an agreement for the sale or
disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company's assets,
other than a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of
the Company's assets to an entity, at least 60% of the combined voting power of
the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of the Company in
substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately
prior to such sale.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, a "Change in Control" shall not be deemed to have occurred by
virtue of the consummation of any transaction or series of integrated
transactions immediately following which the record holders of the common stock
of the Company immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions
continue to have substantially the same proportionate ownership in an entity
which owns all or substantially all of the assets of the Company immediately
following such transaction or series of transactions.
(e) "Code"
means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
(f) "Committee"
means the committee established by the Board to administer the Plan, the
composition of which shall at all times consist of "non-employee directors"
within the meaning of Rule 16b-3, and "outside directors" within the meaning of
Section 162(m) of the Code.
(g) "Company"
means Harris & Harris Group, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of
the State of New York, or any successor corporation.
(h) "Effective
Date" means March 12, 2009, the date on which the Plan was adopted by the
Board.
(i)
"Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time
to time, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
(j) "Fair
Market Value" means, with respect to Stock or other property, the fair market
value of such Stock or other property determined by such methods or procedures
as shall be established from time to time by the Board. Unless
otherwise determined by the Board in good faith, the per share Fair Market Value
of Stock as of a particular date shall mean the closing price per share of Stock
on the national securities exchange on which the Stock is principally traded,
for the date on which the last of the approvals required by the Investment
Company Act of 1940 for any particular grant has been obtained.
(k) "Option"
means a right, granted to a Participant under Section 6(b)(i), to purchase
shares of Stock.
(l)
"Participant" means a person who, as a non-employee director,
employee director, officer or other employee of the Company has been granted an
Award under the Plan.
(m) "Performance
Goals" means performance goals based on one or more of the following criteria,
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, where
applicable: (i) pre-tax income or after-tax income; (ii) cumulative
realized and unrealized net appreciation; (iii) stock price or total stockholder
return; or (iv) any other criteria determined by the Board to be
appropriate. Where applicable, the Performance Goals may be expressed
in terms of attaining a specified level of the particular criterion or the
attainment of a percentage increase or decrease in the particular criterion, and
may be applied to one or more of the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, all
as determined by the Board. The Performance Goals may include a
threshold level of performance below which no payment will be made (or no
vesting will occur), levels of performance at which specified payments will be
paid (or specified vesting will occur) and a maximum level of performance above
which no additional payment will be made (or at which full vesting will
occur). Each of the foregoing Performance Goals shall be evaluated in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, where applicable, and
shall be subject to certification by the Board. The Board shall have
the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in
recognition of unusual or non-recurring events affecting the Company or any
subsidiary of the Company or the financial statements of the Company or any
subsidiary of the Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or
regulations or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be
extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the
disposal of a segment of a business or related to a change in accounting
principles.
(n) "Person"
shall have the meaning given in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act, as modified
and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, except that such term shall not
include (i) the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) a trustee or other
fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or
any of its affiliates, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities
pursuant to an offering of such securities, or (iv) a corporation owned,
directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the
same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company.
(o) "Plan"
means this Harris & Harris Group, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as
amended from time to time.
(p) "Restricted
Stock" means a grant of shares of Stock to a Participant under Section 6(b)(ii)
that are subject to certain restrictions and to a risk of
forfeiture.
(q) "Rule
16b-3" means Rule 16b-3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the SEC
under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such
Rule.
(r) "SEC"
means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
(s) "Securities
Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
(t) "Stock"
means shares of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the
Company.
3.
Administration.
The Plan
shall be administered by the Board. The Board may appoint a Committee
to administer all or a portion of the Plan and to make recommendations to the
Board with respect to the Plan and any Award. To the extent that the
Board appoints a Committee to administer all or a portion of the Plan,
references in the Plan to "the Board" shall be references to "the
Committee." The Board may delegate to one or more agents such
administrative duties as it may deem advisable, and the Committee or any other
person to whom the Board has delegated duties as aforesaid may employ one or
more persons to render advice with respect to any responsibility the Board or
such Committee or person may have under the Plan. Each award of
Options or Restricted Stock to employees shall be approved by the "required
majority" (as defined in Section 57(o) of the Act) on the basis that such
issuance is in the best interests of the Company and its
shareholders.
