10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
 
 

FORM 10-Q
 
 

(Mark One)
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015
 
or
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to            
 
 
Commission File Number 1-5828
 
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
 

Delaware
 
23-0458500
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
P.O. Box 14662
Reading, Pennsylvania
 
19610
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
610-208-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.  Yes x  No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
Large accelerated filer:
x
 
Accelerated filer:
o
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer:
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company:
o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x
 
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock as of October 21, 2015 was 49,121,273.

Table of Contents    

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


2
Table of Contents    

PART I
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
30.6

 
$
70.0

Accounts receivable, net
278.9

 
304.1

Inventories
686.7

 
655.8

Deferred income taxes
8.1

 
3.3

Other current assets
42.7

 
37.2

Total current assets
1,047.0

 
1,070.4

Property, plant and equipment, net
1,389.6

 
1,397.0

Goodwill
257.2

 
257.4

Other intangibles, net
69.6

 
71.6

Other assets
107.7

 
109.5

Total assets
$
2,871.1

 
$
2,905.9

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
165.4

 
$
169.5

Accrued liabilities
159.0

 
152.6

Total current liabilities
324.4

 
322.1

Long-term debt
611.0

 
607.1

Accrued pension liabilities
338.9

 
334.1

Accrued postretirement benefits
109.5

 
111.2

Deferred income taxes
149.2

 
146.5

Other liabilities
60.9

 
59.0

Total liabilities
1,593.9

 
1,580.0

Contingencies and commitments (see Note 8)

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Common stock — authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 55,236,407 shares at September 30, 2015 and 55,234,942 shares at June 30, 2015; outstanding 49,121,470 shares at September 30, 2015 and 50,318,244 shares at June 30, 2015
276.2

 
276.2

Capital in excess of par value
268.6

 
266.6

Reinvested earnings
1,332.3

 
1,332.4

Common stock in treasury (6,114,937 shares and 4,916,698 shares at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively), at cost
(266.6
)
 
(221.1
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(333.3
)
 
(328.2
)
Total stockholders' equity
1,277.2

 
1,325.9

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
2,871.1

 
$
2,905.9


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents    

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share data)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Net sales
$
455.6

 
$
549.8

Cost of sales
387.0

 
480.7

Gross profit
68.6

 
69.1

 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
43.4

 
47.0

Restructuring charges
0.4

 
—

Operating income
24.8

 
22.1

 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(6.6
)
 
(7.0
)
Other (expense) income, net
(2.1
)
 
4.9

 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
16.1

 
20.0

Income tax expense
7.2

 
6.5

 
 
 
 
Net income
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

 
 
 
 
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
 

 
 

Basic
$
0.18

 
$
0.25

Diluted
$
0.18

 
$
0.25

 
 
 
 
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:
 

 
 

Basic
49.7

 
53.5

Diluted
49.9

 
53.7

 
 
 
 
Cash dividends per common share
$
0.18

 
$
0.18

 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4
Table of Contents    

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
($ in millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Net income
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 

 
 

Pension and postretirement benefits, net of tax of $(2.3) and $(1.8), respectively
3.7

 
3.0

Net loss on derivative instruments, net of tax of $3.4 and $11.0, respectively
(5.5
)
 
(18.2
)
Foreign currency translation
(3.3
)
 
(7.9
)
Other comprehensive loss
(5.1
)
 
(23.1
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
3.8

 
$
(9.6
)
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5
Table of Contents    

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
($ in millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Net income
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
29.9

 
30.3

Deferred income taxes
(1.0
)
 
2.6

Net pension expense
13.4

 
11.5

Share-based compensation expense
2.7

 
2.5

Net loss on disposal of property and equipment
0.1

 
—

Changes in working capital and other:
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
24.4

 
16.2

Inventories
(33.0
)
 
(30.8
)
Other current assets
(4.8
)
 
(6.3
)
Accounts payable
2.5

 
1.3

Accrued liabilities
(1.6
)
 
(17.2
)
Pension plan contributions
—

 
(2.8
)
Other postretirement plan contributions
(3.4
)
 
(3.6
)
Other, net
3.4

 
(2.2
)
Net cash provided from operating activities
41.5

 
15.0

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Purchases of property, equipment and software
(29.9
)
 
(59.0
)
Proceeds from disposals of property and equipment
—

 
0.1

Other
4.0

 
—

Net cash used for investing activities
(25.9
)
 
(58.9
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 

 
 

Dividends paid
(9.0
)
 
(9.6
)
Purchase of treasury stock
(45.9
)
 
—

Payments on seller financed debt related to software
(1.2
)
 
—

Tax benefits on share-based compensation
—

 
0.1

Proceeds from stock options exercised
0.1

 
0.7

Net cash used for financing activities
(56.0
)
 
(8.8
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
1.0

 
(1.3
)
DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
(39.4
)
 
(54.0
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
70.0

 
120.0

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
30.6

 
$
66.0

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
 

 
 

Non-cash investing activities:
 

 
 

Acquisition of property, equipment and software
$
10.7

 
$
37.9

Non-cash financing activities:
 
 
 
Seller financed debt related to purchase of software
$
—

 
$
4.9


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6
Table of Contents    

CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2015 AND 2014
(Unaudited)
($ in millions, except per share data)
 
 
Common Stock
 
Reinvested Earnings
 
Common Stock in Treasury
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 
Total Equity
 
Par Value Of $5
 
Capital in Excess of Par Value
 
 
 
 
Balances at June 30, 2015
$
276.2

 
$
266.6

 
$
1,332.4

 
$
(221.1
)
 
$
(328.2
)
 
$
1,325.9

Net income
 

 
 

 
8.9

 
 

 
 

 
8.9

Pension and postretirement benefits gain, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
3.7

 
3.7

Net loss on derivative instruments, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(5.5
)
 
(5.5
)
Foreign currency translation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(3.3
)
 
(3.3
)
Cash Dividends:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
0

Common @ $0.18 per share
 

 
 

 
(9.0
)
 
 

 
 

 
(9.0
)
Purchase of treasury stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
(45.9
)
 
 
 
(45.9
)
Share-based compensation plans
 

 
2.0

 
 

 
0.4

 
 

