UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT

TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number 1-07265

AMBASE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

One South Ocean Boulevard, Suite 301, Boca Raton, Fl. 33432

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (201) 265-0169

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class

Common Stock ($0.01 par value)

Rights to Purchase Common Stock

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "accelerated filer", "large accelerated filer", and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐   Accelerated Filer  ☐   Non-Accelerated Filer ☐   Smaller Reporting Company ☒

Emerging Growth Company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

At February 28, 2018, there were 40,737,751 shares of registrant's Common Stock outstanding.  At June 30, 2017, the aggregate market value of registrant's voting securities (consisting of its Common Stock) held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, based on the average bid and asking price on such date of the Common Stock of $1.00 per share was approximately $24 million.  The Common Stock constitutes registrant's only outstanding class of security.

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which Proxy Statement the registrant intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the close of its fiscal year, are incorporated by reference with respect to certain information contained therein, in Part III of this Annual Report.

The Exhibit Index is located in Part IV, Item 15, Page 48.

AmBase Corporation

Annual Report on Form 10-K

December 31, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

AmBase Corporation (the "Company" or "AmBase") is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1975.  AmBase is a holding company.

At December 31, 2017, the Company's assets consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, real estate owned and a deferred tax asset. On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding taxes.  The Company is engaged in the management of its assets and liabilities.  The executive office of the Company is located at One South Ocean Boulevard, Suite 301, Boca Raton, Florida 33432.

In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this impairment charge and the legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value. The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the strict foreclosure which has not yet been resolved.   

The Company had four (4) full-time and two (2) part-time employees at December 31, 2017.

Background

In August 1988, the Company acquired Carteret Bancorp Inc., which through its principal wholly owned subsidiary Carteret Savings Bank, FA, was principally engaged in retail and consumer banking, and mortgage banking including mortgage servicing. On December 4, 1992, the Office of Thrift Supervision ("OTS") placed Carteret Savings Bank, FA in receivership under the management of the Resolution Trust Corporation ("RTC") and a new institution, Carteret Federal Savings Bank, was established to assume the assets and certain liabilities of Carteret Savings Bank, FA.

The Company was a plaintiff in a legal proceeding, commenced in 1993, seeking recovery of damages from the United States Government for the loss of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Carteret Savings Bank, F.A. (the "Supervisory Goodwill" legal proceedings).  Pursuant to a Settlement Agreement between the Company, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-Receiver ("FDIC-R") and the Department of Justice ("DOJ") on behalf of the United States of America (the "United States"), (the "Settlement Agreement") as approved by the United States Court of Federal Claims (the "Court of Federal Claims"), in October 2012, the United States paid $180,650,000 directly to AmBase (the "Settlement Amount"). As part of the Settlement Agreement in the Company's Supervisory Goodwill legal proceedings, the Company is entitled to a tax gross-up in an amount to be determined if and when any federal taxes should be imposed on the Settlement Amount. In December 2014, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") completed their review of the examination of the Company's 2012 Federal Income Tax Return with no change to the tax return as filed.

STOCKHOLDER INQUIRIES

Stockholder inquiries, including requests for the following: (i) change of address; (ii) replacement of lost stock certificates; (iii) Common Stock name registration changes; (iv) Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; (v) Annual Reports on Form 10-K; (vi) proxy material; and (vii) information regarding stockholdings, should be directed to:

As the Company does not maintain a website, copies of Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Proxy Statements can also be obtained directly from the Company free of charge by sending a request to the Company by mail as follows:

The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Accordingly, the Company's public reports, including Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Proxy Statements, can be obtained through the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") EDGAR Database available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Materials filed with the SEC may also be read or copied by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.

The Company is subject to various risks, many of which are beyond the Company's control, which could have a negative effect on the Company and its financial condition. As a result of these and other factors, the Company may experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis which could materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, operating results and stock price. An investment in the Company's stock involves various risks, including those mentioned below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Annual Report"), and those that are detailed from time to time in the Company's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, before you decide whether to purchase the Company's common stock.

Going Concern

The Company has incurred operating losses and used cash for operating activities for the past several years. In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company has also made significant investments in the 111 West 57th Street Property in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this impairment charge and the legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value. The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the strict foreclosure which has not yet been resolved. The Company has continued to keep operating expenses at a reduced level; however, there can be no assurance that the Company's current level of operating expenses will not increase or that other uses of cash will not be necessary.  The Company believes that based on its current level of operating expenses, its currently available cash and financial resources, together with the net proceeds from the sale of its commercial office building Greenwich, Connecticut as further discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, may not be sufficient to cover operating cash needs through the twelve month period from the financial statement reporting date. Based on the above factors, management determined there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include adjustments to the carrying value of assets and liabilities which might be necessary should the Company not continue in operation.

Over the next several months, the Company will seek to manage its current level of cash and cash equivalents, through various ways, including but not limited to, reducing operating expenses, possible asset sales and/or long term borrowings, which may include additional borrowings from affiliates of the Company, although this cannot be assured. In order to continue on a long-term basis, the Company must raise additional capital through the sale of assets or long term borrowings.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to sell any of its assets or attain such financing at terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

We are a party to a legal proceeding relating to our equity interest in the joint real estate venture 111 West 57th Partners, and may become subject to additional litigation in the future, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our common stock.

We are currently party to a lawsuit relating to our equity interest in the joint real estate venture 111 West 57th Partners, as further described in Part II – Item 8 – Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements.  There can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with any of its claims with respect to its interests in the 111 West 57^th Property or that any course of action will be successful in recovering value for the Company from this investment.  If the Company is unable to recover all or most of the value of its investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, there would be a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and future prospects.  Most recently, our litigation expenses to date have been funded substantially by advances from Richard A. Bianco, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; however, Mr. Bianco is under no obligation to fund the Company's litigation expenses beyond the amounts committed to in his Litigation Funding Agreement with the Company and litigation expenses could exceed such amounts. For additional information with regard to the Litigation Funding Agreement see Part II – Item 8 – Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements. In addition, in the future we may become subject to additional litigation, including claims relating to our operations, assets, offerings, and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be insured against.  An adverse determination with respect to any of these claims may result in our having to pay material judgments, or settlements, which could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flows, thereby having a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and per share trading price of our common stock. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flows and potentially expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured.

The Company is in a competitive business.

The real estate industry is highly competitive.  The Company competes for tenants for its unoccupied rental space with a large number of real estate property owners and other companies that sublet properties.  The Company's principal means of competition are rents charged in relation to the income producing potential of the location.  In addition, the Company expects other major real estate investors, some with much greater resources than the Company has, may compete with the Company for attractive acquisition opportunities.  These competitors include REITs, investment banking firms and private institutional investors.  This competition has increased prices for commercial properties and may impair the Company's ability to make suitable property acquisitions on favorable terms in the future.

Property ownership through equity investments and/or in joint ventures could subject us to the differing business objectives of our co-venturers.

The Company has entered into, and may continue in the future to enter into, equity investments and/or joint ventures (including limited liability companies and partnerships) in which the Company does not hold a direct or controlling interest in the assets underlying the entities in which it invests, including equity investments and/or joint ventures in which (i) the Company owns a direct interest in an entity which controls such assets, or (ii) the Company owns a direct interest in an entity which owns indirect interests, through one or more intermediaries, of such assets. These equity investments and/or joint ventures may include ventures through which the Company would own an indirect economic interest of less than 100 percent of a property owned directly by such joint ventures, and may include equity investments and/or joint ventures that the Company does not control or manage.  These investments involve risks that do not exist with properties in which the Company owns a controlling interest with respect to the underlying assets, including the possibility that (i) we may become subject to material, legal disputes with our joint venture partners, as is the case with respect to our investment in the 111 West 57^th Property; (ii) our co-venturers or partners may, at any time, become insolvent or otherwise refuse to make capital contributions when due, (iii) we may be subject to additional capital calls for joint venture development or other expenses which we may be unable or unwilling to meet, possibly resulting in substantial dilution of our investment, (iv) we may become liable with respect to guarantees of payment or performance by the joint ventures, or (v) we may become subject to buy-sell arrangements which could cause us to sell our interests or acquire our co-venturer's or partner's interests in a joint venture.  Even where we have major decision rights or do not have major decision rights, because we lack a controlling interest, our co-venturers or partners may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives.  While we seek protective rights against such contrary actions, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in procuring any such protective rights, or if procured, that the rights will be sufficient to fully protect us against contrary actions.  Our organizational documents do not limit the amount of available funds that we may invest in equity investments and/or joint ventures and/or partnerships.  If the objectives of our co-venturers or partners are inconsistent with ours, it may adversely affect our ability to make receive and distributions or payments to our investors.

The Company has incurred operating losses over the last several years and may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

The Company has incurred operating losses over the last several years.  The Company has also made significant investments in the 111 West 57th Street Property in 2013, 2014 and 2015.  We expect our operating expenses in 2018 will remain relatively close to our most recent levels.  These losses, among other things, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our working capital, total assets and stockholders' equity.  Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with property development and management, we are unable to predict if or when we may become profitable, or if the Company's current financial resources will be adequate to fund operations over the next several years.  Nonetheless the Company will seek to manage its current level of cash and cash equivalents through various sources, including but not limited to reducing operating expenses, possible asset sales and/or long term borrowings.

Illiquidity of real estate limits our ability to act quickly.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid.  Such illiquidity may limit our ability to react quickly in response to changes in economic and other conditions.  If we want to sell an investment, we might not be able to dispose of that investment in the time period we desire, and the sales price of that investment might not recoup or exceed the amount of our investment. These limitations on our ability to sell our properties or investments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Fluctuations in the local market in which the Company's current equity investment in a development property is located may adversely impact the Company's financial condition and operating results. 

The Company's current equity investment in a development property is located in New York City. This geographic concentration could present risks if the New York City property market performance falls below expectations. The economic condition of this market could affect occupancy, property revenues, and expenses, from the property and its underlying asset value. The financial results of major local employers also may impact the cash flow and value of a property. This could have a negative impact on the Company's financial condition and operating results, which could affect the Company's ability to receive distributions from its investment interest in the property.

Development and redevelopment activities may be delayed, not completed, and/or not achieve expected results.

As the Company pursues investments in and/or development and redevelopment projects, these projects generally require various governmental and other approvals, which have no assurance of being received. The Company's investment in development and redevelopment activities generally entail certain risks, including the following:

These risks may reduce the funds available for distribution to the Company and have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Further, investment in and the development and redevelopment of real estate is also subject to the general risks associated with real estate investments. For further information regarding these risks, see the risk factor "The Company is subject to risks inherent in owning, developing and leasing real estate."

The Company is subject to risks inherent in owning, developing and leasing real estate.

The Company is subject to varying degrees of risk generally related to leasing and owning real estate, many of which are beyond the Company's control. In addition to general risks related to owning commercial real estate, the Company's risks include, among others:

Each of these factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to receive distributions from its properties and investments and the Company's financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, real estate investments are relatively illiquid, which means that the Company's ability to promptly sell the Company's property in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be limited.