The Board
shall have the authority in its discretion, subject to and not inconsistent with
the express provisions of the Plan, to administer the Plan and to exercise all
the powers and authorities either specifically granted to it under the Plan or
necessary or advisable in the administration of the Plan, including, without
limitation, the authority to: (i) grant Awards; (ii) determine the
persons to whom and the time or times at which Awards shall be granted; (iii)
determine the type and number of Awards to be granted, the number of shares of
Stock to which an Award may relate and the terms, conditions, restrictions and
performance criteria relating to any Award, including but not limited to the
effect of a Change in Control on an Award; (iv) determine Performance Goals no
later than such time as required to ensure that an underlying Award that is
intended to comply with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code so
complies; (v) determine whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances an
Award may be settled, cancelled, forfeited, exchanged, or surrendered; (vi) make
adjustments in the terms and conditions of, and the Performance Goals (if any)
included in, Awards; (vii) construe and interpret the Plan and any Award; (viii)
prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan; (ix)
determine the terms and provisions of the Award Agreements (which need not be
identical for each Participant); and (x) make all other determinations deemed
necessary or advisable for the administration of the
Plan. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or any Award
Agreement, the Board shall not take any action that would have the effect of
reducing the exercise or purchase price of any Award, whether by means of
repricing or cancellation and regrant of the Award, without having first
obtained the approval of the Company's stockholders.
All
decisions, determinations and interpretations of the Board shall be final and
binding on all persons, including but not limited to the Company, any subsidiary
of the Company, any Participant (or any person claiming any rights under the
Plan from or through any Participant) and any stockholder. No member
of the Board or Committee shall be liable for any action taken or determination
made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award granted
hereunder.
4.
Eligibility.
Awards
may be granted to Persons who at the time of grant are natural persons who are
non-employee directors, employee directors, officers and other employees of the
Company, in the discretion of the Board. In determining the persons
to whom Awards shall be granted and the type of any Award (including the number
of shares to be covered by such Award), the Board shall take into account such
factors as the Board shall deem relevant in connection with accomplishing the
purposes of the Plan.
5.
Stock Subject to the Plan.
The
maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the
Plan shall be equal to twenty percent (20%) of the total shares of Stock issued
and outstanding (not including the Restricted Stock), as of any date as of or
following the Effective Date, such that the number of shares of Stock reserved
for the grant of Awards under the Plan shall automatically increase (or
decrease) with each increase (or decrease) in the number of shares of Stock
issued and outstanding. All shares of Stock reserved for the grant of
Awards under the Plan may be made subject to Options granted under the Plan;
provided, however, that up to twenty-five percent (25%) of the shares
of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan may be subject to
Restricted Stock Awards at any time during the term of the Plan, subject to
adjustment as provided herein. No more than 1,000,000 shares of Stock
may be made subject to Awards granted to any Participant in any year, subject to
adjustment as provided herein. Determinations made in respect of the
limitations set forth in the immediately preceding sentence shall be made in a
manner consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code. Such shares may,
in whole or in part, be authorized but unissued shares or shares that shall have
been or may be reacquired by the Company in the open market, in private
transactions or otherwise. If any shares subject to an Award are
forfeited, cancelled, exchanged or surrendered or if an Award terminates or
expires without a distribution of shares to the Participant, the shares of Stock
with respect to such Award shall, to the extent of any such forfeiture,
cancellation, exchange, surrender, withholding, termination or expiration, again
be available for Awards under the Plan. In the event that the Board
shall determine that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of
cash, Stock, deemed dividends or other property), recapitalization, Stock split,
reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination,
repurchase, or share exchange, or other similar corporate transaction or event,
affects the Stock such that an adjustment is appropriate in order to prevent
dilution or enlargement of the rights of Participants under the Plan, then the
Board shall make such equitable changes or adjustments as it deems necessary or
appropriate to any or all of: (i) the number and kind of shares of
Stock or other property (including cash) that may thereafter be issued in
connection with Awards; (ii) the number and kind of shares of Stock or other
property (including cash) issued or issuable in respect of outstanding Awards;
(iii) the exercise price, grant price or purchase price relating to any Award;
and (iv) the Performance Goals applicable to outstanding Awards. In
addition, the Board may determine that any such equitable adjustment may be
accomplished by making a payment to the Award holder, in the form of cash or
other property (including but not limited to shares of Stock).
6.
Terms of Awards.