 
2.4

Stock options exercised


 
0.1

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
0.1

Tax shortfall on share-based compensation
 

 
(0.1
)
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(0.1
)
Balances at September 30, 2015
$
276.2

 
$
268.6

 
$
1,332.3

 
$
(266.6
)
 
$
(333.3
)
 
$
1,277.2

 
 
Common Stock
 
Reinvested Earnings
 
Common Stock in Treasury
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 
Total Equity
 
Par Value Of $5
 
Capital in Excess of Par Value
 
 
 
 
Balances at June 30, 2014
$
275.8

 
$
263.5

 
$
1,311.6

 
$
(101.4
)
 
$
(245.2
)
 
$
1,504.3

Net income
 

 
 

 
13.5

 
 

 
 

 
13.5

Pension and postretirement benefits gain, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
3.0

 
3.0

Net loss on derivative instruments, net of tax
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(18.2
)
 
(18.2
)
Foreign currency translation
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
(7.9
)
 
(7.9
)
Cash Dividends:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
0

Common @ $0.18 per share
 

 
 

 
(9.6
)
 
 

 
 

 
(9.6
)
Share-based compensation plans
 

 
(3.6
)
 
 

 
3.3

 
 

 
(0.3
)
Stock options exercised
0.1

 
0.6

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
0.7

Tax windfall on share-based compensation
 

 
0.1

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
0.1

Other
 
 
 
 
(0.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
(0.1
)
Balances at September 30, 2014
$
275.9

 
$
260.6

 
$
1,315.4

 
$
(98.1
)
 
$
(268.3
)
 
$
1,485.5

 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


 
1.
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the results are reflected in the interim periods presented. The June 30, 2015 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Carpenter’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2015 (the “2015 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period.

Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements for prior year periods have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal year 2015 presentation.

As used throughout this report, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “Carpenter”, the “Company”, “Registrant”, “Issuer”, “we” and “our” refer to Carpenter Technology Corporation.
 
2.
Restructuring Charges
 
During fiscal year 2015, the Company initiated a restructuring plan, which was substantially concluded during the three months ended September 30, 2015. The plan focused on position eliminations, site closures and exiting a material development program.

Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges at September 30, 2015 were as follows:

($ in millions)
 
Reserve Balance
Reserve balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
2.3

Cash payments
 
(0.9
)
Restructuring charges
 
0.4

Other
 
(0.4
)
Reserve balance at September 30, 2015
 
$
1.4


The remaining reserve is expected to be substantially paid in cash during fiscal year 2016.

3.
Earnings per Common Share
 
The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share using the two class method. Under the two class method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities (nonvested restricted shares and units that receive non-forfeitable dividends) according to their participation rights in dividends and undistributed earnings. The earnings available to each class of stock are divided by the weighted average number of outstanding shares for the period in each class. Diluted earnings per share assumes the issuance of common stock for all potentially dilutive share equivalents outstanding.
 

8
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2015
 
2014
Net income
 
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

Less: earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities
 
—

 
—

Earnings available for common stockholders used in calculation of basic earnings per share
 
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic
 
49.7

 
53.5

 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
 
$
0.18

 
$
0.25

 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

Less: earnings and dividends allocated to participating securities
 
—

 
—

Earnings available for common stockholders used in calculation of diluted earnings per share
 
$
8.9

 
$
13.5

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic
 
49.7

 
53.5

Effect of shares issuable under share-based compensation plans
 
0.2

 
0.2

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted
 
49.9

 
53.7

 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share
 
$
0.18

 
$
0.25

 
The following awards issued under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the above calculations of diluted earnings per share because their effects were anti-dilutive:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
(in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Stock options
 
1.3

 
0.3

 
4.
Inventories
 
Inventories consisted of the following components as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015:
 
($ in millions)
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
Raw materials and supplies
 
$
141.5

 
$
121.7

Work in process
 
341.0

 
346.1

Finished and purchased products
 
204.2

 
188.0

Total inventory
 
$
686.7

 
$
655.8

 
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost for inventories is principally determined using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. The Company also uses the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) and average costs methods.
 

9
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


5.
Accrued Liabilities
 
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015:
 
($ in millions)
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
Accrued compensation and benefits
 
$
44.3

 
$
44.3

Derivative financial instruments
 
42.2

 
32.7

Accrued postretirement benefits
 
14.0

 
14.0

Accrued income taxes
 
9.3

 
8.7

Accrued interest expense
 
5.6

 
11.2

Accrued pension liabilities
 
3.3

 
3.3

Other
 
40.3

 
38.4

Total accrued liabilities
 
$
159.0

 
$
152.6

 
6.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
 
The components of the net periodic benefit cost related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Pension Plans
 
Other Postretirement Plans
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Service cost
 
$
7.7

 
$
8.0

 
$
0.8

 
$
1.1

Interest cost
 
14.5

 
13.5

 
2.5

 
3.0

Expected return on plan assets
 
(16.4
)
 
(17.2
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(1.7
)
Amortization of net loss
 
6.8

 
4.2

 
0.7

 
0.5

Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)
 
0.1

 
0.1

 
(1.6
)
 
—

Net periodic benefit costs
 
$
12.7

 
$
8.6

 
$
0.7

 
$
2.9


During the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company made $0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans. The Company currently expects to make no contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans during the remainder of fiscal year 2016.
 
7.
Debt
 
The Company's $500.0 million syndicated credit facility (“Credit Agreement”) extends to June 2018. Interest on the borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrue at variable rates, based upon LIBOR or a defined “Base Rate,” both determined based upon the rating of the Company’s senior unsecured long-term debt (the “Debt Rating”). The applicable margin to be added to LIBOR ranges from 0.75% to 1.90% (1.25% as of September 30, 2015), and for Base Rate-determined loans, from 0.00% to 0.90% (0.25% as of September 30, 2015). The Company also pays a quarterly commitment fee ranging from 0.075% to 0.375% (0.150% as of September 30, 2015), determined based upon the Debt Rating, of the unused portion of the $500.0 million commitment under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company must pay certain letter of credit fees, ranging from 0.75% to 1.90% (1.25% as of September 30, 2015), with respect to letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement. The Company has the right to voluntarily prepay and reborrow loans and to terminate or reduce the commitments under the facility. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had $7.1 million of issued letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, with the balance of $492.9 million available to the Company.
 