Our insurance coverage on our property or properties may be inadequate or our insurance providers may default on their obligations to pay claims. 

We currently carry comprehensive insurance on our property or properties, including insurance for liability, fire and flood.  We cannot guarantee that the limits of our current policies will be sufficient in the event of a catastrophe to our property or properties.  We cannot guarantee that we will be able to renew or duplicate our current insurance coverage in adequate amounts or at reasonable prices.  In addition, while our current insurance policies insure us against loss from terrorist acts and toxic mold, in the future, insurance companies may no longer offer coverage against these types of losses, or, if offered, these types of insurance may be prohibitively expensive.  If any or all of the foregoing should occur, we may not have insurance coverage against certain types of losses and/or there may be decreases in the limits of insurance available.  Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of our insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a property or properties, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property or properties.  We cannot guarantee that material losses in excess of insurance proceeds will not occur in the future.  If any of our properties were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could seriously disrupt our operations, delay revenue and result in large expenses to repair or rebuild the property.  Such events could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  If one or more of our insurance providers were to fail to pay a claim as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or otherwise, the nonpayment of such claims could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, if one or more of our insurance providers were to become subject to insolvency, bankruptcy or other proceedings and our insurance policies with the provider were terminated or canceled as a result of those proceedings, we cannot guarantee that we would be able to find alternative coverage in adequate amounts or at reasonable prices.  In such case, we could experience a lapse in any or adequate insurance coverage with respect to one or more properties and be exposed to potential losses relating to any claims that may arise during such period of lapsed or inadequate coverage.

We are dependent on our key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed and the loss of whose service could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Whether our business is successful will be dependent in part upon the leadership, strategic business direction and real estate experience of our executive officers, particularly Richard A. Bianco, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.  Although we have entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Bianco, none of our executive officers or directors are subject to any covenants not to compete against the Company should they terminate their affiliation with the Company.  While we believe that we could find replacements for these key personnel, loss of their services could adversely affect our operations.  Although we carry some key man life insurance on Mr. Bianco, the amount of such coverage may not be sufficient to offset any adverse economic effects on our operations and we do not carry key man life insurance on any of our other executive officers or directors.

The Company may not be able to insure certain risks economically.

The Company may experience economic harm if any damage to the Company's property or properties is not covered by insurance. The Company cannot be certain that the Company will be able to insure all risks that the Company desires to insure economically or that all of the Company's insurers will be financially viable if the Company makes a claim. The Company may suffer losses that are not covered under the Company's insurance policies. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits should occur, the Company could lose capital invested in a property or properties, as well as any future revenue from the property or properties.

Changes in the composition of the Company's assets and liabilities through acquisitions, divestitures or corporate restructuring may affect the Company's results.

The Company may make future acquisitions or divestitures of assets or changes in how such assets are held. Any change in the composition of the Company's assets and liabilities or how such assets and liabilities are held could significantly affect the Company's financial position and the risks that the Company faces.

The Company may not be able to generate sufficient taxable income to fully realize the Company's deferred tax asset.

The Company has federal income tax net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards and other tax attributes.  If the Company is unable to generate sufficient taxable income, the Company may not be able to fully realize the benefit of the NOL carryforwards.

Changes in tax laws and uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Job Act could materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In December 2017, the United States ("U.S.") government enacted comprehensive income tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"). The 2017 Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), including, among other changes, significant changes to the U.S. corporate tax rate and certain other changes to the Code that impact the taxation of corporations. In certain instances the 2017 Tax Act requires complex computations to be performed that generally were not previously required by the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder; significant judgments to be made in interpreting the provisions of the 2017 Tax Act significant estimates to be made in certain calculations; and the preparation and analysis of information generally not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), and other standard-setting bodies could interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the 2017 Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered that differs from our interpretation. As we complete our analysis of the 2017 Tax Act, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance, we may make adjustments to provisional amounts that we have recorded that may materially impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made. Additionally, there is risk relating to assumptions regarding the outcome of tax matters, based in whole or in part upon consultation with outside advisors; risk relating to potential unfavorable decisions in tax proceedings; and risks regarding changes in, and/or interpretations of federal and state income tax laws. Additionally, the Company's tax advisors indicate that the IRS typically has broad discretion to examine taxpayer tax returns, even after refunds have been paid to taxpayers, which could result in adjustments to AMT Credit carryforward amounts claimed as refundable and/or AMT Credit carryforward amounts ultimately received.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may affect the market, on which the Company's common stock trades, the markets in which the Company operates the Company's operations and the Company's results of operations.

Terrorist attacks or armed conflicts could affect the Company's business or the businesses of the Company's tenants. The consequences of armed conflicts are unpredictable, and the Company may not be able to foresee events that could have an adverse effect on the Company's business. More generally, any of these events could cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and economy. They also could be a factor resulting in, or a continuation of, an economic recession in the U.S. or abroad. Any of these occurrences could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's operating results and revenues and may result in volatility of the market price for the Company's common stock.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data that may include intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our tenants and business partners, including personally identifiable information of our tenants and employees, on our networks.  Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions.  Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, disrupt our operations, and damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our business.

Because the Company from time to time maintains a majority of its assets in securities, the Company may in the future be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 resulting in additional costs and regulatory burdens.

Currently, the Company believes that either it is not within the definition of "Investment Company" as the term is defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") or, alternatively, may rely on one or more of the 1940 Act's exemptions. The Company intends to continue to conduct its operations in a manner that will exempt the Company from the registration requirements of the 1940 Act. If the Company were to be deemed to be an investment company because of the Company's investments securities holdings, the Company would be required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act.  The 1940 Act places significant restrictions on the capital structure and corporate governance of a registered investment company, and materially restricts its ability to conduct transactions with affiliates. Compliance with the 1940 Act could also increase the Company's operating costs.  Such changes could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

At December 31, 2017, the Company owned a commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut. The building was approximately 14,500 square feet with approximately 3,500 square feet utilized by the Company for office space. On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The Company leases approximately 1,085 square feet of office space for its executive office at One South Ocean Boulevard, Suite 301, Boca Raton, Florida 33432, with a lease expiration date in March 2019.

For a discussion of the Company's legal proceedings, see Part II - Item 8 - Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries may be named as a defendant in various lawsuits or proceedings.  At the current time, except as set forth in Part II - Item 8 - Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company is unaware of any legal proceedings pending against the Company.  The Company intends to aggressively contest all litigation and contingencies, as well as pursue all sources for contributions to settlements.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Common Stock of the Company is quoted in the over-the-counter market under the symbol ABCP. The sales prices per share for the Company's Common Stock represent the range of the reported high and low bid quotations.  Such prices reflect interdealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

As of February 28, 2018, there were approximately 8,200 beneficial owners of the Company's Common Stock.  No dividends were declared or paid on the Company's Common Stock in 2017 and 2016.  The Company has no current plans to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

For information concerning the Company's stockholder rights plan, see Part II - Item 8 - Note 6 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Common Stock Repurchase Plan

The Company's common stock repurchase plan (the "Repurchase Plan") allows for the repurchase by the Company of its common stock in the open market.  The Repurchase Plan is conditioned upon favorable business conditions and acceptable prices for the common stock. Purchases under the Repurchase Plan may be made, from time to time, in the open market, through block trades or otherwise. Depending on market conditions and other factors, purchases may be commenced or suspended any time or from time to time without prior notice.  No common stock repurchases have been made pursuant to the Repurchase Plan during 2017 or 2016.

Not applicable.

OF OPERATIONS

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are contained in Part II - Item 8, herein.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

AmBase Corporation (the "Company" or "AmBase") is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1975.  AmBase is a holding company.

At December 31, 2017, the Company's assets consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, real estate owned and a deferred tax asset. On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding taxes. The Company is engaged in the management of its assets and liabilities.

In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this impairment charge and the legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.  The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value. The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the strict foreclosure which has not yet been resolved.   

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

The Company's assets at December 31, 2017, aggregated $21,878,000, consisting principally of cash and cash equivalents of $70,000 and real estate owned, net of $1,632,000 and a deferred tax asset of $20,092,000.  At December 31, 2017, the Company's liabilities aggregated $2,722,000.  In addition, the Company has a litigation funding amount of $1,354,000 as further discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 10 of the Company's consolidated financial statements.  Total stockholders' equity was $17,802,000.

At December 31, 2017, real estate owned consisted of a 14,500 square foot commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, managed and operated by the Company. On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, to Maria USA, Inc. an unaffiliated third party. The sale price was $5,200,000, less normal real estate closing adjustments.  A gain from the sale will be reflected in the Company's financial statements for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2018. The Company used the sale proceeds to repay the full amount of the working capital loan plus accrued interest aggregating $2,623,000, to Mr. Richard A. Banco, the Company's Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. The remaining proceeds will be used for working capital. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 and Note 12 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, for additional information.

A fundamental principle of the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP is the assumption that an entity will continue in existence as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities occurring in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with this requirement, the Company has prepared its accompanying consolidated financial statements assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.

The Company's deferred tax asset at December 31, 2017, is due to a valuation allowance which was released in relation to the AMT Credit carryforwards which are projected to be refundable as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017.  See herein below and Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, for additional information.

The Company has incurred operating losses and used cash for operating activities for the past several years. In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company has also made significant investments in the 111 West 57th Street Property in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this impairment charge and the legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.  The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value. The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the strict foreclosure which has not yet been resolved. The Company has continued to keep operating expenses at a reduced level; however, there can be no assurance that the Company's current level of operating expenses will not increase or that other uses of cash will not be necessary.  The Company believes that based on its current level of operating expenses, its currently available cash and financial resources, together with the net proceeds from the sale of its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut as further discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 3 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, may not be sufficient to cover operating cash needs through the twelve month period from the financial statement reporting date.  Based on the above factors, management determined there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include adjustments to the carrying value of assets and liabilities which might be necessary should the Company not continue in operation.