(a) General. The
term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the
Board. Subject to the terms of the Plan and any applicable Award
Agreement, payments to be made by the Company upon the grant, vesting,
maturation or exercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Board shall
determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation,
cash or other property, and may be made in a single payment or transfer, in
installments or on a deferred basis. The Board may make rules
relating to installment or deferred payments with respect to Awards, including
the rate of interest to be credited with respect to such payments. In
addition to the foregoing, the Board may impose on any Award or the exercise
thereof, at the date of grant or thereafter, such additional terms and
conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, as the Board shall
determine.
(b) Terms of Specified
Awards. The Board is authorized to grant the Awards described
in this Section 6(b), under such terms and conditions as deemed by the Board to
be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be
granted with vesting, value and/or and payment thereof contingent upon
Performance Goals. Except as otherwise set forth herein or as may be
determined by the Board, each Award granted under the Plan shall be evidenced by
an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award
as the Board shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including the
effect, if any, of a Change in Control on such Award.
(i) Options. The
Board is authorized to grant Options to Participants on the following terms and
conditions:
(A) Type of
Award. The Award Agreement evidencing the grant of an Option
under the Plan shall designate the Option as a "non-qualified stock option"
("NQSO").
(B) Exercise
Price. The exercise price per share of Stock purchasable under
an Option shall be determined by the Board, but in no event shall the per share
exercise price of any Option be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of
Stock on the date of grant of such Option. The exercise price for
Stock subject to an Option may be paid in cash, through a "broker cashless
exercise" procedure approved by the Board (to the extent permitted by law) or a
combination of the above, in any case in an amount having a combined value equal
to such exercise price. An Award Agreement may provide that a
Participant may pay all or a portion of the aggregate exercise price by having
shares of Stock with a Fair Market Value on the date of exercise equal to the
aggregate exercise price withheld by the Company.
(C) Term and Exercisability of
Options. Options shall be exercisable over the exercise period
(which shall not exceed ten years from the date of grant), at such times and
upon such conditions as the Board may determine, as reflected in the Award
Agreement; provided, that the Board shall have the authority to accelerate the
exercisability of any outstanding Option at such time and under such
circumstances as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. An
Option may be exercised to the extent of any or all full shares of Stock as to
which the Option has become exercisable, by giving written notice of such
exercise to the Board or its designated agent.
(D) Awards to Non-Employee
Directors. The number of Options granted to each non-employee
director will be limited to 35,000 over the 10-year term of the Plan and will be
granted in the amount of 3,500 Options per director at the first scheduled
Compensation Committee meeting following each annual meeting of shareholders
during the term of the Plan. The aggregate number of Options granted
to each non-employee director will be reduced for each participating director at
the rate of 3,500 shares for each full year during the term of the Plan that
such individual was not or is not a non-employee director. The term
of each Option granted to a Non-Employee Director will be 10 years, and Options
will vest on a cliff basis three years from the date of grant.
(E) Termination of
Employment. An Option may not be exercised
unless: (1) the Participant is then a director of, in the employ of,
or providing services to the Company; and (2) the Participant has remained
continuously so employed, or continuously maintained such relationship, since
the date of grant of the Option; provided, that the Award Agreement may contain
or be amended to contain provisions providing for the exercisability of any
Option until not later than the expiration date of such Option. Non-employee
directors will have to exercise or forfeit their Options within 90 days after
such director ceases to be a director for any reason other than retirement
pursuant to the Board's mandatory retirement policy as in effect from time to
time. Directors who retire pursuant to the Board’s mandatory retirement policy
may retain their Options until expiration of the terms of such
Options.
(F) Other
Provisions. Options may be subject to such other conditions
including, but not limited to, restrictions on transferability of the shares
acquired upon exercise of such Options, as the Board may prescribe in its
discretion or as may be required by applicable law.
(ii) Restricted
Stock. The Board is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to
Participants on the following terms and conditions:
(A) Issuance and
Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such
restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Board may
impose at the date of grant or thereafter, which restrictions may lapse
separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such
installments, or otherwise, as the Board may determine. The Board may
place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part,
only upon the attainment of Performance Goals. Unless otherwise
determined by the Board, a Participant granted Restricted Stock shall have all
of the rights of a stockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote
Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends, including deemed dividends,
thereon.