The Company is subject to certain financial and restrictive covenants under the Credit Agreement, which, among other things, require the maintenance of a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00. The interest coverage ratio is defined in the Credit Agreement as, for any period, the ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and

10
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


amortization and non-cash net pension expense (“EBITDA”) to consolidated interest expense for such period. The Credit Agreement also requires the Company to maintain a debt to capital ratio of less than 55 percent. The debt to capital ratio is defined in the Credit Agreement as the ratio of consolidated indebtedness, as defined therein, to consolidated capitalization, as defined therein. As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all of the covenants of the Credit Agreement.
 
Long-term debt outstanding as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015 consisted of the following:
 
($ in millions)
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
Medium-term notes, Series B at 6.97% to 7.10% due from April 2018 to May 2018 (face value of $55.0 million at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015)
 
$
55.0

 
$
55.0

Senior unsecured notes, 5.20% due July 2021 (face value of $250.0 million at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015)
 
256.3

 
252.5

Senior unsecured notes, 4.45% due March 2023 (face value of $300.0 million at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015)
 
299.7

 
299.6

Total
 
611.0

 
607.1

Less: amounts due within one year
 
—

 
—

Long-term debt, net of current portion
 
$
611.0

 
$
607.1

 
For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, interest costs totaled $7.2 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of which $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively, were capitalized as part of the cost of property, plant, equipment and software.

8.
Contingencies and Commitments

Environmental
 
The Company is subject to various federal, state, local and international environmental laws and regulations relating to pollution, protection of public health and the environment, natural resource damages and occupational safety and health. Although compliance with these laws and regulations may affect the costs of the Company’s operations, compliance costs to date have not been material. The Company has environmental remediation liabilities at some of its owned operating facilities and has been designated as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) with respect to certain third party Superfund waste-disposal sites and other third party-owned sites. The Company accrues amounts for environmental remediation costs that represent management’s best estimate of the probable and reasonably estimable future costs related to environmental remediation. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, there was no change to the liability for a company-owned former operating site. The liabilities recorded for environmental remediation costs at Superfund sites, other third party-owned sites and Carpenter-owned current or former operating facilities remaining at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015 were $15.9 million. Additionally, the Company has been notified that it may be a PRP with respect to other Superfund sites as to which no proceedings have been instituted against the Company. Neither the exact amount of remediation costs nor the final method of their allocation among all designated PRP’s at these Superfund sites have been determined. Accordingly, at this time, we cannot reasonably estimate expected costs for such matters. The liability for future environmental remediation costs that can be reasonably estimated is evaluated by management on a quarterly basis.


11
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CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


Other
 
The Company is defending various routine claims and legal actions that are incidental to its business and common to its operations, including those pertaining to product claims, commercial disputes, patent infringement, employment actions, employee benefits, compliance with domestic and foreign laws, personal injury claims and tax issues. Like many other manufacturing companies in recent years, the Company, from time to time, has been named as a defendant in lawsuits alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to chemicals and substances in the workplace such as asbestos. The Company provides for costs relating to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The effect of the outcome of these matters on the Company’s future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount and timing (both as to recording future charges to operations and cash expenditures) of the resolution of such matters. While it is not feasible to determine the outcome of these matters, management believes that the total liability from these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows over the long-term. However, there can be no assurance that an increase in the scope of pending matters or that any future lawsuits, claims, proceedings or investigations will not be material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in a particular future quarter or year.

9.    Share Repurchase Program

In October 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program. The program authorizes the purchase of up to $500.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock over two years. The shares may be repurchased from time to time at the Company's discretion based on capital needs of the business, general market conditions and the market price of the stock. The share repurchase program may be discontinued at any time. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company purchased 1,206,600 of its common stock on the open market for an aggregate of $45.9 million. As of September 30, 2015, $329.6 million remains available for future purchases.

10.
Fair Value Measurements
 
The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 refers to observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 refers to unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. Currently, the Company does not use Level 1 and 3 inputs.
 

12
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:
 
September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value
Measurements Using
Input Type
($ in millions)
 
Level 2
Assets:
 
 

Marketable securities
 
 

Municipal auction rate securities
 
$
5.0

Derivative financial instruments
 
7.8

Total assets
 
$
12.8

 
 
 

Liabilities:
 
 

Derivative financial instruments
 
$
64.9

 
June 30, 2015
 
Fair Value
Measurements Using
Input Type
($ in millions)
 
Level 2
Assets:
 
 

Marketable securities
 
 

Municipal auction rate securities
 
$
5.0

Derivative financial instruments
 
4.4

Total assets
 
$
9.4

 
 
 

Liabilities:
 
 

Derivative financial instruments
 
$
53.5

 
The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of commodity forward contracts, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and forward interest rate swaps. These instruments are measured at fair value using the market method valuation technique. The inputs to this technique utilize information related to foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates published by third party leading financial news and data providers. This is observable data; however, the valuation of these instruments is not based on actual transactions for the same instruments and, as such, they are classified as Level 2. The Company’s use of derivatives and hedging policies are more fully discussed in Note 11.
 
The Company has currently chosen not to elect the fair value option for any items that are not already required to be measured at fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
The carrying amounts of other financial instruments not listed in the table below approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value in the financial statements were as follows:
 
 
 
September 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2015
($ in millions)
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
Long-term debt
 
$
611.0

 
$
619.6

 
$
607.1

 
$
628.6

Company-owned life insurance
 
$
12.3

 
$
12.3

 
$
13.0

 
$
13.0

 

13
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The carrying amount of company-owned life insurance reflects cash surrender values based upon the market values of underlying securities, using Level 2 inputs, net of any outstanding policy loans. The carrying value associated with the cash surrender value of these policies is recorded in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
The fair values of long-term debt as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015 were determined by using current interest rates for debt with terms and maturities similar to the Company’s existing debt arrangements and accordingly would be classified as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.
 