Over the next several months, the Company will seek to manage its current level of cash and cash equivalents, through various ways, including but not limited to, reducing operating expenses, possible asset sales and/or long term borrowings which may include additional borrowings from affiliates of the Company, although this cannot be assured. In order to continue on a long-term basis, the Company must raise additional capital through the sale of assets or long term borrowings.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to sell any of its assets or attain such financing at terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

In May 2016, the Company and Mr. Richard A. Bianco, the Company's Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer ("Mr. R. A. Bianco") entered into an agreement for Mr. R. A. Bianco to provide to the Company a secured working capital line of credit. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Bianco made several loans to the Company, aggregating $2,296,000 as of December 31, 2017, for use as working capital.  The loans accrued interest at 5.25% per annum and were due on the earlier of the date the Company received funds from any source sufficient to pay all amounts due under the loans, including accrued interest thereon, or December 31, 2019. In January 2018, pursuant to the WC Agreement, Mr. R. A. Bianco made an additional loan of $250,000 to the Company for use as working capital in accordance with the same terms of the loans payable noted above. On January 26, 2018, in connection with the sale by the Company of its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, the Company repaid the full amount of the working capital loan, plus accrued interest aggregating $2,623,000 to Mr. R. A. Bianco, and the working capital line of credit agreement was terminated. For additional information, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 12 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the Company filed an action in New York State Supreme Court against the Sponsors, et al., pursuant to which the Company is seeking compensatory damages, as well as punitive damages, indemnification and equitable relief, including a declaration of the parties' rights, and an accounting.  For additional information, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the Company initiated a second litigation in the NY Court, Index No. 655031/2017, (the "111 West 57^th Spruce Action"). The defendants in the 111 West 57^th Spruce action are 111 W57 Mezz Investor, LLC, Spruce Capital Partners LLC, 111 West 57th Sponsor LLC, Michael Z. Stern, and Kevin P. Maloney (collectively, "Defendants") and nominal defendants 111 West 57th Partners LLC and 111 West 57^th Mezz 1 LLC. The junior mezzanine lender ("Spruce") had given notice to the junior mezzanine borrower that it proposed to accept the pledged collateral (including the joint venture members' collective interest in the property) in full satisfaction of the joint venture's indebtedness under the Junior Mezzanine Loan (i.e., a "Strict Foreclosure").

On August 30, 2017, Spruce issued a Notice of Retention of Pledged Collateral in Full Satisfaction of Indebtedness. By purporting to accept the pledged collateral, pursuant to a Strict Foreclosure process, Spruce claims to have completed the retention of the collateral pledged by the junior mezzanine borrower, and therefore, the Company's interest in the 111 West 57th Street Property.  The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property of $63,745,000, for the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value.

As noted above, despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsors and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company is and will continue to pursue the recovery of its asset value from various sources of recovery; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with respect to any of its claims. For additional information with regard to the Company's legal proceedings concerning the 111 West 57^th Property, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure, which has not yet been resolved. The Company is currently attempting to have the Appellate Division declare the Strict Foreclosure invalid and to enjoin the Strict Foreclosure. The Company moved for a stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, and that motion was denied by the appellate court on January 18, 2018. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information concerning the Company's pending appeal of its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure and the Company's recording of an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.

In September 2017, the Company and Mr. R. A. Bianco entered into an agreement pursuant to which Mr. R. A. Bianco will fund the Company's litigation expenses in connection with the 111 West 57^th Property (the "Litigation Funding Agreement").   For additional information including the terms of the Litigation Funding Agreement; see Part II – Item 8 – Note 10 to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company's consolidated balance sheet for December 31, 2017, includes $1,354,000 as a litigation funding amount which reflects the aggregate amounts funded pursuant to the Litigation Funding Agreement as of December 31, 2017.

With respect to its disputes and litigation relating to its interest in the 111 West 57th Property, the Company is continuing to pursue various legal courses of action, as well as considering other possible economic strategies, including the possible sale of the Company's interest in and/or rights with respect to the 111 West 57th Property. The Company is continuing to pursue other options to realize the Company's investment value and/or protect its legal rights.

 

The Company can give no assurances regarding the outcome of the matters described herein, including as to the effect of Spruce's actions described herein, whether the Sponsors will perform their contractual commitments to the Company under the JV Agreement, as to what further action, if any, the lenders may take with respect to the project, as to the ultimate resolution of the ongoing litigation proceedings relating to the Company's investment interest in the 111 West 57^th Property, as to the ultimate effect of the Sponsors', the Company's or the lenders' actions on the project, as to the completion or ultimate success of the project, or as to the value or ultimate realization of any portion of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Street Property. 

While the Company's management is evaluating future courses of action to protect and/or recover the value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the adverse developments make it uncertain as to whether any such courses of action will be successful. Any such efforts are likely to require sustained effort over a period of time, and require substantial additional financial resources. Inability to recover all or most of such value would in all likelihood have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and future prospects.

The amounts noted herein pursuant to the WC Agreement are distinct from the line of credit agreement for the 111 West 57^th Property as noted herein and as discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 to the Company's consolidated financial statements and distinct from the Litigation Funding Agreement amounts as noted herein and as discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 10 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, cash of $4,166,000 was used by operations for the payment of operating expenses.  The cash needs of the Company in 2017 were satisfied by loans from Mr. R. A. Bianco and proceeds from Mr. R. A. Bianco pursuant to the Litigation Funding Agreement as noted above and the Company's financial resources.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, cash of $2,980,000 was used by operations for the payment of operating expenses.  The cash needs of the Company in 2016 were principally satisfied by the Company's financial resources.

In March 2017, the Company and Mr. R. A. Bianco, entered into an agreement for Mr. R. A. Bianco to provide to the Company a financial commitment in the form of a line of credit up to ten million dollars ($10,000,000) or additional amount(s) as may be necessary and agreed to enable AmBase to contribute capital to Investment LLC and/or other affiliated subsidiaries of the Company to meet capital calls for the of 111 West 57^th Property if and when the case may be necessary on terms agreeable to/by the Company (as determined by the independent members of the Board of Directors) and R. A. Bianco at such time. The agreement provides that additional borrowings from Mr. R. A. Bianco pursuant to this line of credit shall be secured by the Company's commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut. As a result of the sale of the Company's commercial office building in Greenwich CT. in January 2018, any borrowings from Mr. R.A. Bianco under this line of credit would be unsecured. A copy of such agreement is filed as an exhibit to the Company's current and previously filed periodic filings.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of December 31, 2017, increased from December 31, 2016, principally as a result of current period accruals for legal expenses in connection with the 111 West 57^th Property legal proceeding, which were paid in 2018, including accrued interest expense relating to the loan payable to Mr. R. A. Bianco.

There are no material commitments for capital expenditures as of December 31, 2017.  Inflation has had no material impact on the business and operations of the Company.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company recorded net loss of $48,057,000 or $1.18 per share for the year ended December 31, 2017.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded net loss of $3,219,000 or $0.08 per share.  The net loss for the full year period ended December 31, 2017 includes a $63,745,000 impairment of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein and in Part II – Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, offset by a net income tax benefit of $20,086,000 due to the recognition of a deferred tax asset  resulting from the recognition of AMT Credit carryforwards potentially refundable as provided for in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as further discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Compensation and benefits decreased to $1,214,000 in 2017 from $1,239,000 in 2016.  The decreased amount in 2017 as compared to 2016 is due to a slight decrease in certain benefit expenses in 2017 versus 2016.  No stock based compensation expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Professional and outside services expenses increased to $2,628,000 in 2017 from $1,123,000 in 2016.  The increase in 2017 as compared to 2016 is principally the result of a higher level of legal and professional fees incurred in 2017 in connection with the Company's legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.  Included in professional and outside services are legal expenses attributable to the Litigation Funding Agreement aggregating $1,510,000 for the full year period ended December 31, 2017; see Part II – Item 8 – Note 10 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information including terms of the Litigation Funding Agreement.

Property operating and maintenance expenses decreased slightly to $117,000 in 2017 from $134,000 in 2016.  The decrease is primarily due to a general decrease in costs and a lower level of repair and maintenance expenses in 2017 versus 2016. With the sale of the Company's commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut in January 2018, the Company anticipates that property operating and maintenance expenses will decrease in 2018 compared with prior years.

Insurance expenses decreased to $159,000 in 2017, compared with $170,000 in 2016.  The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in insurance coverage levels and insurance premium costs.

Other operating expenses decreased to $140,000 in 2017 compared with $200,000 in 2016 due to decreased Delaware franchise taxes resulting from the lower authorized share base in 2017 versus 2016 and a general lower level of expenses in 2017 versus 2016.

Interest expense of $67,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, represents accrued interest expense on the loan payable to Mr. R. A. Bianco which is included in accrued liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheet.  See Part II – Item 8 – Note 12 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for further information.

Other income of $128,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 is attributable to a gain on the sale of an interest in a real estate investment that was sold in July 2016.

Despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsors and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein and in Part II - Item 8 – Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property of $63,745,000 for the full year period ended December 31, 2017.  The Company is and will continue to pursue the recovery of its asset value from various sources of recovery; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with respect to any of its claims.

Equity income (loss) - 111 West 57^th Partners of $25,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, represents the Company's share of the 111 West 57^th Partners' loss for the year to date period ended June 30, 2017.  Equity income (loss) - 111 West 57^th Partners of $575,000 in 2016 represents the Company's share of the 111 West 57^th Partners' loss for the year ended December 31, 2016.  The equity loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is due to sales and marketing expenses incurred.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $20,092,000, partially offset by a $6,000 state tax expense, attributable to a provision for a tax on capital imposed by the state jurisdictions. The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017, is attributable to a release of a valuation allowance in relation to the AMT Credit carryforwards and resulting deferred tax asset due to recognition of AMT Credit carryforwards projected to be refundable as provided for in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act as further discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $142,000.  The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016 is related to current year and prior year state tax true-ups.

A reconciliation between income taxes computed at the statutory federal rate and the provision for income taxes is included in Part II - Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements. For additional information including a discussion of income tax matters, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 8 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and the accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. The determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following accounting policies, which are important to our consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations, require a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and represent the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, the results could be materially different from our reported results. For a summary of all our accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see Part II - Item 8 - Note 2 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Equity Method Investment:  Investments and ownership interests are accounted for under the equity method of accounting if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control (under GAAP), over the investment. Investments accounted for under the equity method are carried at cost, plus or minus the Company's equity in the increases and decreases in the net assets after the date of acquisition and certain other adjustments. The Company's share of income or loss for equity method investments is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as equity income (loss).  Dividends received, if any, would reduce the carrying amount of the Company's investment.

Legal Proceedings:  From time to time the Company and its subsidiaries may be named as a defendant in various lawsuits or proceedings. At the current time, except as set forth in Part II - Item 8 - Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company is unaware of any legal proceedings pending against the Company. Management of the Company, in consultation with outside legal counsel, continually reviews the likelihood of liability and associated costs of pending and threatened litigation including the basis for the calculation of any litigation reserves which may be necessary. The assessment of such reserves includes an exercise of judgment and is a matter of opinion. The Company intends to aggressively contest all threatened litigation and contingencies, as well as pursue all sources for contributions to settlements. For a discussion of lawsuits and proceedings, see Part II - Item 8 - Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Income Tax Audits:  The Company's federal, state and local tax returns, from time to time, may be audited by the tax authorities, which could result in proposed assessments or a change in the net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards and of alternative minimum tax ("AMT") Credits currently available.  In connection with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") examination of the Company's 2012 federal income tax return, the IRS accepted the Company's federal NOL loss carryforward deductions from 1997 through 2006 which were utilized as part of the Company's 2012 federal income tax return to reduce the Company's 2012 federal taxable income.  The Company has not been notified of any other potential tax audits by any federal, state or local tax authorities.  As such, the Company believes the statutes of limitations for the assessment of additional federal and state tax liabilities are generally closed for tax years prior to 2014.