(B) Forfeiture. Upon
termination of employment with or service to the Company during the applicable
restriction period, Restricted Stock and any accrued but unpaid dividends that
are then subject to restrictions shall be forfeited; provided, that the Board
may provide, by rule or regulation or in any Award Agreement, or may determine
in any individual case, that restrictions or forfeiture conditions relating to
Restricted Stock will be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations
resulting from any cause, and the Board may in other cases waive in whole or in
part the forfeiture of Restricted Stock.
(C) Certificates for
Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be
evidenced in such manner as the Board shall determine. If
certificates representing Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the
Participant, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the
terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the
Company shall retain physical possession of the certificate.
(D) Dividends. Dividends,
including deemed dividends, paid on Restricted Stock shall be either paid at the
dividend payment date, or deferred for payment to such date as determined by the
Board, in cash or in shares of Stock having a Fair Market Value equal to the
amount of such dividends. Unless otherwise determined by the Board,
Stock distributed in connection with a stock split or stock dividend, and other
property distributed as a dividend, shall be subject to restrictions and a risk
of forfeiture to the same extent as the Restricted Stock with respect to which
such Stock or other property has been distributed.
(E) Non-Employee
Directors. No shares of Restricted Stock will be issued to
non-employee directors.
7.
General Provisions.
(a) Nontransferability. Unless
otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, Awards shall not be transferable by a
Participant except by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be
exercisable during the lifetime of a Participant only by such Participant or his
guardian or legal representative.
(b) No Right to Continued
Employment. Nothing in the Plan or in any Award, any Award
Agreement or other agreement entered into pursuant hereto shall confer upon any
Participant the right to continue in the employ of, or to continue as a director
of, or to continue to provide services to, the Company or to be entitled to any
remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Plan or such Award Agreement or
other agreement or to interfere with or limit in any way the right of the
Company to terminate such Participant's employment or director or independent
contractor relationship.
(c) Taxes. The
Company is authorized to withhold from any Award granted, any payment relating
to an Award under the Plan, including from a distribution of Stock, or any other
payment to a Participant, amounts of withholding and other taxes due in
connection with any transaction involving an Award, and to take such other
action as the Board may deem advisable to enable the Company and Participants to
satisfy obligations for the payment of withholding taxes and other tax
obligations relating to any Award. This authority shall include
authority to withhold or receive Stock or other property and to make cash
payments in respect thereof in satisfaction of a Participant's tax
obligations. The Board may provide in the Award Agreement that in the
event that a Participant is required to pay any amount to be withheld in
connection with the issuance of shares of Stock in settlement or exercise of an
Award, the Participant may satisfy such obligation (in whole or in part) by
electing to have the Company withhold a portion of the shares of Stock to be
received upon settlement or exercise of such Award that is equal to the minimum
amount required to be withheld.
(d) Stockholder Approval;
Amendment and Termination.
(i) The
Plan shall take effect upon its adoption by the Board but the Plan shall be
subject to the requisite approval of the stockholders of the
Company.
(ii) The
Board may at any time and from time to time alter, amend, suspend or terminate
the Plan in whole or in part; provided, however, that unless otherwise
determined by the Board, an amendment that requires stockholder approval in
order for the Plan to continue to comply with Section 162(m) or any other law,
regulation or stock exchange requirement shall not be effective unless approved
by the requisite vote of stockholders. The Board may at any time and
from time to time alter, amend, suspend or terminate an outstanding Award in
whole or in part; provided, that in the event an outstanding Option is to be
terminated pursuant to this clause (ii), the Option holder may be given
sufficient notice of such termination to permit the exercise of the then-vested
portion of such Option prior to such Award termination.
(e) Expiration of
Plan. Unless earlier terminated by the Board pursuant to the
provisions of the Plan, the Plan shall expire on the tenth anniversary of the
Effective Date. No Awards shall be granted under the Plan after such
expiration date. Without prejudice to the authority of the Board
under Section 7(d)(ii), the expiration of the Plan shall not affect adversely
any of the rights of any Participant, without such Participant's consent, under
any Award theretofore granted.
(f) Deferrals. The
Board shall have the authority to establish such procedures and programs that it
deems appropriate to provide Participants with the ability to defer receipt of
cash, Stock or other property payable with respect to Awards granted under the
Plan.
(g) No Rights to Awards; No
Stockholder Rights. No Participant shall have any claim to be
granted any Award under the Plan. There is no obligation for
uniformity of treatment among Participants. Except as provided
specifically herein, a Participant or a transferee of an Award shall have no
rights as a stockholder with respect to any shares covered by the Award until
the date of the issuance of a stock certificate to him for such
shares.
(h) Unfunded Status of
Awards. The Plan is intended to constitute an "unfunded" plan
for incentive and deferred compensation. With respect to any payments
not yet made to a Participant pursuant to an Award, nothing contained in the
Plan or any Award shall give any such Participant any rights that are greater
than those of a general creditor of the Company.
(i) No Fractional
Shares. No fractional shares of Stock shall be issued or
delivered pursuant to the Plan or any Award. The Board shall
determine whether cash, other Awards or other property shall be issued or paid
in lieu of such fractional shares or whether such fractional shares or any
rights thereto shall be forfeited or otherwise eliminated.
(j) Regulations and Other
Approvals.
(i) The
obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award
granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules and
regulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the
obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemed
necessary or appropriate by the Board.
(ii) Notwithstanding
any other provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement, no Award shall be
granted to any Participant or become vested or exercisable, be exercised or
settled, to the extent such grant, vesting, exercise or other settlement of such
Award would cause the Company to not be in compliance with the applicable
provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940. It is acknowledged
that as of the Effective Date various provisions permissible under the Plan may
require, prior to their implementation, an exemptive order from the SEC after
taking into account any exemptive relief received by the Company.
(iii) Each
Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Board determines,
in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of
Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or
under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental
regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection
with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, no such Award shall be
granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing,
registration, qualification, consent or approval has been effected or obtained
free of any conditions not acceptable to the Board.
(iv) In
the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not
covered by a then-current registration statement under the Securities Act and is
not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted
against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act or regulations
thereunder, and the Board may require a Participant receiving Stock pursuant to
the Plan, as a condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the
Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Participant is acquired for
investment only and not with a view to distribution.
(v) The
Board may require a Participant receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, as a
condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to enter into a stockholder
agreement or "lock-up" agreement in such form as the Board shall determine is
necessary or desirable to further the Company's interests.
(k) Governing
Law. The Plan and all determinations made and actions taken
pursuant hereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York without
giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof.
Verification Required by
Rule 0-2(d)
STATE
OF NEW YORK
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)
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ss.:
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COUNTY
OF NEW YORK
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)
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The
undersigned being duly sworn deposes and says that he has duly executed the
attached Application for an Order Pursuant to Section 6(c) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940 granting an exemption from Sections 23(a), 23(b), 23(c) and
63 of the Act, and pursuant to Sections 57(a)(4) and 57(i) of the Act
and Rule 17d-l under the Act authorizing certain joint transactions otherwise
prohibited by Section 57(a)(4) of the Act, and pursuant to Section 61(a)(3)(B)
of the Act for and on behalf of Harris & Harris Group, Inc.; that he is the
Chief Executive Officer of such company; and that all action by stockholders,
directors, and other bodies necessary to authorize deponent to execute and file
such instrument has been taken. Deponent further says that he is familiar with
such instrument, and the contents thereof, and that the facts therein set forth
are true to the best of his knowledge, information and belief.
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/s/
Douglas W. Jamison
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Name:
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Douglas
W. Jamison
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Title:
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Chief
Executive Officer
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Subscribed
and sworn to before
me, a
Notary Public, in and for the state
of New
York, this 24th day of May, 2010.
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/s/ Jacqueline M. Matthews |
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Notary Public |
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JACQUELINE M.
MATTHEWS
Notary Public, State
of New York
No.
01MA6004743
Qualified in New
York County
Commission Expires
March 30, 2014
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EXHIBIT
C
Resolutions of the Board of
Directors
HARRIS
& HARRIS GROUP, INC.
RESOLUTION
ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
APPLICATION
FOR EXEMPTIVE ORDER
RESOLVED, that the officers of
the Company shall be, and each of them hereby is, authorized and directed, by
and on behalf of the Company, and in its name, to execute and cause to be filed
with the Commission any applications, or amendments thereto, for exemptive
relief or certifications, or requests for no-action or interpretive positions
under the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Investment Company Act of 1940, or any other applicable federal or state
securities law, or applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, as such officers, in their sole discretion, deem necessary or to
effect such actions or pursue such activities or transactions of the Company as
are duly authorized; and further
RESOLVED, that all prior
actions taken by the officers of the Company in connection with the filing of
such application with the Commission is hereby approved and ratified in all
respects.