11.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
 
The Company uses commodity forwards, interest rate swaps, forward interest rate swaps and foreign currency forwards to manage risks generally associated with commodity price, interest rate and foreign currency rate fluctuations. The following explains the various types of derivatives and includes a recap about the impact the derivative instruments had on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Cash Flow Hedging — Commodity forward contracts: The Company enters into commodity forward contracts to fix the price of a portion of anticipated future purchases of certain critical raw materials and energy to manage the risk of cash flow variability associated with volatile commodity prices. The commodity forward contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges. The qualifying hedge contracts are marked-to-market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) to the extent effective, and reclassified to cost of sales in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings or it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had forward contracts to purchase 25.5 million pounds of certain raw materials with settlement dates through December 2019.
 
Cash Flow Hedging — Forward interest rate swaps: Historically, the Company has entered into forward interest rate swap contracts to manage the risk of cash flow variability associated with fixed interest debt expected to be issued. The forward interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges. The qualifying hedge contracts were marked-to-market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses were included in AOCI to the extent effective, and reclassified to interest expense in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings or it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur.  For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, net gains of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, were recorded as a reduction to interest expense. These amounts represent the impact of previously terminated swaps which are being amortized over the remaining term of the underlying debt.
 
Cash Flow Hedging — Foreign currency forward contracts: The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of anticipated future sales denominated in foreign currencies, principally the Euro and Pound Sterling, in order to offset the effect of changes in exchange rates. The qualifying hedge contracts are marked-to-market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in AOCI to the extent effective, and reclassified to net sales in the period during which the transaction affects earnings or it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur.
 
The Company also uses foreign currency forward contracts to protect certain short-term asset positions denominated in foreign currency against the effect of changes in exchange rates. These positions do not qualify for hedge accounting and accordingly are marked-to-market at each reporting date through charges to other income and expense. As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the fair value of the outstanding foreign currency forwards not designated as hedging instruments and the charges to income for changes in fair value for these contracts were not material.
 
Fair Value Hedging - Interest rate swaps: The Company uses interest rate swaps to achieve a level of floating rate debt relative to fixed rate debt where appropriate. The Company has designated fixed to floating interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. Accordingly, the changes in the fair value of these instruments are immediately recorded in earnings. The mark-to-market values of both the fair value hedging instruments and the underlying debt obligations are recorded as equal and offsetting gains and losses in interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the total notional amount of floating interest rate contracts was $150.0 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, net gains of $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, were recorded as a reduction to interest expense.
 

14
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The fair value and location of outstanding derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015:
 
September 30, 2015
 
Interest
Rate Swaps
 
Foreign
Currency
Contracts
 
Commodity
Contracts
 
Total
Derivatives
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
Asset Derivatives:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other current assets
 
$
0.6

 
$
0.6

 
$
—

 
$
1.2

Other assets
 
6.6

 
—

 
—

 
6.6

Total asset derivatives
 
$
7.2

 
$
0.6

 
$
—

 
$
7.8

Liability Derivatives:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Accrued liabilities
 
$
—

 
$
0.2

 
$
42.0

 
$
42.2

Other liabilities
 
—

 
—

 
22.7

 
22.7

Total liability derivatives
 
$
—

 
$
0.2

 
$
64.7

 
$
64.9

 
June 30, 2015
 
Interest
Rate Swaps
 
Foreign
Currency
Contracts
 
Commodity
Contracts
 
Total
Derivatives
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
Asset Derivatives:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other current assets
 
$
1.5

 
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
1.7

Other assets
 
2.7

 
—

 
—

 
2.7

Total asset derivatives
 
$
4.2

 
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
4.4

Liability Derivatives:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Accrued liabilities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
32.7

 
$
32.7

Other liabilities
 
—

 
—

 
20.8

 
20.8

Total liability derivatives
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
53.5

 
$
53.5


Substantially all of the Company's derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, or similar agreements with each counterparty, which provide for the option to settle contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day and in the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event. The Company presents the outstanding derivative contracts on a net basis by counterparty in the consolidated balance sheets. If the Company had chosen to present the derivative contracts on a gross basis, the total asset derivatives would have been $8.4 million and total liability derivatives would have been $65.5 million as of September 30, 2015.

According to the provisions of the Company’s derivative arrangements, in the event that the fair value of outstanding derivative positions with certain counterparties exceeds certain thresholds, the Company may be required to issue cash collateral to the counterparties. As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company had no cash collateral held by counterparties.
 
The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by counterparties on its derivative instruments as well as credit or performance risk with respect to its customer commitments to perform. Although nonperformance is possible, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of the parties. In addition, various master netting arrangements are in place with counterparties to facilitate settlements of gains and losses on these contracts.

 

15
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


Cash Flow Hedges
 
For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of AOCI and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings or it becomes probable the forecasted transactions will not occur. The following is a summary of the (losses) gains related to cash flow hedges recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
 
Amount of (Loss) Gain
Recognized in AOCI on
Derivatives
(Effective Portion)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship:
 
 

 
 

Commodity contracts
 
$
(18.5
)
 
$
(28.3
)
Foreign exchange contracts
 
0.2

 
1.5

Total
 
$
(18.3
)
 
$
(26.8
)
 
($ in millions)
 
Location of (Loss) Gain
Reclassified from AOCI into
Income
 
Amount of (Loss) Gain
Reclassified from AOCI
into Income
(Effective Portion)
 
Amount of (Loss) Gain
Reclassified from AOCI
into Income
(Ineffective Portion)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity contracts
 
Cost of sales
 
$
(9.3
)
 
$
2.0

 
$
—

 
$
0.4

Foreign exchange contracts
 
Net sales
 
(0.1
)
 
0.3

 
—

 
—

Forward interest rate swaps
 
Interest expense
 
0.1

 
0.1

 
—

 
—

Total
 
 
 
$
(9.3
)
 
$
2.4

 
$
—

 
$
0.4

 
The Company estimates that $21.8 million of net derivative losses included in AOCI as of September 30, 2015 will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months. No significant cash flow hedges were discontinued during the three months ended September 30, 2015.
 