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act") was enacted in December 2017 and includes a broad range of tax reforms, certain of which were required by GAAP to be recognized upon enactment. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company's accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act.

New Accounting Pronouncements: There are no new accounting pronouncements that would likely materially affect the Company's financial statements for the periods reported herein.

Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information

This Annual Report together with other statements and information publicly disseminated by the Company may contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or make oral statements that constitute forward looking statements. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted or quantified. The forward-looking statements may relate to such matters as anticipated financial performance, future revenues or earnings, business prospects, projected ventures, anticipated market performance, anticipated litigation results or the timing of pending litigation, and similar matters. When used in this Annual Report, the words "estimates," "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "plans," "intends" and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.  The Company cautions readers that a variety of factors could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company's forward-looking statements.  These risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control, include, but are not limited to those set forth in "Item 1A, Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report and in the Company's other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission including, but not limited to: (i) risks with regard to the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern; (ii) assumptions regarding the outcome of legal and/or tax matters, based in whole or in part upon consultation with outside advisors; (iii) risks arising from unfavorable decisions in tax, legal and/or other proceedings; (iv) transaction volume in the securities markets; (v) the volatility of the securities markets; (vi) fluctuations in interest rates; (vii) risks inherent in the real estate business, including, but not limited to, insurance risks, tenant defaults, risks associated with real estate development activities, changes in occupancy rates or real estate values; (viii) changes in regulatory requirements which could affect the cost of doing business; (ix) general economic conditions; (x) risks with regard to whether or not the Company's current financial resources will be adequate to fund operations over the next twelve months from financial statement issuance date and/or continue operations; (xi) changes in the rate of inflation and the related impact on the securities markets; (xii) changes in federal and state tax laws and (xiii) additionally, there is risk relating to assumptions regarding the outcome of tax matters, based in whole or in part upon consultation with outside advisors; risk relating to potential unfavorable decisions in tax proceedings; risks regarding changes in, and/or interpretations of federal and state income tax laws; and risk of IRS and/or state tax authority assessment of additional tax plus interest. These are not the only risks that we face. There may be additional risks that we do not presently know of or that we currently believe are immaterial which could also impair our business and financial position.

Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which are applicable only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this Annual Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the Company's expectations will be realized.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

AmBase Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1, the Company has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007, such date takes into account the acquisition of a portion of UHY LLP by Marcum LLP in April 2010.

New Haven, Connecticut
March 30, 2018

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Organization and Going Concern

AmBase Corporation (the "Company" or "AmBase") is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1975.  AmBase is a holding company.

At December 31, 2017, the Company's assets consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, real estate owned and a deferred tax asset. On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, see Note 3 herein for additional information. See Note 8 for additional information regarding taxes. The Company is engaged in the management of its assets and liabilities.

In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company has also made significant investments in the 111 West 57th Street Property in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). On August 30, 2017, Spruce issued a Notice of Retention of Pledged Collateral in Full Satisfaction of Indebtedness. By purporting to accept the pledged collateral, pursuant to a Strict Foreclosure process, Spruce claims to have completed the retention of the collateral pledged by the junior mezzanine borrower, and therefore, the Company's interest in the 111 West 57th Street Property. The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value.

As noted above, despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsors and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company is and will continue to pursue the recovery of its asset value from various sources of recovery; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with respect to any of its claims. For additional information with regard to the Company's legal proceedings related to the 111 West 57^th Property, see Note 4 and Note 9 herein.

The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure, which has not yet been resolved. The Company is currently attempting to have the Appellate Division declare the Strict Foreclosure invalid and to enjoin the Strict Foreclosure. The Company moved for a stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, and that motion was denied by the appellate court on January 18, 2018. See Note 4 and Note 9 herein for additional information concerning the Company's pending appeal of its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure and the Company's recording of an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.

A fundamental principle of the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP is the assumption that an entity will continue in existence as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities occurring in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with this requirement, the Company has prepared its accompanying consolidated financial statements assuming the Company will continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred operating losses and used cash for operating activities for the past several years. In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property"). The Company has also made significant investments in the 111 West 57th Street Property in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. See Note 4 and Note 9 to the Company's consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this impairment charge and the legal proceedings relating to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.  The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value. The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the strict foreclosure which has not yet been resolved. The Company has continued to keep operating expenses at a reduced level; however, there can be no assurance that the Company's current level of operating expenses will not increase or that other uses of cash will not be necessary.  The Company believes that based on its current level of operating expenses, its currently available cash and financial resources together with the net proceeds from the sale of its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut as further discussed in Note 3 herein, may not be sufficient to cover operating cash needs through the twelve month period from the financial statement reporting date. Based on the above factors, management determined there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The financial statements do not include adjustments to the carrying value of assets and liabilities which might be necessary should the Company not continue in operation.

Over the next several months, the Company will seek to manage its current level of cash and cash equivalents, through various ways, including but not limited to, reducing operating expenses, possible asset sales and/or long term borrowings which may include additional borrowings from affiliates of the Company, although this cannot be assured. In order to continue on a long-term basis, the Company must raise additional capital through the sale of assets or long term borrowings.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to sell any of its assets or attain such financing at terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

In September 2017, the Company and Mr. Richard A. Bianco, the Company's Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer ("R. A. Bianco") entered into an agreement pursuant to which Mr. R. A. Bianco will fund the Company's litigation expenses in connection with the 111 West 57^th Property (the "Litigation Funding Agreement").  For additional information including the terms of the Litigation Funding Agreement, see Note 10 herein.

With respect to its disputes and litigation relating to its interest in the 111 West 57th Property, the Company is continuing to pursue various legal courses of action, as well as considering other possible economic strategies, including the possible sale of the Company's interest in and/or rights with respect to the 111 West 57th Property. The Company is continuing to pursue other options to realize the Company's investment value and/or protect its legal rights.

The Company can give no assurances regarding the outcome of the matters described herein, including as to the effect of Spruce's actions described herein, whether the Sponsors will perform their contractual commitments to the Company under the JV Agreement, as to what further action, if any, the lenders may take with respect to the project, as to the ultimate resolution of the ongoing litigation proceedings relating to the Company's investment interest in the 111 West 57^th Property, as to the ultimate effect of the Sponsors', the Company's or the lenders' actions on the project, as to the completion or ultimate success of the project, or as to the value or ultimate realization of any portion of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Street Property. For additional information on the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property and the Company's legal actions related thereto, see Note 4 and Note 9.

While the Company's management is evaluating future courses of action to protect and/or recover the value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the adverse developments make it uncertain as to whether any such courses of action will be successful. Any such efforts are likely to require sustained effort over a period of time, and require substantial additional financial resources. Inability to recover all or most of such value would in all likelihood have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and future prospects.

In May 2016, the Company and Mr. R. A. Bianco entered into an agreement for Mr. R. A. Bianco to provide to the Company a secured working capital line of credit. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Bianco has made several loans to the Company, for use as working capital. On January 26, 2018, in connection with the sale by the Company of its office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, the Company repaid the full amount of the working capital loan, plus accrued interest to Mr. R. A. Bianco, and in connection therewith the working capital line of credit was terminated. For additional information, see Note 12 herein.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, that it deems reasonable, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates and assumptions.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Equity method investment

Investments and ownership interests are accounted for under the equity method of accounting if the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control (under GAAP), over the investment. Investments accounted for under the equity method are carried at cost, plus or minus the Company's equity in the increases and decreases in the net assets after the date of acquisition and certain other adjustments. The Company's share of income or loss for equity method investments is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as equity income (loss).  Dividends received, if any, would reduce the carrying amount of the Company's investment.

Cash and cash equivalents

Highly liquid investments, consisting principally of funds held in short-term money market accounts, with original maturities of less than three months, are classified as cash equivalents. The majority of the Company's cash and cash equivalents balances are maintained with a limited number of major financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents balances at institutions may, at times, be above the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit per account.

Income taxes

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company recognizes both the current and deferred tax consequences of all transactions that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements, calculated based on the provisions of enacted tax laws, including the tax rates in effect for current and future years. Net deferred tax assets are recognized immediately when a more likely than not criterion is met; that is, a greater than 50% probability exists that the tax benefits will actually be realized sometime in the future.  For additional information including a discussion of income tax matters see Note 9.

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act") was enacted in December 2017 and includes a broad range of tax reforms, certain of which were required by GAAP to be recognized upon enactment. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company's accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The Company has no stock options or securities which could be potentially dilutive outstanding.

Stock-based compensation

Under the Company's 1993 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1993 Plan"), the Company may grant to officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, stock options ("Options"), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock awards ("Restricted Stock"), merit awards ("Merit Awards") and performance share awards ("Performance Shares"), through May 28, 2018.  At the current time, the Company has decided not to extend the expiration date of the 1993 Plan.  A pre-determined number of shares of the Company's Common Stock are reserved for issuance under the 1993 Plan (upon the exercise of Options and Stock Appreciation Rights, upon awards of Restricted Stock and Performance Shares); however, only a portion of such shares shall be available for issuance for Restricted Stock Awards and Merit Awards. Shares issued pursuant to the 1993 Plan shall be authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock. Options may be granted as incentive stock options ("ISOs") intended to qualify for favorable tax treatment under Federal tax law or as nonqualified stock options ("NQSOs"). SARs may be granted with respect to any Options granted under the 1993 Plan and may be exercised only when the underlying Option is exercisable. The 1993 Plan requires that the exercise price of all Options and SARs be equal to or greater than the fair value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of grant of that Option. The term of any NQSO, ISO or related SAR cannot exceed terms under federal tax law and/or as prescribed in the 1993 Plan.  Subject to the terms of the 1993 Plan and any additional restrictions imposed at the time of grant, Options and any related SARs ordinarily will become exercisable pursuant to a vesting period prescribed at the time of grant.  In the case of a "Change of Control" of the Company (as defined in the 1993 Plan), options granted pursuant to the 1993 Plan may become fully exercisable as to all optioned shares from and after the date of such Change in Control in the discretion of the Committee or as may otherwise be provided in the grantee's Option agreement. Death, retirement, or absence for disability will not result in the cancellation of any Options.

Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards for which vesting is based solely on employment service, are based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  The Company recognizes these compensation costs for only those shares expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term.  Compensation expense relating to stock options is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity.  See Note 8 herein for a further discussion of stock-based compensation.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense for the Company's owned building is recorded on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets.  Tenant improvements if any, would be depreciated over the lesser of the remaining life of the tenants' lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements.  For additional information see Note 3.

New Accounting Pronouncements

There are no new accounting pronouncements that could materially affect the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Real Estate Owned

Real estate owned consists of a commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut that is managed and operated by the Company.  A portion of the building is utilized by the Company for office space; the remaining space was available for lease. Depreciation expense for the building is calculated on a straight-line basis. The building is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.

Information relating to the Company's real estate owned in Greenwich, Connecticut is as follows:

On January 26, 2018, the Company sold its building in Greenwich, Connecticut, to Maria USA, Inc. an unaffiliated third party. A gain from the sale will be reflected in the Company's financial statements for the quarterly period ending March 31, 2018. The Company used the sale proceeds to repay the full amount of the working capital loan plus accrued interest to Mr. R. A. Bianco. See Note 12 for additional information. The remaining proceeds will be used for working capital.

Information relating to the sale of the Company's real estate owned in Greenwich, Connecticut is as follows:

Note 4 – Investment in 111 West 57^th Partners LLC

In June 2013, the Company purchased an equity interest in a real estate development property through a joint venture agreement to purchase and develop real property located at 105 through 111 West 57^th Street in New York, New York (the "111 West 57^th Property").  The Company is engaged in material disputes and litigation with the sponsors of the joint venture (the "Sponsor") and a mezzanine lender to the joint venture ("Spruce"). On August 30, 2017, Spruce issued a Notice of Retention of Pledged Collateral in Full Satisfaction of Indebtedness. By purporting to accept the pledged collateral, pursuant to a Strict Foreclosure process, Spruce claims to have completed the retention of the collateral pledged by the junior mezzanine borrower, and therefore, the Company's interest in the 111 West 57th Street Property.  The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value.

As noted above, despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsors and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company is and will continue to pursue the recovery of its asset value from various sources of recovery; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with respect to any of its claims. For additional information with regard to the Company's legal proceedings related to the 111 West 57^th Property, see Note 4 and Note 9 herein.

The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure, which has not yet been resolved. The Company is currently attempting to have the Appellate Division declare the Strict Foreclosure invalid and to enjoin the Strict Foreclosure. The Company moved for a stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, and that motion was denied by the appellate court on January 18, 2018. See Note 4 and Note 9 herein for additional information concerning the Company's pending appeal of its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure and the Company's recording of an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.

See below for additional information with regard to background information regarding the Company's 111 West 57^th Property equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property and events leading up to the Strict Foreclosure, as follows:

In June 2013, 111 West 57^th Investment LLC, ("Investment LLC"), a then newly formed subsidiary of the Company, entered into a joint venture agreement (as amended, the "JV Agreement") with 111 West 57th Sponsor LLC, (the "Sponsor"), pursuant to which Investment LLC invested (the "Investment") in a real estate development property to purchase and develop the 111 West 57^th Street Property (the "111 West 57^th Property").  In consideration for making the Investment, Investment LLC was granted a membership interest in 111 West 57^th Partners LLC ("111 West 57^th Partners"), which indirectly acquired the 111 West 57^th Property on June 28, 2013 (the "Joint Venture," and such date, the "Closing Date").  The Company also indirectly contributed an additional amount to the Joint Venture in exchange for an additional indirect interest in the Joint Venture.  Other members and the Sponsor contributed additional cash and/or property to the Joint Venture.  The Joint Venture plans were to redevelop the 111 West 57th Property into a luxury residential tower and retail project.

Amounts relating to the Company's initial June 2013 investment and other information relating to the 111 West 57^th Property is as follows:

See below for additional information with regard to background information regarding the Company's 111 West 57^th Property equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property and events leading up to the Strict Foreclosure, as follows:

The JV Agreement and related operating agreements generally provide that all distributable cash shall be distributed as follows: (i) first, 100% to the members in proportion to their percentage interests until Investment LLC has received distributions yielding a 20% internal rate of return as calculated; (ii) second, 100% to the Sponsor as a return of (but not a return on) any additional capital contributions made by the Sponsor on account of manager overruns; and (iii) thereafter, (a) 50% to the members in proportion to their respective percentage interests at the time of such distribution, and (b) 50% to the Sponsor.

Additionally, the JV Agreement provides that (i) Mr. Richard A. Bianco (the Company's current Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer) ("Mr. R. A. Bianco"), his immediate family, and/or any limited liability company wholly-owned thereby, and/or a trust in which Mr. R. A. Bianco and/or his immediate family is the beneficiary, shall at all times own, in the aggregate, not less than 20% of the outstanding shares of AmBase; and (ii) Mr. R. A. Bianco shall remain the Chairman of the Board of Directors of AmBase for the duration of the JV Agreement.

In March 2014, the Company entered into an amended and restated operating agreement for Investment LLC (the "Amended and Restated Investment Operating Agreement") to grant a 10% subordinated participation interest in Investment LLC to Mr. R. A. Bianco as contingent future incentive for Mr. R. A. Bianco's past, current and anticipated ongoing role to develop and commercialize the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property.  Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Investment Operating Agreement, Mr. R.A. Bianco has no voting rights with respect to his interest in Investment LLC, and his entitlement to receive 10% of the distributions from Investment LLC is subject to the Company first receiving distributions equal to 150% of the Company's initial aggregate investment in Investment LLC and the Joint Venture, plus any additional investments by the Company, and only with respect to any distributions thereafter. At the current time the Company has not expensed nor accrued any amounts relating to this subordinated participation interest, as no amount or range of amounts can be reasonably estimated or assured.

During 2014, in connection with the funding of additional capital calls under the JV Agreement for required borrowing and development costs for the 111 West 57^th Property, the Company's management and its Board of Directors concluded that, given the continuing development risks of the 111 West 57^th Property and the Company's financial position, the Company should not at that time increase its already significant concentration and risk exposure to the 111 West 57th Property.  Nonetheless, the Company sought to limit dilution of its interest in the Joint Venture resulting from any failure to fund the capital call requirements, but at the same time wished to avoid the time, expense and financial return requirements (with attendant dilution and possible loss of voting rights) that obtaining a replacement third-party investor would require. The Company therefore entered into a second amended and restated operating agreement for Investment LLC ("Second Amended and Restated Investment Operating Agreement") pursuant to which Capital LLC was admitted as a member of Investment LLC. In exchange for Capital LLC contributing toward Investment LLC capital calls in respect of the 111 West 57^th Property, available cash of Investment LLC will be distributed first to Capital LLC until it has received a 20% internal rate of return (calculated as provided for in the JV Agreement as noted above), second to the Company until it has received 150% of its capital, and; thereafter, available cash is split 10/90 with 10% going to Mr. R.A. Bianco as the subordinated participation interest noted above and 90% going to Capital LLC and the Company pari-passu, with Capital LLC receiving one-half of its pro-rata share based on capital contributed and the Company receiving the balance. No other material changes were made to the Amended and Restated Investment Operating Agreement, and neither Mr. R. A. Bianco nor Capital LLC has any voting rights with respect to their interest and investment in Investment LLC.

In accordance with the JV Agreement, Shortfall Capital Contributions may be treated either as a member loan or as a dilutive capital contribution by the funding party valued at one and one-half times the amount actually contributed.  The Sponsors deemed the Shortfall Capital Contributions as dilutive capital contributions to the Company.  The Company disagrees with the Sponsors' investment percentage calculations. The Sponsors have taken the position that the Capital Contribution Requests, if taken together, would have caused the Company's combined ownership percentage to be diluted to approximately 48%. The parties have a dispute with regard to the calculation of the revised investment percentages resulting from the Capital Contribution Requests, along with the treatment and allocation of these Shortfall Capital Contribution amounts.

On June 30, 2015, 111 West 57^th Partners obtained financing for the 111 West 57^th Property.  The financing was obtained in two parts: (i) a first mortgage construction loan with AIG Asset Management (US), LLC (along with its affiliates "AIG"); and (ii) a mezzanine loan with Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, Inc. (along with its affiliates "Apollo"), as detailed herein below.  Both loans have a four-year term with a one-year extension option subject to satisfying certain conditions.  The loan agreements (the "Loan Agreements") also include customary events of default and other customary terms and conditions.  Simultaneously with the closing of the AIG and the Apollo financing, 111 West 57^th Partners repaid all outstanding liabilities and obligations to Annaly CRE, LLC under the initial mortgage and acquisition loan agreement, dated June 28, 2013, between joint venture entities and Annaly CRE, LLC.  The remaining loan proceeds were to be drawn down and used as necessary for construction and related costs, loan interest escrow and other related project expenses for development of the 111 West 57^th Property.

Information relating to the June 30, 2015 financing for 111 West 57^th Partners is as follows:

In December 2016, the Sponsor proposed for approval a "proposed budget" (the "Proposed Budget"), which the Sponsor claims represented an increase to the aggregate of hard cost line items of an amount slightly below the Equity Put Right threshold amount and a further increase in other costs thus resulting in the need for additional funding in order to complete the project. The Company disputes, among other items, the calculation of the percentage increase of hard costs shown in the Proposed Budget. The Company believes the aggregate projected hard costs in the Proposed Budget exceed a contractually stipulated limit as a percentage of the hard costs set forth in the prior approved budget, thus allowing Investment LLC the option to exercise its Equity Put Right. Consequently, subsequent to the Sponsors' presentation of the Proposed Budget, Investment LLC notified the Sponsor that it was exercising its Equity Put Right pursuant to the JV Agreement. The Sponsor refused to honor the exercise of Investment LLC's Equity Put Right. The Sponsor claims, among other things, that the conditions precedent were not met in that the increase in aggregate hard costs in the Proposed Budget does not exceed the contractually stipulated limit that would allow exercise of the Equity Put Right.

The Company further contends that a portion of the Proposed Budget increases should be manager overruns (as defined in the JV Agreement) and thus should be paid for by the Sponsor. The Sponsor denies that the Proposed Budget increases were manager overruns. The Company continues to challenge the nature and substance of the Proposed Budget increases and how they should be treated pursuant to the JV Agreement.

In March 2017, the Company and Mr. R. A. Bianco entered into an agreement for Mr. R. A. Bianco to provide to the Company a financial commitment in the form of a line of credit up to ten million dollars ($10,000,000) or additional amount(s) as may be necessary and agreed to enable AmBase to contribute capital to Investment LLC and/or other affiliated subsidiaries of the Company to meet capital calls for the of 111 West 57^th Property if and when the case may be necessary on terms agreeable to/by the Company (as determined by the independent members of the Board of Directors) and Mr. R. A. Bianco at such time.  The agreement provides that additional borrowings from Mr. R. A. Bianco pursuant to this line of credit shall be secured by the Company's commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut. As a result of the sale of the Company's commercial office building in Greenwich CT. in January 2018, any borrowings from Mr. R.A. Bianco under this line of credit would be unsecured.