The changes in AOCI associated with derivative hedging activities during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Balance, beginning
 
$
(28.5
)
 
$
7.6

Current period changes in fair value, net of tax
 
(11.4
)
 
(16.7
)
Reclassification to earnings, net of tax
 
5.9

 
(1.5
)
Balance, ending
 
$
(34.0
)
 
$
(10.6
)
  

16
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


12.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
 
Other (expense) income, net consisted of the following:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Foreign exchange
 
$
(1.2
)
 
$
0.6

Unrealized losses on company-owned life insurance contracts and investments held in rabbi trusts
 
(1.2
)
 
(0.3
)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries
 
0.3

 
0.1

Legal settlement
 
—

 
4.4

Other
 
—

 
0.1

Total other (expense) income, net
 
$
(2.1
)
 
$
4.9

 
13.
Income Taxes
 
The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur.
 
Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $7.2 million, or 44.7 percent of pre-tax income as compared with $6.5 million, or 32.5 percent of pre-tax income for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 includes a discrete tax charge for the deferred tax liability on unremitted foreign earnings of one of our foreign subsidiaries.

As of June 30, 2015, we had $118.5 million of indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings for which we have not provided deferred income taxes.  Due to a change in business strategy for one of our foreign subsidiaries, we have changed our intent with regard to the indefinite reinvestment of the foreign earnings for this subsidiary.  As a result of this change, we recorded a discrete deferred tax charge of $2.0 million in the quarter.  The remaining balance, approximately $112.9 million, of undistributed foreign earnings continues to be indefinitely reinvested.

14.
Business Segments
 
The Company has two reportable segments, Specialty Alloys Operations (“SAO”) and Performance Engineered Products (“PEP”).
 
The SAO segment is comprised of the Company’s major premium alloy and stainless steel manufacturing operations. This includes operations performed at mills primarily in Reading and Latrobe and surrounding areas in Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Alabama. The combined assets of the SAO operations are being managed in an integrated manner to optimize efficiency and profitability across the total system.
 
The PEP segment is comprised of the Company’s differentiated operations. This segment includes the Dynamet titanium business, the Carpenter Powder Products business, the Amega West business, the Specialty Steel Supply business, and the Latrobe and Mexico distribution businesses. The businesses in the PEP segment are managed with an entrepreneurial structure to promote flexibility and agility to quickly respond to market dynamics. 
 
The Company’s executive management evaluates the performance of these operating segments based on sales, operating income and cash flow generation. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that management considers not representative of ongoing operations, such as restructuring related charges and other specifically-identified income or expense items.
 

17
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


The service cost component of the Company’s net pension expense, which represents the estimated cost of future pension liabilities earned associated with active employees, is included in the operating income of the business segments. The residual net pension expense, which is comprised of the expected return on plan assets, interest costs on the projected benefit obligations of the plans and amortization of actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs, is included under the heading “Pension earnings, interest and deferrals”.
 
On a consolidated basis, one customer, Alcoa Inc., accounted for approximately 13 percent of the net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2015, and no single customer accounted for 10 percent or more of the Company's net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2014. Approximately 16 percent and 17 percent of the accounts receivable outstanding at September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively, are due from one customer, Alcoa, Inc.
Segment Data
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Net Sales:
 
 

 
 

Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
372.6

 
$
436.0

Performance Engineered Products
 
91.5

 
129.9

Intersegment
 
(8.5
)
 
(16.1
)
Consolidated net sales
 
$
455.6

 
$
549.8

Segment Data
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Operating Income:
 
 

 
 

Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
41.1

 
$
24.6

Performance Engineered Products
 
(0.4
)
 
9.7

Corporate costs
 
(12.0
)
 
(10.3
)
     Pension earnings, interest and deferrals
 
(4.8
)
 
(2.4
)
Intersegment
 
0.9

 
0.5

Consolidated operating income
 
$
24.8

 
$
22.1

Segment Data
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Depreciation and Amortization:
 
 

 
 

Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
23.5

 
$
23.5

Performance Engineered Products
 
5.7

 
6.0

Corporate
 
0.9

 
1.1

Intersegment
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.3
)
Consolidated depreciation and amortization
 
$
29.9

 
$
30.3


18
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


Segment Data
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Capital Expenditures:
 
 

 
 

Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
19.7

 
$
51.6

Performance Engineered Products
 
9.1

 
6.8

Corporate
 
1.1

 
1.0

Intersegment
 
—

 
(0.4
)
Consolidated capital expenditures
 
$
29.9

 
$
59.0

Segment Data
($ in millions)
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30,
2015
Total Assets:
 
 

 
 

Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
2,324.9

 
$
2,323.0

Performance Engineered Products
 
494.5

 
499.2

Corporate
 
91.7

 
125.0

Intersegment
 
(40.0
)
 
(41.3
)
Consolidated total assets
 
$
2,871.1

 
$
2,905.9


15.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The guidance in ASU 2014-09 requires that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance in ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. In August 2015, The FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of this guidance by one year. As such, the Company is required to adopt this standard for its interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 requires debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within the reporting period. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company expects the reclassification impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to be $4.4 million from other assets to long-term debt as of September 30, 2015.


19
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


16.
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
The changes in AOCI by component, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
($ in millions) (a)
 
Cash flow
hedging items
 
Pension and
other
postretirement
benefit plan
items
 
Unrealized
losses on
available-for-
sale securities
 
Foreign
currency
items
 
Total
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
(28.5
)
 
$
(256.8
)
 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(42.6
)
 
$
(328.2
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 
(11.4
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3.3
)
 
(14.7
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (b)
 
5.9

 
3.7

 
—

 
—

 
9.6

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(5.5
)
 
3.7

 
—

 
(3.3
)
 
(5.1
)
Balance at September 30, 2015
 
$
(34.0
)
 
$
(253.1
)
 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(45.9
)
 
$
(333.3
)
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
($ in millions) (a)
 
Cash flow
hedging items
 
Pension and
other
postretirement
benefit plan
items
 
Unrealized
losses on
available-for-
sale securities
 
Foreign
currency
items
 
Total
Balance at June 30, 2014
 
$
7.6

 
$
(236.7
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
(15.7
)
 
$
(245.2
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications
 
(16.7
)
 
—

 
—

 
(7.9
)
 
(24.6
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (b)
 
(1.5
)
 
3.0

 
—

 
—

 
1.5

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(18.2
)
 
3.0

 
—

 
(7.9
)
 
(23.1
)
Balance at September 30, 2014
 
$
(10.6
)
 
$
(233.7
)
 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
(23.6
)
 
$
(268.3
)
 
(a)
All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.
(b)
See separate table below for further details.