The Sponsor claimed that additional borrowings of $60 million to $100 million were needed to complete the project. In addition, the Company had been informed by the Sponsors, that Apollo had indicated that due to budget increases, it believed the current loan had been "out of balance" (meaning, according to Apollo, the projected budget exceeds the original budget approved in connection with the loan); and thus 111 West 57th Partners LLC ("111 West 57th Partners"), or its subsidiaries would need additional funding in order to bring the loan back into balance. The Company considered approving the additional financing, but informed the Sponsor that it had concerns about the Proposed Budget and the implications of the Proposed Budget, as well as other questions which needed to be addressed first. Apollo had previously provided loan forbearances to the borrowers and guarantors in order to allow the Sponsor time (while the building continued to be built) to raise the additional financing that it claimed would be needed in order to complete the 111 West 57th project. This forbearance period ended on June 29, 2017. Around this date, the Company was advised that Apollo sold $25 million of the mezzanine loan—broken off as a junior mezzanine loan—to an affiliate of Spruce Capital Partners LLC, ("Spruce") (the "Junior Mezzanine Loan").

On June 30, 2017, Spruce declared an event of default under the Junior Mezzanine Loan and demanded immediate payment of the full outstanding balance of the Junior Mezzanine Loan.  Spruce gave notice to the junior mezzanine borrower that it proposed to accept the pledged collateral (including the joint venture members' collective interest in the property) in full satisfaction of the joint venture's indebtedness under the Junior Mezzanine Loan (i.e., a "Strict Foreclosure").

On July 25, 2017, the Company filed a complaint against Spruce and the Sponsor and requested injunctive relief halting the Strict Foreclosure from the New York State Supreme Court for New York County, (the "NY Court") Index No. 655031/2017, (the "111 West 57^th Spruce Action"). The defendants in the 111 West 57^th Spruce action are 111 W57 Mezz Investor, LLC, Spruce Capital Partners LLC, 111 West 57th Sponsor LLC, Michael Z. Stern, and Kevin P. Maloney (collectively, "Defendants") and nominal defendants 111 West 57th Partners LLC and 111 West 57^th Mezz 1 LLC.

On August 30, 2017, Spruce issued a Notice of Retention of Pledged Collateral in Full Satisfaction of Indebtedness. By purporting to accept the pledged collateral, pursuant to a Strict Foreclosure process, Spruce claims to have completed the retention of the collateral pledged by the junior mezzanine borrower, and therefore, the Company's interest in the 111 West 57th Street Property. The Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property of $63,745,000, for the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value.

The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure, which has not yet been resolved. The Company is currently attempting to have the Appellate Division declare the Strict Foreclosure invalid and to enjoin the Strict Foreclosure. The Company moved for a stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, and that motion was denied by the appellate court on January 18, 2018. See Note 9 for additional information.

As noted above, despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsor and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company is and will continue to pursue the recovery of its asset value from various sources of recovery; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail with respect to any of its claims. For additional information with regard to the Company's legal proceedings related to the 111 West 57^th Property, see Note 9.

For information relating to the Litigation Funding Agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Richard A. Bianco, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, see Note 10.

With respect to its disputes and litigation relating to its interest in the 111 West 57th Property, the Company is continuing to pursue various legal courses of action, as well as considering other possible economic strategies, including the possible sale of the Company's interest in and/or rights with respect to the 111 West 57th Property. The Company is continuing to pursue other options to realize the Company's investment value and/or protect its legal rights.

The Company can give no assurances regarding the outcome of the matters described herein, including as to the effect of Spruce's actions described herein, whether the Sponsor will perform their contractual commitments to the Company under the JV Agreement, as to what further action, if any, the lenders may take with respect to the project, as to the ultimate resolution of the ongoing litigation proceedings relating to the Company's investment interest in the 111 West 57^th Property, as to the ultimate effect of the Sponsors', the Company's or the lenders' actions on the project, as to the completion or ultimate success of the project, or as to the value or ultimate realization of any portion of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Street Property. For additional information on the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property and the Company's legal actions related thereto, see Note 9.

While the Company's management is evaluating future courses of action to protect and/or recover the value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the adverse developments make it uncertain as to whether any such courses of action will be successful. Any such efforts are likely to require sustained effort over a period of time, and require substantial additional financial resources. Inability to recover all or most of such value would in all likelihood have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and future prospects.

The Company recorded its investment in 111 West 57^th Partners utilizing the equity method of accounting. Despite ongoing litigation challenging the legitimacy of the actions taken by the Sponsor and Spruce in connection with the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property as further discussed herein, in accordance with GAAP, the Company recorded an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57th Property in the full year period ended December 31, 2017. As a result, the operations of 111 West 57^th only through June 30, 2017 are included in the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the full year period ended December 31, 2017.

As a result of the matters described herein, the following tables present summarized financial information for 111 West 57^th Partners solely for the periods indicated.  The amounts shown represent 100% of the financial position and results of operations of 111 West 57^th Partners for the dates indicated below.

(in thousands)

Note 5 - Savings Plans

The Company sponsors the AmBase 401(k) Savings Plan (the "Savings Plan"), which is a "Section 401(k) Plan" within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The Savings Plan permits eligible employees to make contributions of a percentage of their compensation, which are matched by the Company at a percentage of the employees' elected deferral.  Employee contributions to the Savings Plan are invested at the employee's discretion, in various investment funds. The Company's matching contributions are invested in the same manner as the compensation reduction contributions.  All contributions are subject to maximum limitations contained in the Code.

 The Company's matching contributions to the Savings Plan, charged to expense, were as follows:

Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity

Authorized common stock consists of the following:

Authorized cumulative preferred stock consists of the following:

Changes in the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company are as follows:

Changes in the treasury shares of Common Stock of the Company are as follows:

Common Stock Repurchase Plan

The Company's common stock repurchase plan (the "Repurchase Plan") allows for the repurchase by the Company of its common stock in the open market.  The Repurchase Plan is conditioned upon favorable business conditions and acceptable prices for the common stock.  Purchases under the Repurchase Plan may be made, from time to time, in the open market, through block trades or otherwise.  Depending on market conditions and other factors, purchases may be commenced or suspended any time or from time to time without prior notice.  Pursuant to the Repurchase Plan, the Company has repurchased shares of common stock from unaffiliated parties at various dates at market prices at their time of purchase, including broker commissions.

Information relating to the Repurchase Plan is as follows:

Common stock reserved for issuance under the Company's 1993 Stock Incentive Plan as further described in Note 8 herein is as follows:

Stockholder Rights Plan

On January 29, 1986, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of Common Stock of the Company. The rights, as amended, which entitle the holder to purchase from the Company a common share at a price of $75.00, are not exercisable until either a person or group of affiliated persons acquires 25% or more of the Company's outstanding common shares or upon the commencement or disclosure of an intention to commence a tender offer or exchange offer for 20% or more of the common shares. The rights are redeemable by the Company at $0.05 per right at any time until the earlier of the tenth day following an accumulation of 20% or more of the Company's shares by a single acquirer or group, or the occurrence of certain Triggering Events (as defined in the Stockholder Rights Plan). In the event the rights become exercisable and thereafter, the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination, or in certain other circumstances, each right will entitle the holder to purchase from the surviving corporation, for the exercise price, Common Stock having a market value of twice the exercise price of the right. The rights are subject to adjustment to prevent dilution and expire on February 10, 2021.

Note 7 - Incentive Plans

Under the Company's 1994 Senior Management Incentive Compensation Plan (the "1994 Plan"), any executive officer of the Company whose compensation is required to be reported to stockholders under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Participants") and who is serving as such at any time during the fiscal year as to which an award is granted, may receive an award of a cash bonus ("Bonus"), in an amount determined by the Personnel Committee of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Committee") and payable from an annual bonus fund (the "Annual Bonus Pool"). The Committee may award Bonuses under the 1994 Plan to Participants not later than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year (the "Reference Year").

If the Committee grants a Bonus under the 1994 Plan, the amount of the Annual Bonus Pool will be an amount equal to the sum of (i) plus (ii), where:

(i) a percentage of the amount by which the Company's Total Stockholders' Equity, as defined, on the last day of a Reference Year increased over the Company's Total Stockholders' Equity, as defined, on the last day of the immediately preceding Reference Year; and

(ii) a percentage of the amount by which the Company's market value, as defined, on the last day of the Reference Year increased over the Company's market value on the last day of the immediately preceding Reference Year.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the 1994 Plan provides that in the event of a decrease in either or both of items (i) and/or (ii) above, the Annual Bonus Pool is determined by reference to the last Reference Year in which there was an increase in such item.  If the Committee determines within the time period to award a Bonus, the share of the Annual Bonus Pool to be allocated to Participants shall be pursuant to percentages of the Annual Bonus Pool as set forth in the 1994 Plan to the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and a percentage of the Annual Bonus Pool shall be allocated pro rata to each of the Company's Participants as determined by the Committee.  The Committee in its discretion may reduce the percentage of the Annual Bonus Pool to any Participant for any Reference Year, and such reduction shall not increase the share of any other Participant. The 1994 Plan is not the exclusive plan under which the Executive Officers may receive cash or other incentive compensation or bonuses. No bonuses were paid attributable to the 1994 Plan for 2017 and 2016.

The Company's 1993 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1993 Plan"), expires in May 2018.  At the current time the Company has decided not to extend the expiration date of the 1993 Plan. Under the 1993 Plan the Company may grant to officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, stock options ("Options"), stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock awards ("Restricted Stock"), merit awards ("Merit Awards") and performance share awards ("Performance Shares") through May 28, 2018.  There are no options exercised.  A pre-determined number of shares of the Company's Common Stock are reserved for issuance under the 1993 Plan (upon the exercise of Options and Stock Appreciation Rights, and awards of Restricted Stock and Performance Shares); however, only a portion of such shares are available for the issuance of Restricted Stock Awards and Merit Awards. Such shares shall be authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock. Options may be granted as incentive stock options ("ISOs") intended to qualify for favorable tax treatment under Federal tax law or as nonqualified stock options ("NQSOs"). SARs may be granted with respect to any Options granted under the 1993 Plan and may be exercised only when the underlying Option is exercisable. The 1993 Plan requires that the exercise price of all Options and SARs be equal to or greater than the fair value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of grant of that Option. The term of any NQSO, ISO or related SAR cannot exceed terms under federal tax law and/or as prescribed in the 1993 Plan. Subject to the terms of the 1993 Plan and any additional restrictions imposed at the time of grant, Options and any related SARs ordinarily will become exercisable pursuant to a vesting period prescribed at the time of grant.  In the case of a "Change of Control" of the Company (as defined in the 1993 Plan), Options granted pursuant to the 1993 Plan may become fully exercisable as to all optioned shares from and after the date of such Change in Control in the discretion of the Committee or as may otherwise be provided in the grantee's Option agreement. Death, retirement, or absence for disability will not result in the cancellation of any Options.

As a condition to any award of Restricted Stock or Merit Award under the 1993 Plan, the Committee may require a participant to pay an amount equal to, or in excess of, the par value of the shares of Restricted Stock or Common Stock awarded to him or her. Restricted Stock may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered during a "Restricted Period", which in the case of grants to employees shall not be less than one year from the date of grant. The Restricted Period with respect to any outstanding shares of Restricted Stock awarded to employees may be reduced by the Committee at any time, but in no event shall the Restricted Period be less than one year. Except for such restrictions, the employee as the owner of such stock shall have all of the rights of a stockholder including, but not limited to, the right to vote such stock and to receive dividends thereon as and when paid. In the event that an employee's employment is terminated for any reason, an employee's Restricted Stock will be forfeited; provided, however, that the Committee may limit such forfeiture in its sole discretion. At the end of the Restricted Period, all shares of Restricted Stock shall be transferred free and clear of all restrictions to the employee. In the case of a Change in Control of the Company (as defined in the 1993 Plan), an employee may receive his or her Restricted Stock free and clear of all restrictions in the discretion of the Committee, or as may otherwise be provided pursuant to the employee's Restricted Stock award.

Performance Share awards of Common Stock under the 1993 Plan shall be earned on the basis of the Company's performance in relation to established performance measures for a specific performance period. Such measures may include, but shall not be limited to, return on investment, earnings per share, return on stockholder's equity, or return to stockholders. Performance Shares may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered during the relevant performance period. Performance Shares may be paid in cash, shares of Common Stock or shares of Restricted Stock in such portions as the Committee may determine. An employee must be employed at the end of the performance period to receive payments of Performance Shares; provided, however, in the event that an employee's employment is terminated by reason of death, disability, retirement or other reason approved by the Committee, the Committee may limit such forfeiture in its sole discretion. In the case of a Change in Control of the Company (as defined in the 1993 Plan), an employee may receive his or her Performance Shares in the discretion of the Committee, or as may otherwise be provided in the employee's Performance Share award.

Information relating to the Company's 1993 Plan is as follows:

The fair value of option awards are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model ("Black-Scholes") utilizing certain assumptions at the time of valuation. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company's stock.  The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model.  The expected term of options granted is estimated based on the contractual lives of option grants, option vesting period and historical data and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.  The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury bond yield in effect at the time of grant.

The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based award and stock price volatility.  The assumptions utilized represent management's best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment.  As a result, if other assumptions had been used, our recorded stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from the amounts previously recorded.  In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest.  If the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, the share-based compensation expense could be materially different.  The Company believes that the use of the Black-Scholes model meets the fair value measurement objectives of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflects all substantive characteristics of the instruments being valued.

The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, and given the substantial changes in the price per share of the Company's Common Stock, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.

Compensation expense relating to stock options would be recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, with a corresponding increase to additional paid in capital in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity.

Note 8 - Income Taxes

The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

The components of pretax income (loss) and the difference between income taxes computed at the statutory federal rate and the provision for income taxes are as follows:

A reconciliation of the United States federal statutory rate to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit partially offset by a state tax expense, attributable to a provision for a tax on capital imposed by the state jurisdictions.  The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2017, is attributable to a release of a valuation allowance in relation to the AMT Credit carryforwards and resulting deferred tax asset due to recognition of AMT Credit carryforwards projected to be refundable as provided for in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act") as further detailed herein. For the year ended December 31, 2017, other includes amounts relating to deferred tax true-ups.

State income tax amounts for the year ended December 31, 2017, reflect a provision for a tax on capital imposed by the state jurisdictions.  State income tax amounts for the year ended December 31, 2016, reflect a net benefit related to current year and prior year state tax true-ups. For the year ended December 31, 2016, other includes amounts relating to deferred tax true-ups. The Company has not been notified of any potential tax audits by any federal, state or local tax authorities.

The Company believes the statutes of limitations for the assessment of additional federal and state tax liabilities are generally closed for tax years prior to 2014.  Interest and/or penalties related uncertain tax positions, if applicable, would be included as a component of income tax expense (benefit).  The accompanying financial statements do not include any amounts for interest and/or penalties.

The utilization of certain carryforwards and carrybacks is subject to limitations under U.S. federal income tax laws. Based on the Company's federal tax returns as filed and to be filed, the Company estimates it has federal NOL carryforwards available to reduce future federal taxable income which would expire if unused, as indicated below.

The federal NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Alternative Minimum Tax ("AMT") Credit carryforwards available, which can be used to offset income generated in future years which are not subject to expiration, are as follows:

As noted above the Company has AMT Credit carryforwards from prior tax years. In accordance with the 2017 Tax Act AMT Credit carryforwards, subject to certain estimated reduction adjustments to the amount indicated above, are expected to be claimed by the Company as refundable on tax returns to be filed in future tax years and at various percentages as noted below.

The Company's AMT Credit carryforward amount(s) projected to be claimed as refundable for each tax year are as follows:

(a) Assumes no regular federal income tax liability in tax years presented above which would reduce any AMT Credit carryforward amount(s) ultimately refunded.

(b) The declining balance of the AMT Credit carryforward amount(s) available for each tax year and the AMT Credit carryforward amount(s) projected to be claimed as refundable for each tax year are net of certain estimated adjustments from the previously disclosed AMT Credit carryforward amounts.

The 2017 Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), including, among other changes, significant changes to the U.S. corporate tax rate and certain other changes to the Code that impact the taxation of corporations. The U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), and other standard-setting bodies could interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the 2017 Tax Act will be applied or otherwise administered that differs from our interpretation. As we complete our analysis of the 2017 Tax Act, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance, we may make adjustments to provisional amounts that we have recorded that may materially impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made. Additionally, there is risk relating to assumptions regarding the outcome of tax matters, based in whole or in part upon consultation with outside advisors; risk relating to potential unfavorable decisions in tax proceedings; and risks regarding changes in, and/or interpretations of federal and state income tax laws. Additionally, the Company's tax advisors indicate that the IRS typically has broad discretion to examine taxpayer tax returns, even after refunds have been paid to taxpayers, which could result in adjustments to AMT Credit carryforward amounts claimed as refundable and/or AMT Credit carryforward amounts ultimately received.

The Company's management is continuing to work closely with outside advisors on the Company's tax matters as they relate to the 2017 Tax Act and on the various federal tax return matters for the numerous interrelated tax years, including the provisions and application of the 2017 Tax Act along with the amounts and timing of any AMT Credit carryforward refunds. The AMT Credit carryforwards by the Company from prior tax years and related refund(s) could potentially be subject to IRS or other tax authority audits, including possible IRS Joint Committee review and/or approval.  Neither the Company nor its outside advisors can predict whether or not the IRS and/or other tax authorities will review the Company's tax returns to be filed and/or as filed in prior years.

Based on the Company's state tax returns as filed and to be filed, the Company estimates that it has state NOL carryforwards to reduce future state taxable income, which would expire if unused.

The state NOL carryforwards as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

The Company has a deferred tax asset arising primarily from NOL carryforwards and AMT credits as follows:

A valuation allowance was released in relation to the AMT Credit carryforwards which are projected to be refundable as part of the 2017 Tax Act enacted in December 2017.  A full valuation allowance remains on the remaining deferred tax asset amounts, as management has no basis to conclude that realization is more likely than not.  Management does not believe that any significant changes in unrecognized income tax benefits are expected to occur over the next year.

Note 9 - Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries may be named as a defendant in various lawsuits or proceedings.  At the current time except as set forth below, the Company is unaware of any legal proceedings pending against the Company.  The Company intends to aggressively contest all litigation and contingencies, as well as pursue all sources for contributions to settlements.

The Company is a party to material legal proceedings as follows:

AmBase Corp., et al. v. 111 West 57^th Sponsor LLC, et al. In April 2016, AmBase initiated a litigation in the New York State Supreme Court for New York County (the "NY Court"), Index No. 652301/2016, ("AmBase v. 111 West 57^th Sponsor LLC, et al.") (the "111 West 57^th Action").  The defendants in that litigation were 111 West 57th Sponsor LLC, 111 West 57th JDS LLC, PMG West 57th Street LLC, 111 West 57th Control LLC, 111 West 57th Developer LLC, Elliot Joseph, 111 West 57^th KM Equity LLC, 111 West 57^th KM Group LLC, Kevin Maloney, Matthew Phillips, Michael Stern, Ned White and Franklin R. Kaiman (collectively, "Defendants") and nominal defendant 111 West 57th Partners LLC.  AmBase alleges in that action, that Defendants violated multiple provisions in the JV Agreement, including by failing to honor the exercise of AmBase's contractual "equity put right" as set forth in the JV Agreement (the "Equity Put Right"). AmBase is seeking compensatory damages, as well as punitive damages, indemnification and equitable relief including a declaration of the parties' rights, and an accounting. The Company has also demanded from the Sponsor access to the books and records for the 111 West 57^th Property which the Sponsor refused, claiming they have provided all books and records as required. The Defendants filed motions to dismiss, and on January 12, 2018, the NY Court issued an opinion allowing some of AmBase's claims to go forward and dismissing others. Among other claims that the NY Court declined to dismiss was AmBase's claim that the Defendants violated the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing by frustrating AmBase's Equity Put Right by declining to produce a timely budget. Claims that the NY Court dismissed included AmBase's claim that the Defendants breached their contract with AmBase by financing capital contributions for the project through funds obtained from third parties. On January 16, 2018, some of the Defendants wrote to the NY Court suggesting that the opinion contained certain clerical errors and was missing a page. On January 18, 2018, the NY Court removed its previous opinion from the docket and on January 29, 2018, posted a revised opinion. A discovery conference in this case is currently scheduled for February 27, 2018. For additional information with regard to the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, see Note 4.

AmBase Corp., et al. v. Spruce Capital Partners, et al. In July 2017, the Company initiated a second litigation in the NY Court, Index No. 655031/2017, (the "111 West 57^th Spruce Action"). The defendants in the 111 West 57^th Spruce action are 111 W57 Mezz Investor, LLC, Spruce Capital Partners LLC, 111 West 57th Sponsor LLC, Michael Z. Stern, and Kevin P. Maloney (collectively, "Defendants") and nominal defendants 111 West 57th Partners LLC and 111 West 57^th Mezz 1 LLC.

Spruce had given notice to the junior mezzanine borrower that it proposed to accept the pledged collateral (including the joint venture members' collective interest in the property) in full satisfaction of the joint venture's indebtedness under the Junior Mezzanine Loan (i.e., a "Strict Foreclosure"). After the Sponsors refused to object to Spruce's proposal on behalf of the junior mezzanine borrower, and Spruce refused to commit to honor Investment LLC's objection on its own behalf, the Company initiated this litigation to obtain injunctive relief halting the Strict Foreclosure.  For additional information on the events leading to this litigation see Note 4.