The following is a summary of amounts reclassified from AOCI for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
($ in millions) (a)
 
Location of
(loss) gain
 
Amount Reclassified from AOCI
Three Months Ended September 30,
Details about AOCI Components
 
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flow hedging items:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Commodity contracts
 
Cost of sales
 
$
(9.3
)
 
$
2.0

Foreign exchange contracts
 
Net sales
 
(0.1
)
 
0.3

Forward interest rate swaps
 
Interest expense
 
0.1

 
0.1

 
 
Total before tax
 
(9.3
)
 
2.4

 
 
Tax (expense) benefit
 
3.4

 
(0.9
)
 
 
Net of tax
 
$
(5.9
)
 
$
1.5

 


20
Table of Contents
CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)


($ in millions) (a)
 
Location of
(loss) gain
 
Amount Reclassified from AOCI
Three Months Ended September 30,
Details about AOCI Components
 
 
2015
 
2014
Amortization of pension and other postretirement benefit plan items
 
 
 
 

 
 

Net actuarial loss
 
(b)
 
$
(7.5
)
 
$
(4.7
)
Prior service cost (credits)
 
(b)
 
1.5

 
(0.1
)
 
 
Total before tax
 
(6.0
)
 
(4.8
)
 
 
Tax benefit
 
2.3

 
1.8

 
 
Net of tax
 
$
(3.7
)
 
$
(3.0
)

(a)
Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to income/loss.
(b)
These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note 6 for additional details).


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Background and General
 
We are engaged in the manufacturing, fabrication and distribution of specialty metals. We primarily process basic raw materials such as nickel, cobalt, titanium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, iron scrap and other metal alloying elements through various melting, hot forming and cold working facilities to produce finished products in the form of billet, bar, rod, wire and narrow strip in many sizes and finishes. We also produce certain metal powders. Our sales are distributed directly from our production plants and distribution network as well as through independent distributors. Unlike many other specialty steel producers, we operate our own worldwide network of service and distribution centers. These service centers, located in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia allow us to work more closely with customers and to offer various just-in-time stocking programs. We also manufacture and rent down-hole drilling tools and components used in the Oil and Gas industry.

As part of our overall business strategy, we have sought out and considered opportunities related to strategic acquisitions, divestitures and joint collaborations as well as possible business unit dispositions aimed at broadening our offering to the marketplace. We have participated with other companies to explore potential terms and structures of such opportunities and expect that we will continue to evaluate these opportunities.
 
Our discussions below in this Item 2 are based upon the more detailed discussions about our business, operations and financial condition included in Item 7 of our 2015 Form 10-K. Our discussions here focus on our results during or as of the three month period ended September 30, 2015 and the comparable period of fiscal year 2015, and to the extent applicable, on material changes from information discussed in the 2015 Form 10-K and other important intervening developments or information that we have reported on Form 8-K. These discussions should be read in conjunction with the 2015 Form 10-K for detailed background information and with any such intervening Form 8-K.
 
Impact of Raw Material Prices and Product Mix
 
We value most of our inventory utilizing the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) inventory costing methodology. Under the LIFO inventory costing method, changes in the cost of raw materials and production activities are recognized in cost of sales in the current period even though these materials may potentially have been acquired at significantly different values due to the length of time from the acquisition of the raw materials to the sale of the processed finished goods to the customers. In a period of rising raw material costs, the LIFO inventory valuation normally results in higher cost of sales. Conversely, in a period of decreasing raw material costs, the LIFO inventory valuation normally results in lower cost of sales.
 
The volatility of the costs of raw materials has impacted our operations over the past several years. We, and others in our industry, generally have been able to pass cost increases on major raw materials through to our customers using surcharges that are structured to recover increases in raw material costs. Generally, the formula used to calculate a surcharge is based on published prices of the respective raw materials for the previous month which correlates to the prices we pay for our raw material purchases. However, a portion of our surcharges to customers may be calculated using a different surcharge formula or

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may be based on the raw material prices at the time of order, which creates a lag between surcharge revenue and corresponding raw material costs recognized in cost of sales. The surcharge mechanism protects our net income on such sales except for the lag effect discussed above. However, surcharges have had a dilutive effect on our gross margin and operating margin percentages as described later in this report.

Approximately 25 percent of our net sales are sales to customers under firm price sales arrangements. Firm price sales arrangements involve a risk of profit margin fluctuations, particularly when raw material prices are volatile. In order to reduce the risk of fluctuating profit margins on these sales, we enter into commodity forward contracts to purchase certain critical raw materials necessary to produce the related products sold. Firm price sales arrangements generally include certain annual purchasing commitments and consumption schedules agreed to by the customers at selling prices based on raw material prices at the time the arrangements are established. If a customer fails to meet the volume commitments (or the consumption schedule deviates from the agreed-upon terms of the firm price sales arrangements), the Company may need to absorb the gains or losses associated with the commodity forward contracts on a temporary basis. Gains or losses associated with commodity forward contracts are reclassified to earnings/loss when earnings are impacted by the hedged transaction. Because we value most of our inventory under the LIFO costing methodology, changes in the cost of raw materials and production activities are recognized in cost of sales in the current period attempting to match the most recently incurred costs with revenues. Gains or losses on the commodity forward contracts are reclassified from other comprehensive (loss) income together with the actual purchase price of the underlying commodities when the underlying commodities are purchased and recorded in inventory. To the extent that the total purchase price of the commodities, inclusive of the gains or losses on the commodity forward contracts, are higher or lower relative to the beginning of year costs, our cost of goods sold reflects such amounts. Accordingly, the gains and/or losses associated with commodity forward contracts may not impact the same period that the firm price sales arrangements revenue is recognized, and comparisons of gross profit from period to period may be impacted. These firm price sales arrangements are expected to continue as we look to strengthen our long-term customer relationships by expanding, renewing and in certain cases extending to a longer-term, our customer long-term arrangements.
 
We produce hundreds of grades of materials with a wide range of pricing and profit levels depending on the grade. In addition, our product mix within a period is subject to the fluctuating order patterns of our customers as well as decisions we may make on participation in certain products based on available capacity, including the impacts of capacity commitments we may have under existing customer agreements. While we expect to see positive contribution from a more favorable product mix in our margin performance over time, the impact by period may fluctuate and period-to-period comparisons may vary.
 
Net Pension Expense
 
Net pension expense, as we define it below, includes the net periodic benefit costs related to both our pension and other postretirement plans. The net periodic benefit costs are determined annually based on beginning of year balances and are recorded ratably throughout the fiscal year, unless a significant re-measurement event occurs. We currently expect that the total net periodic benefit costs for fiscal year 2016 will be $53.6 million as compared with $44.5 million in fiscal year 2015.  The following is the pension expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
$
12.7

 
$
8.6

Other postretirement plans
 
0.7

 
2.9

Net periodic benefit costs
 
$
13.4

 
$
11.5

 
The service cost component of net pension expense represents the estimated cost of future pension liabilities earned associated with active employees. The pension earnings, interest and deferrals (“pension EID”) is comprised of the expected return on plan assets, interest costs on the projected benefit obligations of the plans and amortization of actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs.


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Net pension expense is recorded in accounts that are included in both the cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses based on the function of the associated employees. The following is a summary of the classification of net pension expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Cost of sales
 
 

 
 

Service cost
 
$
7.0

 
$
7.3

Pension earnings, interest and deferrals
 
3.3

 
1.3

 
 
$
10.3

 
$
8.6

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
 

 
 

Service cost
 
$
1.5

 
$
1.8

Pension earnings, interest and deferrals
 
1.6

 
1.1

 
 
$
3.1

 
$
2.9

 
 
 
 
 
Net pension expense
 
$
13.4

 
$
11.5

 
As of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015 amounts capitalized in gross inventory were $9.7 million and $9.5 million, respectively.
 
Operating Performance Overview
 
For the three months ended September 30, 2015, we reported net income of $8.9 million, or $0.18 earnings per diluted share. Excluding restructuring charges and special items, earnings per share would have been $0.26 per diluted share. This compares with net income for the same period a year earlier of $13.5 million, or $0.25 per diluted share. The results reflect the impacts of lower volumes offset by an improving product mix and operating cost improvements.  The three months ended September 30, 2014 included a $4.4 million favorable legal settlement.

We continue to evaluate the impacts of the challenges in the oil and gas business. We have taken actions where appropriate to reduce our cost structure. To the extent that we become aware that the current oil and gas business environment deteriorates further or our expectations for the duration of the downturn are worse than anticipated, further actions to align our cost structure could be necessary. These actions may result in additional restructuring charges and possible charges associated with asset impairments.
    
Results of Operations — Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
 
Net Sales
 
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2015 were $455.6 million, which was a 17 percent decrease over the same period a year ago. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales decreased 12 percent on a 19 percent decrease in shipment volume from the same period a year ago. The results reflect weakness in demand for materials used in the Energy end-use market primarily the Oil and Gas sector. In addition, this weakness in the Energy end-use market has affected order patterns for customers in our Industrial and Consumer end-use market. Partially offsetting the demand weakness in the Energy and Industrial and Consumer end-use markets is the demand growth in the Transportation end-use market.
 
Geographically, sales outside the United States decreased 9 percent from the same period a year ago to $139.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease is due to a reduction in sales primarily to Europe, in the Aerospace and Defense and Medical end-use markets. International sales represented 31 percent and 28 percent of total net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
 

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Sales by End-Use Markets
 
We sell to customers across diversified end-use markets. The following table includes comparative information for our net sales, which includes surcharge revenue by principal end-use markets.  We believe this is helpful supplemental information in analyzing the performance of the business from period to period:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
$
Increase
(Decrease)
 
%
Increase
(Decrease)
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
Aerospace and defense
 
$
228.9

 
$
235.1

 
$
(6.2
)
 
(3
)%
Energy
 
37.2

 
79.1

 
(41.9
)
 
(53
)%
Transportation
 
45.1

 
41.6

 
3.5

 
8
 %
Medical
 
27.0

 
29.4

 
(2.4
)
 
(8
)%
Industrial and consumer
 
87.4

 
128.6

 
(41.2
)
 
(32
)%
Distribution
 
30.0

 
36.0

 
(6.0
)
 
(17
)%
Total net sales
 
$
455.6

 
$
549.8

 
$
(94.2
)
 
(17
)%
 
The following table includes comparative information for our net sales by the same principal end-use markets, but excluding surcharge revenue:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
$
Increase
(Decrease)
 
%
Increase
(Decrease)
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
Aerospace and defense
 
$
187.0

 
$
180.7

 
$
6.3

 
3
 %
Energy
 
32.0

 
67.8

 
(35.8
)
 
(53
)%
Transportation
 
36.6

 
30.7

 
5.9

 
19
 %
Medical
 
25.0

 
26.7

 
(1.7
)
 
(6
)%
Industrial and consumer
 
74.7

 
98.6

 
(23.9
)
 
(24
)%
Distribution
 
29.8

 
35.6

 
(5.8
)
 
(16
)%
Total net sales excluding surcharge revenue
 
$
385.1

 
$
440.1

 
$
(55.0
)
 
(12
)%

Sales to the Aerospace and Defense end-use market decreased 3 percent from the first quarter a year ago to $228.9 million. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales increased 3 percent from the first quarter a year ago on a 1 percent increase in shipment volume. The results reflect a modest increase in sales of engine materials and stronger demand growth for materials used in structural applications. In addition, we are experiencing strength in our defense related sales with continued spending on supported programs.
 
Sales to the Energy market of $37.2 million reflect a 53 percent decrease from the first quarter a year ago. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales decreased 53 percent from a year ago on lower shipment volume of 50 percent. The results reflect the impact of low Oil and Gas prices and decreased global demand, which has significantly reduced drilling and completion activity. The North American quarterly average directional rig count decreased 51 percent from the same period a year ago.
 
Transportation market sales increased 8 percent from the first quarter a year ago to $45.1 million. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales increased 19 percent on 7 percent higher shipment volume from the first quarter a year ago. The results reflect a strengthening product mix for materials used in engine fasteners, valve and fuel system applications. In addition, increasing fuel efficiency standards are driving global demand growth for our materials.
 

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Medical market sales decreased 8 percent from the first quarter a year ago to $27.0 million. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales decreased 6 percent on 10 percent lower shipment volume from the first quarter a year ago. The results reflect pricing pressures on transactional business for titanium and stainless steel materials.

Industrial and Consumer market sales decreased 32 percent from the first quarter a year ago to $87.4 million. Excluding surcharge revenue, sales decreased 24 percent on a 36 percent decrease in shipment volume. The results reflect a decrease in demand for materials used in industrial components and related processing equipment due to the depressed Oil and Gas markets. Slowing global economies have reduced demand for these products, especially through the distribution end-use market. Despite the decrease in demand, the sales declined at a lower rate indicating a stronger product mix.

Gross Profit
 
Our gross profit in the first quarter decreased 1 percent to $68.6 million, or 15.1 percent of net sales (17.8 percent of net sales excluding surcharge), as compared with $69.1 million, or 12.6 percent of net sales (15.7 percent of net sales excluding surcharge), in the same quarter a year ago. The current quarter results reflect an improving SAO product mix and lower operating costs which were partially offset by lower volume compared to the same period a year ago.

 Our surcharge mechanism is structured to recover increases in raw material costs, although in certain cases with a lag effect as discussed above. While the surcharge generally protects the absolute gross profit dollars, it does have a dilutive effect on gross margin as a percent of sales. The following represents a summary of the dilutive impact of the surcharge on gross margin for the comparative three month periods. See the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further discussion of these financial measures.

 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Net sales
 
$
455.6

 
$
549.8

Less: surcharge revenue
 
70.5

 
109.7

Net sales excluding surcharge revenue
 
$
385.1

 
$
440.1

 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
 
$
68.6

 
$
69.1

 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin
 
15.1
%
 
12.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin excluding surcharge revenue
 
17.8
%
 
15.7
%
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $43.4 million were 9.5 percent of net sales (11.3 percent of net sales excluding surcharge) as compared with $47.0 million and 8.5 percent of net sales (10.7 percent of net sales excluding surcharge) in the same quarter a year ago. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased due to lower salaries, benefits and variable compensation expense of $3.8 million, lower depreciation and amortization of $0.9 million partially offset by consulting costs of $2.6 million related to the Business Management Office and strategic business review.

Restructuring Charges

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, we incurred $0.4 million of restructuring charges. These costs are trailing costs associated with the restructuring plan announced in the third quarter of fiscal year 2015.
 

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Operating Income
 
Our operating income in the recent first quarter was $24.8 million as compared with $22.1 million in the same period a year ago. Excluding surcharge revenue, pension EID, restructuring charges and special items, operating margin was 8.5 percent for the current quarter as compared with 5.6 percent a year ago. Our operating results for the first quarter of fiscal year 2016 reflect an improving SAO product mix and lower operating costs which were partially offset by lower volume compared to the same period a year ago.

Operating income has been significantly impacted by our pension EID, which may be volatile based on conditions in the financial markets, as well as restructuring charges and special items. The following presents our operating income and operating margin, in each case excluding the impact of surcharge revenue on net sales, pension EID, restructuring charges and special items. We present and discuss these financial measures because management believes removing these items provides a more consistent and meaningful basis for comparing ongoing results of operations from period to period. See the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further discussion of these financial measures.

 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
Net sales
 
$
455.6

 
$
549.8

Less: surcharge revenue
 
70.5

 
109.7

Net sales excluding surcharge revenue
 
$
385.1

 
$
440.1

 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
$
24.8

 
$
22.1

Pension EID
 
4.8

 
2.4

Operating income excluding pension EID
 
29.6

 
24.5

 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring charges and special items:
 
 
 
 
Restructuring charges
 
0.4

 
—

Consulting costs
 
2.6

 
—

Operating income excluding pension EID, restructuring charges and special items
 
$
32.6

 
$
24.5

 
 
 
 
 
Operating margin
 
5.4
%
 
4.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
Operating margin excluding surcharge revenue, pension EID, restructuring charges and special items
 
8.5
%
 
5.6
%

Interest Expense
 
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $6.6 million compared with $7.0 million in the same period a year ago. We have used interest rate swaps to achieve a level of floating rate debt to fixed rate debt where appropriate. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 includes net gains from interest rate swaps of $0.7 million compared with $0.4 million net gains from interest rate swaps for three months ended September 30, 2014.

Other (expense) income, net

Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was $2.1 million as compared with other income of $4.9 million in the same period a year ago. The results for the three months ended September 30, 2015 reflect foreign exchange losses of $1.2 million and unfavorable market return on company-owned life insurance of $1.2 million. The results for the three months ended September 30, 2014 reflect a favorable legal settlement of $4.4 million.

Income Taxes
 
Income taxes in the recent first quarter were $7.2 million, or 44.7 percent of pre-tax income versus $6.5 million, or 32.5 percent of pre-tax income in the same quarter a year ago. The current period includes a $2.0 million discrete tax charge recorded as a result of a decision to sell our equity investment in India.  

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Business Segment Results
 
We have two reportable business segments: Specialty Alloys Operations (“SAO”) and Performance Engineered Products (“PEP”).

The following table includes comparative information for volumes by business segment:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 

Increase
(Decrease)
 
%
Increase
(Decrease)
(Pounds sold, in thousands) 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
Specialty Alloys Operations
 
56,814

 
70,120

 
(13,306
)
 
(19
)%
Performance Engineered Products *
 
2,956

 
3,034

 
(78
)
 
(3
)%
Intersegment
 
(1,348
)
 
(1,408
)
 
60

 
4
 %
Consolidated pounds sold
 
58,422

 
71,746

 
(13,324
)
 
(19
)%

* Pounds sold data for PEP segment includes Dynamet and Carpenter Powder Products businesses only.

The following table includes comparative information for net sales by business segment:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
$
Increase
(Decrease)
 
%
Increase
(Decrease)
($ in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
Specialty Alloys Operations
 
$
372.6

 
$
436.0

 
$
(63.4
)
 
(15
)%
Performance Engineered Products
 
91.5