On July 26, 2017, the NY Court issued a temporary restraining order barring Spruce from accepting the collateral, pending a preliminary injunction hearing scheduled for August 14, 2017. Spruce and the Sponsors subsequently filed papers in opposition to the request for a preliminary injunction and cross-motions to dismiss and quash subpoenas. On August 14, 2017, the NY Court postponed the hearing until August 28, 2017, keeping the temporary restraining order preventing a Strict Foreclosure in effect until the August 28, 2017, hearing. Subsequently the Company filed response briefs in support of their request for injunctive relief halting the Strict Foreclosure process and briefs in opposition to the motions to quash the subpoenas.

On August 28, 2017, the NY Court held a preliminary injunction hearing, lifted the temporary restraining order, denied Plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction, and granted Defendants' cross-motions. In order to prevent the Strict Foreclosure process from going forward, the Company immediately obtained an interim stay from the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division, First Judicial Department ("Appellate Division"). That stay remained in place until four (4) P.M. August 29, 2017, permitting the Company to obtain an appealable order, notice an appeal, and move for a longer-term stay or injunctive relief pending appeal. The Appellate Division held a hearing on August 29, 2017, to consider the Company's motion for an interim stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, both of which it denied, thus allowing the purported Strict Foreclosure to move forward. The Company will continue to challenge the validity of the actions that led to this purported transfer of title, including appeal.

On August 30, 2017, Spruce issued a Notice of Retention of Pledged Collateral in Full Satisfaction of Indebtedness. By purporting to accept the pledged collateral, pursuant to a Strict Foreclosure process, Spruce claims to have completed the retention of the collateral pledged by the junior mezzanine borrower, and therefore, the Company's interest in the 111 West 57th Street Property.  The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented a substantial portion of the Company's assets and net equity value.

The Company has an appeal pending on its challenge to the Strict Foreclosure, which has not yet been resolved. The Company is currently attempting to have the Appellate Division declare the Strict Foreclosure invalid and to enjoin the Strict Foreclosure. The Company moved for a stay or injunctive relief pending appeal, and that motion was denied by the appellate court on January 18, 2018. 

Since the Company is not party to the Loan Agreements, it does not have access to communications with the lenders, except for those individual communications the Sponsors have elected to share.  The Company has continued to demand access to such information, including access to the books and records for the 111 West 57^th Property both under the JV Agreement and as part of the 111 West 57^th Action and the 111 West 57^th Spruce Action.

For additional information with regard to the Company's recording of an impairment of its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property; see Note 4.  The carrying value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property represented substantially all of the Company's assets and net equity value.

For information relating to the Litigation Funding Agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Richard A. Bianco, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, see Note 10.

With respect to its disputes and litigation relating to its interest in the 111 West 57th Property, the Company is continuing to pursue various legal courses of action, as well as considering other possible economic strategies, including the possible sale of the Company's interest in and/or rights with respect to the 111 West 57th Property. The Company is continuing to pursue other options to realize the Company's investment value and/or protect its legal rights.

The Company can give no assurances regarding the outcome of the matters described herein, including as to the effect of Spruce's actions described herein, whether the Sponsors will perform their contractual commitments to the Company under the JV Agreement, as to what further action, if any, the lenders may take with respect to the project, as to the ultimate resolution of the ongoing litigation proceedings relating to the Company's investment interest in the 111 West 57^th Property, as to the ultimate effect of the Sponsors', the Company's or the lenders' actions on the project, as to the completion or ultimate success of the project, or as to the value or ultimate realization of any portion of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Street Property. For additional information on the Company's investment in the 111 West 57^th Property and the Company's legal actions related thereto, see Note 9.

While the Company's management is evaluating future courses of action to protect and/or recover the value of the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the adverse developments make it uncertain as to whether any such courses of action will be successful. Any such efforts are likely to require sustained effort over a period of time, and require substantial additional financial resources. Inability to recover all or most of such value would in all likelihood have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and future prospects.

IsZo Capital L.P. derivatively and on behalf of AmBase Corporation v. Richard A. Bianco, et al. In February 2018, IsZo Capital L.P. commenced an action, IsZo Capital L.P. derivatively and on behalf of AmBase Corporation v. Richard A. Bianco, et al., Index No. 650812/2018 in the New York State Supreme Court for New York County (the "IsZo Capital L.P. action"). The defendants in the action include all officers and directors of AmBase Corporation and AmBase Corporation as a nominal defendant.  The plaintiff alleges various breaches of fiduciary duty against all of the directors and officers concerning the decisions made in the 111 West 57^th Street Property investment and a certain litigation funding agreement.  IsZo Capital L.P. also seeks declaratory judgment relief concerning a litigation funding agreement and the 111 West 57^th Street Property.  AmBase and the officers and directors intend to vigorously defend themselves and will move to dismiss the Complaint when all of the officers and directors have been served with the Summons and Complaint.  The Company can give no assurances regarding the outcome of the matters described herein.

Note 10 – Litigation Funding Agreement

In September 2017, the Company's executive officers and its Board of Directors concluded that it was in the Company's interest to obtain a litigation funding commitment to finance litigation with respect to the ongoing disputes with the Sponsors and the lenders in the 111 West 57^th Street Property project, and to seek to recover value for the Company with respect to its equity investment in 111 West 57^th Street Property, whether by direct recovery or from asserting claims against the Sponsors, their principals and/or certain of the lenders (collectively, "Future Recovery Litigation").

As a result of developments in the legal proceedings concerning the Company's equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the Company's interest in obtaining a litigation funding commitment to finance litigation with respect to the ongoing disputes with the Sponsors and the lenders in the 111 West 57^th Street Property project, and the Company's efforts to seek to recover value for the Company with respect to its equity investment in the 111 West 57^th Property, the Company's Board of Directors negotiated and accepted an offer from Mr. Richard Bianco, its long-time chief executive officer, to provide a litigation fund of seven million dollars ($7,000,000) (along with additional amounts as may be necessary from time to time as agreed to by the Company and Mr. Bianco), to fund the Company's litigation expenses in connection with Future Recovery Litigation, (the "Litigation Funding Agreement").

In consideration of such financial commitment, the Litigation Funding Agreement provides that any financial recovery in such Future Recovery Litigation shall be distributed as follows:

The payment of the amounts pursuant to the Litigation Funding Agreement could become payable by the Company in the future based on the recovery by the Company of amounts relating to the 111 West 57^th Property.  The recovery, by the Company, of any amounts are not within the control of the Company and cannot be predicted at this time, and therefore, the aggregate amounts funded pursuant to the Litigation Funding Agreement are presented in a temporary equity classification below total liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented, until such time that the legal proceedings or the Litigation Funding Agreement are concluded. The Company shall not be obligated to repay such funded amounts except as described herein.

Legal expenses incurred attributable to the Litigation Funding Agreement are included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations as part of professional and outside services, as follows:

In March 2018, Mr. R. A. Bianco funded an additional $588,000 of legal expenses pursuant to the Litigation Funding Agreement, for litigation services rendered in 2017 and 2018.

Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies

Future minimum rental payments for office space under non-cancellable operating leases for the Company's executive office in Boca Raton, Florida as of December 31, 2017, were as follows (in thousands):

Rent expense for the period was as follows:

Note 12 – Loans Payable

In May 2016, the Company and Mr. Richard A. Bianco, the Company's Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer ("Mr. R. A. Bianco") entered into an agreement for Mr. R. A. Bianco to provide to the Company a secured working capital line of credit of up to one million dollars ($1,000,000) or additional amount(s) as may be necessary and agreed to on an as needed basis, if and when necessary, subject to customary and market terms and conditions to be agreed upon at such time (the "WC Agreement").

Pursuant to the WC Agreement, Mr. R. A. Bianco made several loans to the Company for use as working capital.  The loans were due on the earlier of the date the Company received funds from any source sufficient to pay all amounts due under the loans, including accrued interest thereon, or the due date noted below. Accrued interest payable associated with the loans are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. In January 2018, pursuant to the WC Agreement, Mr. R.A. Bianco made an additional $250,000 loan to the Company for use as working capital as reflected and in accordance with the same terms of the loans payable noted herein.

Information regarding the loans payable is as follows:

Information regarding accrued interest expense on the loans payable is as follows:

The amounts noted above pursuant to the WC Agreement are distinct from the line of credit agreement for the 111 West 57^th Property as discussed in Note 4 herein and distinct from the Litigation Funding Agreement amounts as discussed in Note 10 herein.

On January 26, 2018, in connection with the sale by the Company of its commercial office building in Greenwich, Connecticut, the Company repaid the full amount of the working capital loan, plus accrued interest aggregating $2,623,000 to Mr. R. A. Bianco, and the working capital line of credit agreement was terminated. See Note 3 herein for additional information.

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management has recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures.

During the fiscal period covered by this report, the Company's management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed, under the supervision of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 The Company's management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. This evaluation was based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, in 1992. The Company is in the process of adopting the COSO 2013 framework, and management expects to complete the transition from the COSO 1992 framework to the 2013 framework in 2018. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

Based on management's evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992), management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's independent public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's independent public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management's report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

An employment agreement, as amended, is in effect between Mr. R. A. Bianco and the Company, (the "2007 Employment Agreement").  The terms of the 2007 Employment Agreement provide for Mr. R. A. Bianco to serve as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In March 2018, the Company and Mr. R. A. Bianco agreed to an amendment to Mr. Bianco's Employment Agreement with the Company, to extend the term of Mr. R. A. Bianco's employment with the Company to May 31, 2023 from May 31, 2018 (the "Employment Period"). The Company is providing the disclosure of Mr. Bianco's amended employment agreement under Item 9B of Form 10-K in lieu of Item 5.02 of Form 8-K.

PART III

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information concerning executive officers and directors required by this item will be set forth in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 7, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference, which the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its 2017 fiscal year.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other senior officers.  A copy of the Code of Ethics was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 14 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.

ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

For the information required to be set forth by the Company in response to this item, see the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 7, 2018, under the captions "Executive Compensation," "Employment Contracts," and "Compensation of Directors" which are incorporated herein by reference, which the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its 2017 fiscal year.

ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table summarizes information about securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans of the Company at December 31, 2017 as follows:

Plan not approved by stockholders

None.

For other information required to be set forth by the Company in response to this item, see the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 7, 2018, under the caption "Stock Ownership", which is incorporated herein by reference, which the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its 2017 fiscal year.

ITEM 13.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

For the information required to be set forth by the Company in response to this item, see the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 7, 2018, under the captions "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" and "Information Concerning the Board and its Committees," which are incorporated herein by reference, which the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its 2017 fiscal year.

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information concerning Principal Accounting Fees and Services is set forth by the Company under the heading "Proposal 2 - Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm", "Independent Registered Public Accountant Matters," in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on June 7, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference, which the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of its 2017 fiscal year.

Exhibits, except as otherwise indicated above, are filed herewith.

* filed herewith.

ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

AMBASE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE III. REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

December 31, 2017

(dollars in thousands)

[Additional columns below]

[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]

[a] Reconciliation of total real estate carrying value is as follows:

[b] Reconciliation of accumulated depreciation as follows: