kl02071.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-K
ý Annual Report Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d)
of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
or
o Transition Report
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For
the transition period from
to
Commission
file number 000-51442
GENCO
SHIPPING & TRADING LIMITED
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Republic
of the Marshall Islands
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98-043-9758
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(State
or other jurisdiction of
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|
(I.R.S.
Employer
|
incorporation
or organization)
|
|
Identification
No.)
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|
|
|
299
Park Avenue, 20th
Floor, New York, New York
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10171
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(Address
of principal executive offices)
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(Zip
Code)
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Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (646) 443-8550
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of
Each Class
Common
Stock, par value $.01 per share
Name of
Each Exchange on Which Registered
New
York Stock Exchange
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the
registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act.
Yes o No ý
Indicated by check mark if the
registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section
15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No ý
Indicate by checkmark whether the
registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.
Yes ý
No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of
delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained
herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III
of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
ý
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definition of “large accelerated
filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer ý Accelerated
filer o Non-accelerated
filer oSmaller
reporting company o
Indicate
by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Act).
Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the
registrant's voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant on
the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal
quarter, computed by reference to the last sale price of such stock of $65.20
per share as of June 30, 2008 on the New York Stock Exchange, was approximately
$1,692.6 million. The registrant has no non-voting common equity
issued and outstanding. The determination of affiliate status for purposes
of this paragraph is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other
purpose.
The
number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of March 2,
2009 was 31,709,548 shares.
DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of our Proxy Statement for the
2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after December 31, 2008, are
incorporated by reference in Part III herein.
PART
I
ITEM
1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We are a New York City-based company,
incorporated in the Marshall Islands in 2004. We transport iron ore,
coal, grain, steel products and other drybulk cargoes along worldwide shipping
routes. Our fleet currently consists of 32 drybulk carriers, 14 of
which we acquired from a subsidiary of The China National Cereals Oil and
Foodstuffs Corp., or COFCO, a Chinese conglomerate, in December 2004 and
during the first six months of 2005. The Genco Muse was acquired in
October 2005 from Western Bulk Carriers, and in November 2006, we took delivery
of three drybulk vessels from affiliates of Franco Compania Naviera
S.A. In July 2007, we entered into an agreement to acquire nine
Capesize vessels from companies within the Metrostar Management Corporation
group for a net purchase price of $1,111 million. The Company took
delivery of four of these vessels in the second half of 2007 and two of these
vessels during 2008. We expect to take delivery of the remaining
three of these vessels in 2009. In August 2007, the Company also
agreed to acquire six drybulk vessels (three Supramax and three Handysize) from
affiliates of Evalend Shipping Co. S.A. for a net purchase price of $336
million. The Company took delivery of five of these vessels in
December 2007 and the sixth vessel in January 2008. During 2007, the
Company sold the Genco Glory, a Handymax vessel, and the Genco Commander, a
Handymax vessel, and realized a gain of $27 million. During
February 2008, the Genco Trader, a Panamax vessel, was sold to SW Shipping
Co., Ltd. for $44 million, less a 2% third party brokerage
commission. In June 2008, we entered into an agreement to acquire six
drybulk newbuildings (three Capesize and three Handysize) from Lambert Navgation
Ltd., Northville Navigation Ltd., Providence Navigation Ltd., and Primebulk
Navigation Ltd., for an aggregate purchase price of $530 million. We
subsequently cancelled this acquisition in November 2008, in order to strengthen
our liquidity and in light of current market conditions. The
cancellation resulted in a realized loss during the fourth quarter of $53.8
million as a result of the forfeiture of the deposit and related
interest. Additionally, during May 2008, we agreed to acquire three
2007-built vessels, consisting of two Panamax vessels and one Supramax vessel
from Bocimar Internation N.V. and Delphis N.V., for an aggregate purchase price
of approximately $257 million, which were delivered during
2008. Twenty-nine of the 32 vessels in our fleet are on time charter
contracts, and have an average remaining life of approximately 16.6 months as of
December 31, 2008. Three of our vessels operate in vessel pools, such
as the Baumarine Panamax Pool and the Bulkhandling Handymax
Pool. Under a pool arrangement, the vessels operate under a
time charter agreement whereby the cost of bunkers and port expenses are borne
by the pool and operating costs including crews, maintenance and insurance are
typically paid by the owner of the vessel. Since the members of the
pool share in the revenue generated by the entire group of vessels in the pool,
and the pool operates in the spot market, the revenue earned by these three
vessels are subject to the fluctuations of the spot market. Most of
our vessels are chartered to well-known charterers, including Lauritzen Bulkers
A/S (“Lauritzen Bulkers”), Cargill International S.A. (“Cargill”), NYK Bulkship
Europe (“NYK Europe”), Pacific Basin Chartering Ltd. (“Pacbasin”), STX Panocean
(UK) Co. Ltd. (“STX”), COSCO Bulk Carriers Co., Ltd. (“Cosco”), and Hyundai
Merchant Marine Co. Ltd. (“HMMC”).
We intend to continue to grow our fleet
through timely and selective acquisitions of vessels in a manner that is
accretive to our cash flow. In connection with the acquisitions made
in 2007 and our growth strategy, we negotiated a credit facility which we
entered into as of July 20, 2007 (our “2007 Credit Facility”) for a total amount
of $1,377 million that we have used to acquire vessels. As of
February 27, 2009, we had approximately $203.7 million of available borrowing
capacity under our 2007 Credit Facility. We recently agreed to an
amendment to our 2007 Credit Facility that contained a waiver of the collateral
maintenance requirement. As a condition of this waiver, among other
things, we agreed to suspend our cash dividends and share repurchases until such
time as we can satisfy the collateral maintenance requirement.
Our
management team and our other employees are responsible for the commercial and
strategic management of our fleet. Commercial management includes the
negotiation of charters for vessels, managing the mix of various types of
charters, such as time charters and voyage charters, and monitoring the
performance of our vessels under their
charters. Strategic
management includes locating, purchasing, financing and selling vessels. We
currently contract with three independent technical managers, to provide
technical management of our fleet at a lower cost than we believe would be
possible in-house. Technical management involves the day-to-day
management of vessels, including performing routine maintenance, attending to
vessel operations and arranging for crews and supplies. Members of
our New York City-based management team oversee the activities of our
independent technical managers.
The Company holds an investment in the
capital stock of Jinhui Shipping and Transportation Limited
(“Jinhui”). Jinhui is a drybulk shipping owner and operator
focused on the Supramax segment of drybulk shipping. The Company
deemed its investment in Jinhui to
be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2008 due to the severity
of the decline in its market value versus our cost basis. As a
result, during the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a $103.9 million
impairment charge in its Consolidated Statement of
Operations. We will continue to review the investment in Jinhui for
impairment on a quarterly basis.
Our fleet currently consists of six
Capesize, eight Panamax, four Supramax, six Handymax and eight Handysize drybulk
carriers, with an aggregate carrying capacity of approximately 2,396,500
deadweight tons (dwt). As of December 31, 2008, the average age of
the vessels currently in our fleet was 6.5 years, as compared to the average age
for the world fleet of approximately 15 years for the drybulk shipping segments
in which we compete. All of the vessels in our fleet were built in
Japanese, Korean, Philippine or Chinese shipyards with reputations for
constructing high-quality vessels. Our fleet contains nine groups of
sister ships, which are vessels of virtually identical sizes and
specifications.
AVAILABLE
INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current
reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, or the SEC, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the
Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we file
with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington,
DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the
Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the
SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information
statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file
electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that
we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
In addition, our company website can be
found on the Internet at www.gencoshipping.com. The website contains
information about us and our operations. Copies of each of our
filings with the SEC on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K, and all amendments to
those reports, can be viewed and downloaded free of after the reports and
amendments are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. To
view the reports, access www.gencoshipping.com, click on Investor, then SEC
Filings.
Any of the above documents can also be
obtained in print by any shareholder upon request to our Investor Relations
Department at the following address:
Corporate
Investor Relations
Genco
Shipping & Trading Limited
299 Park
Avenue, 20th
Floor
New York,
NY 10171
BUSINESS
STRATEGY
Our strategy is to manage and expand
our fleet in a manner that maximizes our cash flows from
operations. To accomplish this objective, we intend to:
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Strategically expand the size
of our fleet - We intend to acquire additional modern,
high-quality
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drybulk
carriers through timely and selective acquisitions of vessels in a manner that
is accretive to our cash flows. We expect to fund acquisitions of
additional vessels using cash reserves set aside for this purpose and additional
borrowings.
·
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Continue to operate a
high-quality fleet - We intend to maintain a modern,
high-quality fleet that meets or exceeds stringent industry standards and
complies with charterer requirements through our technical managers’
rigorous and comprehensive maintenance program. In addition,
our technical managers maintain the quality of our vessels by carrying out
regular inspections, both while in port and at
sea.
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·
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Pursue an appropriate balance
of time and spot charters - Twenty-nine of our 32 vessels are
under time charters with an average remaining life of approximately 16.6
months as of December 31, 2008. These charters provide us with
relatively stable revenues and a high fleet utilization. We may
in the future pursue other market opportunities for our vessels to
capitalize on market conditions, including arranging longer or shorter
charter periods and entering into short-term time charters, voyage
charters and use of vessel pools.
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·
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Maintain low-cost, highly
efficient operations – During the year ended December 31,
2008, we outsourced technical management of our fleet, primarily to Wallem
Shipmanagement Limited (“Wallem”), Anglo-Eastern Group (“Anglo”), and
Barber International Ltd. (“Barber”), third-party independent technical
managers, at a cost we believe is lower than what we could achieve by
performing the function in-house. During 2009, we expect to
limit our technical managers to Wallem and Anglo to utilize more cost
efficient crews. Our management team actively monitors and
controls vessel operating expenses incurred by the independent technical
managers by overseeing their activities. Finally, we seek to
maintain low-cost, highly efficient operations by capitalizing on the cost
savings and economies of scale that result from operating sister
ships.
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·
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Capitalize on our management
team's reputation - We will continue to capitalize on our
management team's reputation for high standards of performance,
reliability and safety, and maintain strong relationships with major
international charterers, many of whom consider the reputation of a vessel
owner and operator when entering into time charters. We believe
that our management team's track record improves our relationships with
high quality shipyards and financial institutions, many of which consider
reputation to be an indicator of
creditworthiness.
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OUR
FLEET
Our fleet consists of six Capesize,
eight Panamax, four Supramax, six Handymax and eight Handysize drybulk carriers,
with an aggregate carrying capacity of approximately 2,396,500
dwt. As of December 31, 2008, the average age of the vessels
currently in our fleet was approximately 6.5 years, as compared to the
average age for the world fleet of approximately 15 years for the drybulk
shipping segments in which we compete. All of the vessels in our
fleet were built in Japanese, Korean, Philippine or Chinese shipyards with
reputations for constructing high-quality vessels. The table below
summarizes the characteristics of our vessels:
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Genco
Augustus
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Capesize
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180,151
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2007
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Genco
Constantine
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Capesize
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180,183
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2008
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Genco
Hadrian
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Capesize
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169,694
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2008
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Genco
London
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Capesize
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177,833
|
2007
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Genco
Tiberius
|
Capesize
|
175,874
|
2007
|
Genco
Titus
|
Capesize
|
177,729
|
2007
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Genco
Acheron
|
Panamax
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72,495
|
1999
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Genco
Beauty
|
Panamax
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73,941
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1999
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Genco
Knight
|
Panamax
|
73,941
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1999
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Genco
Leader
|
Panamax
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73,941
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1999
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Genco
Raptor
|
Panamax
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76,499
|
2007
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Genco
Surprise
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Panamax
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72,495
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1998
|
Genco
Thunder
|
Panamax
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76,588
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2007
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Genco
Vigour
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Panamax
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73,941
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1999
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Genco
Cavalier
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Supramax
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53,616
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2007
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Genco
Hunter
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Supramax
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58,729
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2007
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Genco
Predator
|
Supramax
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55,407
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2005
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Genco
Warrior
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Supramax
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55,435
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2005
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Genco
Carrier
|
Handymax
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47,180
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1998
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Genco
Marine
|
Handymax
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45,222
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1996
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Genco
Muse
|
Handymax
|
48,913
|
2001
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Genco
Prosperity
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Handymax
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47,180
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1997
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Genco
Success
|
Handymax
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47,186
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1997
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Genco
Wisdom
|
Handymax
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47,180
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1997
|
Genco
Challenger
|
Handysize
|
28,428
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2003
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Genco
Champion
|
Handysize
|
28,445
|
2006
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Genco
Charger
|
Handysize
|
28,398
|
2005
|
Genco
Explorer
|
Handysize
|
29,952
|
1999
|
Genco
Pioneer
|
Handysize
|
29,952
|
1999
|
Genco
Progress
|
Handysize
|
29,952
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1999
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Genco
Reliance
|
Handysize
|
29,952
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1999
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Genco
Sugar
|
Handysize
|
29,952
|
1998
|
On
February 8, 2009, while the Genco Cavalier was at safe anchorage in Singapore,
it was involved in a minor collision caused by another vessel in its vicinity.
No injuries or pollution from either vessel have been reported, but we expect
the vessel will incur approximately 14 days of offhire for repairs arising from
the event. The Company is in the process of filing a claim for the full amount
of the damages as well as any offhire time related to the collision against the
other vessel’s owner.
FLEET
MANAGEMENT
Our management team and other employees
are responsible for the commercial and strategic management of our
fleet. Commercial management involves negotiating charters for
vessels, managing the mix of various types of charters, such as time charters
and voyage charters, and monitoring the performance of our vessels under their
charters. Strategic management involves locating, purchasing,
financing and selling vessels.
We utilize the services of reputable
independent technical managers for the technical management of our
fleet. We currently contract with Wallem, Anglo, and Barber,
independent technical managers, for our technical management. During
2009, we expect to limit our technical managers to Wallem and Anglo due to their
access to more cost effective crews. Technical management
involves the day-to-day management of vessels, including performing routine
maintenance, attending to vessel operations and arranging for crews and
supplies. Members of our New York City-based management team oversee
the activities of our independent technical managers. The head of our
technical management team has over 30 years of experience in the shipping
industry.
Wallem, founded in 1971, Anglo, founded
in 1974, and Barber, a subsidiary of Wilhelmsen Group which was founded in 1861,
are among the largest ship management companies in the world. These
technical managers are known worldwide for their agency networks, covering all
major ports in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore. These technical managers
provide services to over 1,000 vessels of all types, including Capesize,
Panamax, Supramax, Handymax and Handysize drybulk carriers that meet strict
quality standards.
Under our technical management
agreements, our technical manager is obligated to:
·
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provide
personnel to supervise the maintenance and general efficiency of our
vessels;
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●
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arrange
and supervise the maintenance of our vessels to our standards to assure
that our vessels comply with applicable national and international
regulations and the requirements of our vessels' classification
societies;
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·
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select
and train the crews for our vessels, including assuring that the crews
have the correct certificates for the types of vessels on which they
serve;
|
·
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check
the compliance of the crews' licenses with the regulations of the vessels'
flag states and the International Maritime Organization, or
IMO;
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·
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arrange
the supply of spares and stores for our vessels;
and
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·
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report
expense transactions to us, and make its procurement and accounting
systems available to us.
|
OUR
CHARTERS
As of February 26, 2009, we employed 29
of our 32 drybulk carriers under time charters. A time charter
involves the hiring of a vessel from its owner for a period of time pursuant to
a contract under which the vessel owner places its ship (including its crew and
equipment) at the disposal of the charterer. Under a time charter,
the charterer periodically pays a fixed daily charterhire rate to the owner of
the vessel and bears all voyage expenses, including the cost of bunkers
(“fuel”), port expenses, agents’ fees and canal dues. Three of our
vessels, the Genco Constantine, Genco Titus and Genco Hadrian, are chartered
under time charters which include a profit-sharing element. Under
these charter agreements, the Company receive a fixed rate of $52,750, $45,000
and $65,000 per day, respectively, and an additional profit-sharing
payment. The profit-sharing between the Company and the respective
charterer for each 15-day period is calculated by taking the average over that
period of the published Baltic Cape Index of the four time charter routes as
reflected in daily reports. If such average is more than the base
rate payable under the charter, the excess amount is allocable 50% to the
Company and 50% to the charterer. A commission of 3.75% based on the
profit sharing amount due to the Company is incurred out of the Company’s
share. Due to the existing drybulk rates, the Company is currently
not recognizing any profit sharing on these charter agreements.
Subject
to any restrictions in the contract, the charterer determines the type and
quantity of cargo to be carried and
the ports
of loading and discharging. Our vessels operate worldwide within the
trading limits imposed by our insurance terms. The technical
operation and navigation of the vessel at all times remains the responsibility
of the vessel owner, which is generally responsible for the vessel's operating
expenses, including the cost of crewing, insuring, repairing and maintaining the
vessel, costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other
miscellaneous expenses.
Each of our current time charters
expires within a range of dates (for example, a minimum of 11 and maximum of 13
months following delivery), with the exact end of the time charter left
unspecified to account for the uncertainty of when a vessel will complete its
final voyage under the time charter. The charterer may extend the
charter period by any time that the vessel is off-hire. If a vessel
remains off-hire for more than 30 consecutive days, the time charter may be
cancelled at the charterer's option.
In connection with the charter of each
of our vessels, we incur commissions ranging from 1.25% to 6.25% of the total
daily charterhire rate of each charter to third parties, depending on the number
of brokers involved with arranging the relevant charter.
Two of
our drybulk carriers, the Genco Leader and Genco Thunder, are currently in the
Baumarine Panamax Pool, and the Genco Predator is in the Bulkhandling Handymax
Pool. We believe that vessel pools provide cost-effective commercial
management activities for a group of similar class vessels. The pool
arrangement provides the benefits of a large-scale operation and chartering
efficiencies that might not be available to smaller fleets. Under the
pool arrangement, the vessels operate under a time charter agreement whereby the
cost of bunkers and port expenses are borne by the charterer and operating costs
including crews, maintenance and insurance are typically paid by the owner of
the vessel. Since the members of the pool share in the revenue
generated by the entire group of vessels in the pool, and the pool operates in
the spot market, the revenue earned by these three vessels is subject to the
fluctuations of the spot market.
We monitor developments in the drybulk
shipping industry on a regular basis and strategically adjust the charterhire
periods for our vessels according to market conditions as they become available
for charter.
The Genco
Cavalier, a 2007-built Supramax vessel, was on charter to Samsun Logix
Corporation (“Samsun”), which the Company understands has filed for the
equivalent of bankruptcy protection in South Korea, otherwise referred to as a
rehabilitation application. Charter hire for the Genco Cavalier has been
received up until January 30, 2009. The Company is expecting the decision of the
South Korean courts regarding the acceptance or rejection of the rehabilitation
application to be made on or about March 6, 2009. The Company has commenced
arbitration proceedings in the United Kingdom for damages related to
non-performance of Samsun under the time charter agreement. As a result of the
non-payment of hire, the Company may seek to withdraw the vessel from this
contract. The Company accelerated the amortization of the intangible liability
of $0.9 million for the value assigned to the below-market time charter rate at
the time Genco acquired the vessel into income for the year ended December 31,
2008. Also, on February 8, 2009, while the vessel was at safe anchorage in
Singapore, it was involved in a minor collision caused by another vessel in its
vicinity. No injuries or pollution from either vessel have been reported, but we
expect the vessel will incur approximately 14 days of offhire for repairs
arising from the event. The Company is in the process of filing a claim for the
full amount of the damages as well as any offhire time related to the collision
against the other vessel’s owner.
The
following table sets forth information about the current employment of the
vessels currently in our fleet as of February 26, 2009:
Vessel
|
Year
Built
|
Charterer
|
Charter
Expiration (1)
|
Cash
Daily
Rate
(2)
|
Revenue
Daily Rate (3)
|
Expected
Delivery (4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize Vessels
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genco
Augustus
|
2007
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
December
2009
|
45,263
|
62,750
|
-
|
Genco
Tiberius
|
2007
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
January
2010
|
45,263
|
62,750
|
-
|
Genco
London
|
2007
|
SK
Shipping Co., Ltd
|
August
2010
|
57,500
|
64,250
|
-
|
Genco
Titus
|
2007
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
September
2011
|
45,000(5)
|
46,250
|
-
|
Genco
Constantine
|
2008
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
August
2012
|
52,750(5)
|
|
-
|
Genco
Hadrian
|
2008
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
October
2012
|
65,000(5)
|
|
-
|
Genco
Commodus
|
2009(6)
|
To
be determined (“TBD”)
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
|
Q2
2009
|
Genco
Maximus
|
2009(6)
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
|
Q2
2009
|
Genco
Claudius
|
2009(6)
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
TBD
|
|
Q3
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Panamax Vessels
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genco
Beauty
|
1999
|
Cargill
International S.A.
|
May
2009
|
31,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Knight
|
1999
|
SK
Shipping Ltd.
|
May
2009
|
37,700
|
|
-
|
Genco
Leader
|
1999
|
Baumarine
AS
|
November
2009
|
Spot(7)
|
|
-
|
Genco
Vigour
|
1999
|
STX
Panocean (UK) Co. Ltd.
|
March
2009
|
29,000(8)
|
|
-
|
Genco
Acheron
|
1999
|
Global
Chartering Ltd
(a
subsidiary of ArcelorMittal Group)
|
July
2011
|
55,250
|
|
-
|
Genco
Surprise
|
1998
|
Hanjin
Shipping Co., Ltd.
|
December
2010
|
42,100
|
|
-
|
Genco
Raptor
|
2007
|
COSCO
Bulk Carriers Co., Ltd.
|
April
2012
|
52,800
|
|
-
|
Genco
Thunder
|
2007
|
Baumarine
AS
|
October
2009
|
Spot(9)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supramax Vessels
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genco
Predator
|
2005
|
Bulkhandling
Handymax A/S
|
September
2009
|
Spot(10)
|
|
|
Genco
Warrior
|
2005
|
Hyundai
Merchant Marine Co. Ltd.
|
November
2010
|
38,750
|
|
-
|
Genco
Hunter
|
2007
|
Pacific
Basin Chartering Ltd.
|
June
2009
|
62,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Cavalier
|
2007
|
Samsun
Logix Corporation
|
July
2010
|
48,500(11)
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handymax
Vessels
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genco
Success
|
1997
|
Korea
Line Corporation
|
February
2011
|
33,000(12)
|
|
-
|
Genco
Carrier
|
1998
|
Louis
Dreyfus Corporation
|
March
2011
|
37,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Prosperity
|
1997
|
Pacific
Basin Chartering Ltd
|
June
2011
|
37,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Wisdom
|
1997
|
Hyundai
Merchant Marine Co. Ltd.
|
February
2011
|
34,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Marine
|
1996
|
NYK
Bulkship Atlantic N.V.
|
March
2009
|
47,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Muse
|
2001
|
Global
Maritime Investments Ltd.
|
May
2009
|
6,500(13)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handysize Vessels
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Genco
Explorer
|
1999
|
Lauritzen
Bulkers A/S
|
August
2009
|
19,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Pioneer
|
1999
|
Lauritzen
Bulkers A/S
|
August
2009
|
19,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Progress
|
1999
|
Lauritzen
Bulkers A/S
|
August
2009
|
19,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Reliance
|
1999
|
Lauritzen
Bulkers A/S
|
August
2009
|
19,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Sugar
|
1998
|
Lauritzen
Bulkers A/S
|
August
2009
|
19,500
|
|
-
|
Genco
Charger
|
2005
|
Pacific
Basin Chartering Ltd.
|
November
2010
|
24,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Challenger
|
2003
|
Pacific
Basin Chartering Ltd.
|
November
2010
|
24,000
|
|
-
|
Genco
Champion
|
2006
|
Pacific
Basin Chartering Ltd.
|
December
2010
|
24,000
|
|
-
|
(1)
|
The
charter expiration dates presented represent the earliest dates that our
charters may be terminated in the ordinary course. Except for
the Genco Titus, Genco Constantine and Genco Hadrian, under the terms of
each contract, the charterer is entitled to extend time charters from two
to four months in order to complete the vessel's final voyage plus any
time the vessel has been off-hire. Thecharterer of the
Genco Constantine has the option to extend the charter for a period of
eight months.
|
(2)
|
Time charter rates
presented are the gross daily charterhire rates before third-party
commissions ranging from 1.25% to 6.25%, except as indicated for the Genco
Leader in note 7 below. In a time charter, the charterer is
responsible for voyage expenses such as bunkers, port expenses, agents’
fees and canal dues.
|
(3)
|
For
the vessels acquired with a below-market time charter rate, the
approximate amount of revenue on a daily basis to be recognized as
revenues is displayed in the column named “Net Revenue Daily Rate” and is
net of any third-party commissions. Since these vessels were
acquired with existing time charters with below-market rates, we allocated
the purchase price between the respective vessel and an intangible
liability for
the value assigned to the below-market charterhire. This intangible
liability is amortized as an increase to voyage revenues over the minimum
remaining term of the charter. For cash flow purposes, we will
continue to receive the rate presented in the “Cash Daily Rate” column
until the charter
expires .
|
(4)
|
Dates
for vessels being delivered in the future are estimates based on guidance
received from the sellers and/or the respective
shipyards.
|
(5)
|
These charters
include a 50% index-based profit sharing component above the respective
base rates listed in the table. The profit sharing between the
charterer and us for each 15-day period is calculated by taking the
average over that period of the published Baltic Cape Index of the four
time charter routes, as reflected in daily reports. If such
average is more than the base rate payable under the charter, the excess
amount is allocable 50% to each of the charterer and us. A
third-party brokerage commission of 3.75% based on the profit sharing
amount due to us is payable out of our
share.
|
(6)
|
Year built for
vessels being delivered in the future are estimates based on guidance
received from the sellers and/or the respective
shipyards.
|
(7)
|
We
entered the vessel into the Baumarine Pool with an option to convert the
balance period of the charter party to a fixed rate, but only after June
1, 2009. The vessel entered the pool following the completion of its
previous time charter on December 16, 2008. In addition to a
1.25% third-party brokerage commission, the charter party calls for a
management fee which consists of a 1.25%
deduction.
|
(8)
|
We
have entered into a time charter for 23 to 25 months at a rate of $33,000
per day for the first 11 months, $25,000 per day for the following 11
months and $29,000 per day thereafter, less a 5% third-party
commission. For purposes of revenue recognition, the time
charter contract is reflected on a straight-line basis at approximately
$29,000 per day for 23 to 25 months, in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States, or U.S.
GAAP.
|
(9)
|
We
entered the vessel into the Baumarine Pool with an option to convert the
balance period of the charter party to a fixed rate, but only after March
1, 2009. The vessel entered the pool following the completion of its
previous time charter on November 16, 2008. In addition to a 1.25%
third-party brokerage commission, the charter party calls for a management
fee which consists of a 1.25%
deduction.
|
(10)
|
We
entered this vessel into the Bulkhandling Handymax Pool with an option to
convert the balance period of the charter party to a fixed
rate.
|
(11)
|
The
time charter for this vessel commenced on July 19, 2008. In completing the
negotiation of certain changes we required for novation of the existing
charter, we agreed to reduce the daily gross rate and received a rebate
from the brokers involved in the vessel sale. The Company understands that
Samsun Logix Corporation (“Samsun”) has filed for the equivalent of
bankruptcy protection in South Korea, otherwise referred to as a
rehabilitation application. The Company is expecting the decision of the
South Korean courts regarding the acceptance or rejection of Samsun’s
rehabilitation application to be made on or about March 6,
2009. Genco has commenced arbitration proceedings in the United
Kingdom for any damages going forward. As a result of the non-payment of
hire, the Company may seek to withdraw the vessel from this
contract.
|
(12)
|
We
extended the time charter for an additional 35 to 37.5 months at a rate of
$40,000 per day for the first 12 months, $33,000 per day for the following
12 months, $26,000 per day for the next 12 months and $33,000 per day
thereafter less a 5% third-party commission. In all cases, the rate
for the duration of the time charter will average $33,000 per day.
For purposes of revenue recognition, the time charter contract is
reflected on a straight-line basis at approximately $33,000 per day for 35
to 37.5 months, in accordance with U.S.
GAAP.
|
(13)
|
We
have entered into a time charter agreement for 3.5 to six months at a
rate of $6,500 per day less a 5% third-party commission. The
vessel commenced this contract following the completion of the previous
time charter on February 8,
2009.
|
CLASSIFICATION
AND INSPECTION
All of our vessels have been certified
as being “in class” by the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”), Bureau
Veritas (“BV”), Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (“NK”), Det Norske Veritas
(“DNV”) or Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
(“Lloyd’s”). Each
of these classification societies is a member of the International Association
of Classification Societies. Every commercial vessel’s hull and
machinery is evaluated by a classification society authorized by its country of
registry. The classification society certifies that the vessel has
been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification
society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel’s
country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a
member. Each vessel is inspected by a surveyor of the classification
society in three surveys of varying frequency and thoroughness: every year for
the annual survey, every two to three years for the intermediate survey and
every four to five years for special surveys. Special surveys always
require drydocking. Vessels that are 15 years old or older are
required, as part of the intermediate survey process, to be drydocked every 24
to 30 months for inspection of the underwater portions of the vessel and for
necessary repairs stemming from the inspection.
In addition to the classification
inspections, many of our customers regularly inspect our vessels as a
precondition to chartering them for voyages. We believe that our
well-maintained, high-quality vessels provide us with a competitive advantage in
the current environment of increasing regulation and customer emphasis on
quality.
We have implemented the International
Safety Management Code, which was promulgated by the International Maritime
Organization, or IMO (the United Nations agency for maritime safety and the
prevention of marine pollution by ships), to establish pollution prevention
requirements applicable to vessels. We obtained documents of
compliance for our offices and safety management certificates for all of our
vessels for which the certificates are required by the IMO.
CREWING
AND EMPLOYEES
Each of our vessels is crewed with 20
to 23 officers and seamen. Our technical managers are responsible for
locating and retaining qualified officers for our vessels. The
crewing agencies handle each seaman's training, travel and payroll, and ensure
that all the seamen on our vessels have the qualifications and licenses required
to comply with international regulations and shipping conventions. We
typically man our vessels with more crew members than are required by the
country of the vessel's flag in order to allow for the performance of routine
maintenance duties.
As of February 11, 2009, we employed 21
shore-based personnel and approximately 680 seagoing personnel on our
vessels.
CUSTOMERS
Our assessment of a charterer's
financial condition and reliability is an important factor in negotiating
employment for our vessels. We generally charter our vessels to major
trading houses (including commodities traders), major producers and
government-owned entities rather than to more speculative or undercapitalized
entities. Our customers include national, regional and international
companies, such as Lauritzen Bulkers, Cargill, NYK Europe, Pacbasin, STX, Cosco,
and HMMC. For 2008, two of our charterers, Pacbasin and Cargill accounted for
more than 10% of our revenues. Genco is currently actively exploring its options
to collect amounts due to the Company from Samsun Logix Corporation, which the
Company understands has filed for the equivalent of bankruptcy protection in
South Korea, otherwise referred to as a rehabilitation application. See
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis” on page 44 for further
details.
COMPETITION
Our business fluctuates in line with
the main patterns of trade of the major drybulk cargoes and varies according to
changes in the supply and demand for these items. We operate in
markets that are highly competitive and based primarily on supply and
demand. We compete for charters on the basis of price, vessel
location and size, age and condition of the vessel, as well as on our reputation
as an owner and operator. We compete with other owners of drybulk
carriers in the Capesize, Panamax, Supramax, Handymax and Handysize class
sectors, some of whom may also charter our vessels as
customers. Ownership of drybulk carriers is highly fragmented and is
divided among approximately
1,300
independent drybulk carrier owners.
PERMITS
AND AUTHORIZATIONS
We are required by various governmental
and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses,
certificates and other authorizations with respect to our
vessels. The kinds of permits, licenses, certificates and other
authorizations required for each vessel depend upon several factors, including
the commodity transported, the waters in which the vessel operates, the
nationality of the vessel’s crew and the age of the vessel. We
believe that we have all material permits, licenses, certificates and other
authorizations necessary for the conduct of our operations. However,
additional laws and regulations, environmental or otherwise, may be adopted
which could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our doing
business.
INSURANCE
General
The operation of any drybulk vessel
includes risks such as mechanical failure, collision, property loss, cargo loss
or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign
countries, piracy, hostilities and labor strikes. In addition, there
is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and
other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and
operating vessels in international trade. The U.S. Oil Pollution Act
of 1990, or OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners,
operators and demise charterers of vessels trading in the U.S.-exclusive
economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made
liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the
U.S. market.
While we maintain hull and machinery
insurance, war risks insurance, protection and indemnity cover, and freight,
demurrage and defense cover and loss of hire insurance for our fleet in amounts
that we believe to be prudent to cover normal risks in our operations, we may
not be able to achieve or maintain this level of coverage throughout a vessel's
useful life. Furthermore, while we believe that our present insurance
coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no
guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that we will always be able
to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
Hull
and Machinery, War Risks, Kidnap and Ransom Insurance
We maintain marine hull and machinery,
war risks and kidnap and ransom insurance which cover the risk of actual or
constructive total loss, for all of our vessels. Our vessels are each
covered up to at least fair market value with deductibles of $67,313 per vessel
per incident for our Handysize vessels, $83,125 per vessel per incident for our
Panamax, Supramax and Handymax vessels and $133,125 per vessel per incident for
our Capesize vessels. The Company is covered for up to $3.0 million
per vessel per incident to have the crew
released in the case of kidnapping due to piracy in the Gulf of Aden /
Somalia.
Protection
and Indemnity Insurance
Protection and indemnity insurance is
provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I
Associations, which insure our third-party liabilities in connection with our
shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other
related expenses resulting from the injury or death of crew, passengers and
other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions
with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from
oil or other substances and salvage, towing and other related costs, including
wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual
indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations,
or "clubs." Subject to the "capping" discussed below, our coverage, except for
pollution, is unlimited.
Our current protection and indemnity
insurance coverage for pollution is $1 billion per vessel per
incident. The 13 P&I Associations that comprise the International
Group insure approximately 90% of the world's commercial
tonnage
and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association's
liabilities. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member
of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations
based on the group's claim records as well as the claim records of all other
members of the individual associations and members of the pool of P&I
Associations comprising the International Group.
Loss
of Hire Insurance
We maintain loss of hire insurance,
which covers business interruptions and related losses that result from the loss
of use of a vessel. Our loss of hire insurance has a 14-day
deductible and provides claim coverage for up to 90 days. Loss
of hire insurance for piracy in the Gulf of Aden / Somalia has a 20-day
deductible and provides claim coverage for up to 50 days.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND OTHER REGULATION
Government regulation significantly
affects the ownership and operation of our vessels. We are subject to
international conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and
regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may operate or are
registered relating to safety and health and environmental protection including
the storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of hazardous and
non-hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination and liability for
damage to natural resources. Compliance with such laws, regulations
and other requirements entails significant expense, including vessel
modifications and implementation of certain operating procedures.
A variety
of governmental and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and
unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port
authorities, (applicable national authorities such as the U.S. Coast Guard and
harbor masters), classification societies, flag state administrations (countries
of registry) and charterers. Some of these entities require us to
obtain permits, licenses, certificates and other authorizations for the
operation of our vessels. Our failure to maintain necessary permits,
certificates or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or
temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of our vessels.
In recent periods, heightened levels of
environmental and operational safety concerns among insurance underwriters,
regulators and charterers have led to greater inspection and safety requirements
on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the
drybulk shipping industry. Increasing environmental concerns have
created a demand for vessels that conform to the stricter environmental
standards. We believe that the operation of our vessels is in
substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and
that our vessels have all material permits, licenses, certificates or other
authorizations necessary for the conduct of our operations. However,
because such laws and regulations are frequently changed and may impose
increasingly stricter requirements, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of
complying with these requirements, or the impact of these requirements on the
resale value or useful lives of our vessels. In addition, a future
serious marine incident that results in significant oil pollution or otherwise
causes significant adverse environmental impact could result in additional
legislation or regulation that could negatively affect our
profitability.
International
Maritime Organization (IMO)
The IMO,
the United Nations agency for maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by
ships, has adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine
Pollution, 1973, as modified by the related Protocol of 1978 relating thereto,
which has been updated through various amendments, or the MARPOL
Convention. The MARPOL Convention establishes environmental standards
relating to oil leakage or spilling, garbage management, sewage, air emissions,
handling and disposal of noxious liquids and the handling of harmful substances
in packaged forms. The IMO adopted regulations that set forth
pollution prevention requirements applicable to drybulk
carriers. These regulations have been adopted by over 150 nations,
including many of the jurisdictions in which our vessels operate.
In September 1997, the IMO adopted
Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention, Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution
from Ships, to address air pollution from ships. Effective May 2005,
Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from all
commercial vessel exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting
substances (such as halons and chlorofluorocarbons), emissions of volatile
organic compounds from cargo tanks, and the shipboard incineration of specific
substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content
of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent
controls on sulfur emissions. We believe that all our vessels are
currently compliant in all material respects with these
regulations. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may
be adopted that could require the installation of expensive emission control
systems and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash
flows and financial condition. In October 2008, the IMO adopted
amendments to Annex VI regarding nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide emissions
standards which are expected to enter into force on July 1, 2010. The
amended Annex VI would reduce air pollution from vessels by, among other things,
(i) implementing a progressive reduction of sulfur oxide, emissions from ships,
with the global sulfur cap reduced initially to 3.50% (from the current cap of
4.50%), effective from January 1, 2012, then progressively to 0.50%, effective
from January 1, 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no later
than 2018; and (ii) establishing new tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emissions
standards for new marine engines, depending on their date of
installation. Once these amendments become effective, we may incur
costs to comply with these revised standards.
Safety
Management System Requirements
IMO also
adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS and
the International Convention on Load Lines, or the LL Convention, which impose a
variety of standards that regulate the design and operational features of
ships. The IMO periodically revises the SOLAS Convention and LL
Convention standards. We believe that all our vessels are in material
compliance with SOLAS and LL Convention standards.
Under
Chapter IX of SOLAS, the International Safety Management Code for the Safe
Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code, our operations are
also subject to environmental standards and requirements contained in the ISM
Code promulgated by the IMO. The ISM Code requires the party with
operational control of a vessel to develop an extensive safety management system
that includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental
protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating its
vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to
emergencies. We rely upon the safety management system that we and
our technical manager have developed for compliance with the ISM
Code. The failure of a ship owner or bareboat charterer to comply
with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease
available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial
of access to, or detention in, certain ports. As of the date of this
filing, each of our vessels is ISM code-certified.
The ISM Code requires that vessel
operators also obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they
operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel’s
management with code requirements for a safety management system. No
vessel can obtain a certificate unless its manager has been awarded a document
of compliance, issued by each flag state, under the ISM Code. We
believe that we have all material requisite documents of compliance for our
offices and safety management certificates for all of our vessels for which the
certificates are required by the IMO. We review these documents of
compliance and safety management certificates annually.
Pollution
Control and Liability Requirements
IMO has negotiated international
conventions that impose liability for oil pollution in international waters and
the territorial waters of the signatory to such conventions. For
example, IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and Management
of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention, in February
2004. The BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased
introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements (beginning in
2009), to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration
limits. The BWM Convention will not become effective until 12 months
after it has been adopted by 30 states, the combined merchant fleets of which
represent not less than 35% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant
shipping. To date, there has not been sufficient
adoption
of this standard for it to take force.
Although the United States is not a
party to these conventions, many countries have ratified and follow the
liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on
Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, as amended in 2000, or the
CLC. Under this convention and depending on whether the country in
which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the CLC, a vessel’s
registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the
territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil,
subject to certain defenses. The limits on liability outlined in the
1992 Protocol use the International Monetary Fund currency unit of Special
Drawing Rights, or SDR. Under an amendment to the 1992 Protocol that
became effective on November 1, 2003, for vessels between 5,000 and 140,000
gross tons (a unit of measurement for the total enclosed spaces within a
vessel), liability is limited to approximately 4.51 million SDR plus 631 SDR for
each additional gross ton over 5,000. For vessels of over 140,000
gross tons, liability is limited to 89.77 million SDR. The exchange
rate between SDRs and dollars was 0.675914 SDR per dollar on February 24,
2009. As the convention calculates liability in terms of a basket of
currencies, these figures are based on currency exchange rates on February 24,
2009. The right to limit liability is forfeited under the CLC where
the spill is caused by the shipowner’s actual fault and under the 1992 Protocol
where the spill is caused by the shipowner’s intentional or reckless
conduct. Vessels trading with states that are parties to these
conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the
owner. In jurisdictions where the CLC has not been adopted, various
legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the
basis of fault or in a manner similar to that of the CLC. We believe
that our protection and indemnity insurance covers the liability under the plan
adopted by the IMO.
In March
2006, the IMO amended Annex I to MARPOL, including a new regulation relating to
oil fuel tank protection, which became effective August 1, 2007. The
new regulation will apply to various ships delivered on or after August 1,
2010. It includes requirements for the protected location of the fuel
tanks, performance standards for accidental oil fuel outflow, a tank capacity
limit and certain other maintenance, inspection and engineering
standards.
The IMO adopted the International
Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, or the Bunker
Convention, to impose strict liability on ship owners for pollution damage in
jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of bunker
fuel. The Bunker Convention, which became effective on November 21,
2008, requires registered owners of ships over 1,000 gross tons to maintain
insurance for pollution damage in an amount equal to the limits of liability
under the applicable national or international limitation regime (but not
exceeding the amount calculated in accordance with the Convention on Limitation
of Liability for Maritime Claims of 1976, as amended). With respect
to non-ratifying states, liability for spills or releases of oil carried as fuel
in ship’s bunkers typically is determined by the national or other domestic laws
in the jurisdiction where the events or damages occur.
IMO regulations also require owners and
operators of vessels to adopt Ship Oil Pollution Emergency
Plans. Periodic training and drills for response personnel and for
vessels and their crews are required. Additionally, in U.S. waters,
vessels are required to comply with the U.S. Coast Guard requirement of having
an approved Non-Tanker Vessel Response Plan (“NTVRP”) and we believe that we are
in compliance with this requirement.
Anti-Fouling
Requirements
In 2001,
the IMO adopted the International Convention on the Control of Harmful
Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, or the Anti-fouling Convention. The
Anti-fouling Convention prohibits the use of organotin compound coatings to
prevent the attachment of mollusks and other sea life to the hulls of vessels
after September 1, 2003. The exteriors of vessels constructed prior
to January 1, 2003 that have not been in dry-dock must, as of September 17,
2008, either not contain the prohibited compounds or have coatings applied to
the vessel exterior that act as a barrier to the leaching of the prohibited
compounds. Vessels of over 400 gross tons engaged in international
voyages must obtain an International Anti-fouling System Certificate and undergo
a survey before the vessel is put into service or when the antifouling systems
are altered or replaced. We have obtained Anti-Fouling System
Certificates for all of our vessels that are subject to the Anti-Fouling
Convention.
Compliance
Enforcement
The flag state, as defined by the
United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, has overall responsibility for the
implementation and enforcement of international maritime regulations for all
ships granted the right to fly its flag. The “Shipping Industry
Guidelines on Flag State Performance” evaluates flag states based on factors
such as sufficiency of infrastructure, ratification of international maritime
treaties, implementation and enforcement of international maritime regulations,
supervision of surveys, casualty investigations and participation at IMO
meetings. Our vessels are flagged in the Marshall
Islands. Marshall Islands-flagged vessels have historically received
a good assessment in the shipping industry. We recognize the
importance of a credible flag state and do not intend to use flags of
convenience or flag states with poor performance indicators.
Noncompliance with the ISM Code or
other IMO regulations may subject the shipowner or bareboat charterer to
increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for
affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in,
some ports. The U.S. Coast Guard and European Union authorities have
indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code by the applicable
deadlines will be prohibited from trading in U.S. and European Union ports,
respectively. As of the date of this report, each of our vessels is
ISM Code certified. However, there can be no assurance that such
certificate will be maintained.
The IMO continues to review and
introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict what
additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect, if
any, such regulations might have on our operations.
The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of
1990 and Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
The U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or
OPA, established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection
and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all
owners and operators whose vessels trade in the United States, its territories
and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes
the United States’ territorial sea and its two hundred nautical mile exclusive
economic zone. The United States has also enacted the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, which applies
to the discharge of hazardous substances other than oil, whether on land or at
sea. Both OPA and CERCLA impact our operations.
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and
bareboat charterers are "responsible parties" and are jointly, severally and
strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a
third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up
costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil
from their vessels. OPA defines these other damages broadly to
include:
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natural
resources damage and the costs of assessment
thereof;
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real
and personal property damage;
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net
loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees and other lost
revenues;
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lost
profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural
resources damage; and
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net
cost of public services necessitated by a spill response, such as
protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence
use of natural resources.
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Under amendments to OPA that became
effective on July 11, 2006, the liability of responsible parties is limited
to the greater of $950 per gross ton or $0.8 million per non-tank vessel
(subject to periodic adjustment for inflation). On September 24,
2008, the U.S. Coast Guard proposed adjustments to the limits of liability for
non-tank vessels that would increase the limits for non-tank vessels to the
greater of $1,000 per gross ton or $848,000 and establish a procedure for
adjusting
the limits for inflation every three years. The comment period for
the proposed rule closed on November 24, 2008. CERCLA, which applies
to owners and operators of vessels, contains a similar liability regime and
provides for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages. Liability
under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5 million for
vessels carrying a hazardous substance as cargo and the greater of $300 per
gross ton or $0.5 million for any other vessel. These limits of
liability do not apply if an incident was directly caused by violation of
applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by a
responsible party's gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the
responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and
assist in connection with oil removal activities.
We currently maintain pollution
liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1 billion per incident for
each of our vessels. If the damages from a catastrophic spill were to
exceed our insurance coverage, it could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, results of operation’s and cash
flows.
OPA also requires owners and operators
of vessels to establish and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of
financial responsibility sufficient to meet their potential liabilities under
OPA and CERCLA. On October 17, 2008, the U.S. Coast Guard regulatory
requirements under OPA and CERCLA were amended to require evidence of financial
responsibility in amounts that reflect the higher limits of liability imposed by
the 2006 amendments to OPA, as described above. The increased amounts
became effective on January 15, 2009. Under the regulations, vessel
owners and operators may evidence their financial responsibility by showing
proof of insurance, surety bond, self-insurance or guaranty. Under
OPA, an owner or operator of a fleet of vessels is required only to demonstrate
evidence of financial responsibility in an amount sufficient to cover the
vessels in the fleet having the greatest maximum liability under
OPA.
The U.S. Coast Guard's regulations
concerning certificates of financial responsibility provide, in accordance with
OPA, that claimants may bring suit directly against an insurer or guarantor that
furnishes certificates of financial responsibility. In the event that
such insurer or guarantor is sued directly, it is prohibited from asserting any
contractual defense that it may have had against the responsible party and is
limited to asserting those defenses available to the responsible party and the
defense that the incident was caused by the willful misconduct of the
responsible party. Certain organizations, which had typically
provided certificates of financial responsibility under pre-OPA laws, including
the major protection and indemnity organizations, have declined to furnish
evidence of insurance for vessel owners and operators if they are subject to
direct actions or are required to waive insurance policy defenses.
The U.S. Coast Guard's financial
responsibility regulations may also be satisfied by evidence of surety bond,
guaranty or by self-insurance. Under the self-insurance provisions,
the ship owner or operator must have a net worth and working capital, measured
in assets located in the United States against liabilities located anywhere in
the world, that exceeds the applicable amount of financial
responsibility. We have complied with the U.S. Coast Guard
regulations by providing a certificate of responsibility from third party
entities that are acceptable to the U.S. Coast Guard evidencing sufficient
self-insurance.
OPA specifically permits individual
states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution
incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted
legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil spills. In some
cases, states, which have enacted such legislation, have not yet issued
implementing regulations defining vessels owners' responsibilities under these
laws. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in
the ports where our vessels call. We believe that we are in
substantial compliance with all applicable existing state
requirements. In addition, we intend to comply with all future
applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call.
Other
Environmental Initiatives
The U.S. Clean Water Act, or CWA,
prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances in U.S. navigable waters
unless authorized by a duly-issued permit or exemption, and imposes strict
liability in the form of penalties for any unauthorized
discharges. The CWA also imposes substantial liability for the costs
of removal, remediation and damages and complements the remedies available under
OPA and CERCLA. In addition, most U.S. states that border a
navigable
waterway have enacted environmental pollution laws that impose strict liability
on a person for removal costs and damages resulting from a discharge of oil or a
release of a hazardous substance. These laws may be more stringent
than U.S. federal law.
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, or EPA, historically exempted the discharge of ballast water and other
substances incidental to the normal operation of vessels in U.S. waters from CWA
permitting requirements. However, on March 31, 2005, a U.S. District
Court ruled that the EPA exceeded its authority in creating an exemption for
ballast water. On September 18, 2006, the court issued an order
invalidating the exemption in the EPA’s regulations for all discharges
incidental to the normal operation of a vessel as of September 30, 2008, and
directed the EPA to develop a system for regulating all discharges from vessels
by that date. The District Court’s decision was affirmed by the Ninth
Circuit Court of Appeals on July 23, 2008. The Ninth Circuit’s ruling
meant that owners and operators of vessels traveling in U.S. waters would soon
be required to comply with the CWA permitting program to be developed by the EPA
or face penalties.
In response to the invalidation and
removal of the EPA’s vessel exemption by the Ninth Circuit, the EPA has enacted
rules governing the regulation of ballast water discharges and other discharges
incidental to the normal operation of vessels within U.S.
waters. Under the new rules, which took effect February 6, 2009,
commercial vessels 79 feet in length or longer (other than commercial fishing
vessels), or Regulated Vessels, are required to obtain a CWA permit regulating
and authorizing such normal discharges. This permit, which the EPA
has designated as the Vessel General Permit for Discharges Incidental to the
Normal Operation of Vessels, or VGP, incorporates the current U.S. Coast Guard
requirements for ballast water management as well as supplemental ballast water
requirements, and includes limits applicable to 26 specific discharge streams,
such as deck runoff, bilge water and gray water.
For each discharge type, among other
things, the VGP establishes effluent limits pertaining to the constituents found
in the effluent, including best management practices, or BMPs, designed to
decrease the amount of constituents entering the waste stream. Unlike
land-based discharges, which are deemed acceptable by meeting certain
EPA-imposed numerical effluent limits, each of the 26 VGP discharge limits is
deemed to be met when a Regulated Vessel carries out the BMPs pertinent to that
specific discharge stream. The VGP imposes additional requirements on
certain Regulated Vessel types, including tankers, that emit discharges unique
to those vessels. Administrative provisions, such as inspection,
monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements are also included for all
Regulated Vessels.
On August 31, 2008, the District Court
ordered that the date for implementation of the VGP be postponed from September
30, 2008 until December 19, 2008. This date was further postponed
until February 6, 2009 by the District Court. Although the VGP became
effective on February 6, 2009, the VGP application procedure, known as the
Notice of Intent, or NOI, has yet to be finalized. Accordingly,
Regulated Vessels will effectively be covered under the VGP from February 6,
2009 until June 19, 2009, at which time the “eNOI” electronic filing interface
will become operational. Thereafter, owners and operators of
Regulated Vessels must file their NOIs prior to September 19, 2009, or the
Deadline. Any Regulated Vessel that does not file an NOI by the
Deadline will, as of that date, no longer be covered by the VGP and will not be
allowed to discharge into U.S. navigable waters until it has obtained a
VGP. Any Regulated Vessel that was delivered on or before the
Deadline will receive final VGP permit coverage on the date that the EPA
receives such Regulated Vessel’s complete NOI. Regulated vessels
delivered after the Deadline will not receive VGP permit coverage until 30 days
after their NOI submission. Our fleet is composed entirely of
Regulated Vessels, and we intend to submit NOIs for each vessel in our fleet as
soon after June 19, 2009 as practicable.
In addition, pursuant to Section 401 of
the CWA, which requires each state to certify federal discharge permits such as
the VGP, certain states have enacted additional discharge standards as
conditions to their certification of the VGP. These local standards
bring the VGP into compliance with more stringent state requirements, such as
those further restricting ballast water discharges and preventing the
introduction of non-indigenous species considered to be invasive. The
VGP and its state-specific regulations and any similar restrictions enacted in
the future will increase the costs of operating in the relevant
waters.
On
October 9, 2008, the United States ratified the amended Annex VI to the IMO’s
MARPOL Convention, addressing air pollution from ships, which went into effect
on January 8, 2009. The EPA and the State of California, however, have each
proposed more stringent regulations of air emissions from ocean-going
vessels. On July 24, 2008, the California Air Resources Board of the
State of California, or CARB, approved clean-fuel regulations applicable to all
vessels sailing within 24 miles of the California coastline whose itineraries
call for them to enter any California ports, terminal facilities, or internal or
estuarine waters. The new CARB regulations require such vessels to
use low sulfur marine fuels rather than bunker fuel. By July 1, 2009,
such vessels are required to switch either to marine gas oil with a sulfur
content of no more than 1.5% or marine diesel oil with a sulfur content of no
more than 0.5%. By 2012, only marine gas oil and marine diesel oil
fuels with 0.1% sulfur will be allowed. CARB unilaterally approved
the new regulations in spite of legal defeats at both the district and appellate
court levels, but more legal challenges are expected to follow. If
CARB prevails and the new regulations go into effect as scheduled July 1, 2009,
in the event our vessels were to travel within such waters, these new
regulations would require significant expenditures on low-sulfur fuel and
may increase our operating costs if operating outside a time charter or
vessel pool arrangement. Finally, although the more stringent CARB
regime was technically superseded when the United States ratified and
implemented the amended Annex VI, the possible declaration of various U.S.
coastal waters as Emissions Control Areas may in turn bring U.S. emissions
standards into line with the new CARB regulations, which would cause us to incur
further costs.
The U.S. National Invasive Species Act,
or NISA, was enacted in 1996 in response to growing reports of harmful organisms
being released into U.S. ports through ballast water taken on by ships in
foreign ports. NISA established a ballast water management program
for ships entering U.S. waters. Under NISA, mid-ocean ballast water
exchange is voluntary, except for ships heading to the Great Lakes or Hudson
Bay, or vessels engaged in the foreign export of Alaskan North Slope crude
oil. However, NISA's reporting and record-keeping requirements are
mandatory for vessels bound for any port in the United
States. Although ballast water exchange is the primary means of
compliance with the act's guidelines, compliance can also be achieved through
the retention of ballast water on board the ship, or the use of environmentally
sound alternative ballast water management methods approved by the U.S. Coast
Guard. If the mid-ocean ballast exchange is made mandatory throughout
the United States, or if water treatment requirements or options are instituted,
the cost of compliance could increase for ocean carriers. Although we
do not believe that the costs of compliance with a mandatory mid-ocean ballast
exchange would be material, it is difficult to predict the overall impact of
such a requirement on the drybulk shipping industry. The U.S. House
of Representatives has recently passed a bill that amends NISA by prohibiting
the discharge of ballast water unless it has been treated with specified methods
or acceptable alternatives. Similar bills have been introduced in the
U.S. Senate, but we cannot predict which bill, if any, will be enacted into
law. In the absence of federal standards, states have enacted
legislation or regulations to address invasive species through ballast water and
hull cleaning management and permitting requirements. For instance,
the State of California has recently enacted legislation extending its ballast
water management program to regulate the management of “hull fouling” organisms
attached to vessels and adopted regulations limiting the number of organisms in
ballast water discharges. In addition, in November 2008 the Sixth
Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a District Court’s dismissal of challenges to
the State of Michigan’s ballast water management legislation mandating the use
of various techniques for ballast water treatment. Other states may
proceed with the enactment of similar requirements that could increase the costs
of operating in state waters.
Our operations occasionally generate
and require the transportation, treatment and disposal of both hazardous and
non-hazardous solid wastes that are subject to the requirements of the U.S.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, or comparable state, local or
foreign requirements. In addition, from time to time we arrange for
the disposal of hazardous waste or hazardous substances at offsite disposal
facilities. If such materials are improperly disposed of by third
parties, we may still be held liable for clean up costs under applicable laws
and regulations.
European
Union Regulations
In 2005, the European Union adopted a
directive on ship-source pollution, imposing criminal sanctions for intentional,
reckless or negligent pollution discharges by ships. The directive
could result in criminal liability for pollution from vessels in waters of
European countries that adopt implementing legislation. Criminal
liability for
pollution
may result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability
claims.
Greenhouse
Gas Regulation
In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or the Kyoto
Protocol, entered into force. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol,
adopting countries are required to implement national programs to reduce
emissions of certain gases, generally referred to as greenhouse gases, which are
suspected of contributing to global warming. Currently, the emissions
of greenhouse gases from international shipping are not subject to the Kyoto
Protocol. However, the European Union has indicated that it intends
to propose an expansion of the existing European Union emissions trading scheme
to include emissions of greenhouse gases from vessels. In the United
States, the Attorney Generals from 16 states and a coalition of environmental
groups in April 2008 filed a petition for a writ of mandamus, or petition, with
the DC Circuit Court of Appeals to request an order requiring the EPA to
regulate greenhouse gas emissions from ocean-going vessels under the Clean Air
Act. The court denied the petition in June 2008. However,
pursuant to an April 2, 2007 order of the U.S. Supreme court, the EPA is
currently considering whether carbon dioxide should be considered a pollutant
that endangers public health and welfare, and thus subject to regulation under
the Clean Air Act. Future passage of climate control legislation or
other regulatory initiatives by the IMO, European Union, United States or other
individual countries where we operate that restrict emissions of greenhouse
gases could entail financial impacts on our operations that we cannot predict
with certainty at this time.
Vessel
Security Regulations
Since the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of
initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. On November 25,
2002, the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, came
into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003,
the U.S. Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain
security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002,
amendments to SOLAS created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically
with maritime security. The new chapter became effective in July 2004
and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port
authorities, most of which are contained in the newly created International Ship
and Port Facilities Security Code, or the ISPS Code. The ISPS Code is
designed to protect ports and international shipping against
terrorism. After July 1, 2004, to trade internationally, a vessel
must attain an International Ship Security Certificate from a recognized
security organization approved by the vessel’s flag state. Among the
various requirements are:
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on-board
installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for
the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among
similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a
ship’s identity, position, course, speed and navigational
status;
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on-board
installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the
vessel but only alert the authorities on
shore;
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the
development of vessel security
plans;
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ship
identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel’s
hull;
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a
continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel’s history
including the name of the ship and of the state whose flag the ship is
entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that
state, the ship’s identification number, the port at which the ship is
registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered
address; and
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compliance
with flag state security certification
requirements.
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The U.S. Coast Guard regulations,
intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt from
MTSA vessel security measures non-U.S. vessels that have on board, as of July 1,
2004, a valid International Ship Security Certificate attesting to the vessel’s
compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. We
have implemented the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and
the ISPS Code.
Inspection
by Classification Societies
Every
oceangoing vessel must be ‘‘classed’’ by a classification
society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is ‘‘in
class,’’ signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance
with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules
and regulations of the vessel’s country of registry and the international
conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where
surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and
ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on
application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities
concerned.
The
classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that
are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These
surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case and/or to the
regulations of the country concerned.
For
maintenance of the class certification, regular and extraordinary surveys of
hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment
classed are required to be performed as follows:
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Annual
Surveys: For seagoing ships, annual surveys are
conducted for the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant,
and where applicable for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12
months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the
certificate.
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Intermediate
Surveys: Extended annual surveys are referred to as
intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and one-half years
after commissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate
surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the second or third annual
survey.
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Class Renewal
Surveys: Class renewal surveys, also known as special
surveys, are carried out for the ship’s hull, machinery, including the
electrical plant, and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals
indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At
the special survey, the vessel is thoroughly examined, including
audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel
structures. Should the thickness be found to be less than class
requirements, the classification society would prescribe steel
renewals. The classification society may grant a one-year grace
period for completion of the special survey. Substantial
amounts of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special
survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In
lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on whether
a grace period was granted, a shipowner has the option of arranging with
the classification society for the vessel’s hull or machinery to be on a
continuous survey cycle, in which every part of the vessel would be
surveyed within a five-year cycle. Upon a shipowner’s request,
the surveys required for class renewal may be split according to an agreed
schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This
process is referred to as continuous class
renewal.
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All areas
subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be
surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between
surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent
surveys of each area must not exceed five years.
Most
vessels are also drydocked every 30 to 36 months for inspection of the
underwater parts and for repairs related to inspections. If any
defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a ‘‘recommendation’’
which must be rectified by the shipowner within prescribed time
limits.
Most
insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel
be certified as ‘‘in class’’ by a classification society which is a member of
the International Association of Classification Societies. All of our
vessels have been certified as being “in class” by ABS, BV, NK, DNV or
Lloyd’s. All new and secondhand vessels that we purchase must be
certified prior to their delivery under our standard agreements.
SEASONALITY
We operate our vessels in markets that
have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand and, as a result,
charter rates. We seek to mitigate the risk of these seasonal
variations by entering into long-term time charters for our vessels, where
possible. However, this seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter
volatility in our operating results, depending on when we enter into our time
charters or if our vessels trade on the spot market. The drybulk
sector is typically stronger in the fall and winter months in anticipation of
increased consumption of coal and raw materials in the northern hemisphere
during the winter months. As a result, our revenues could be weaker
during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30, and conversely, our
revenues could be stronger during the quarters ended December 31 and March
31.
ITEM
1A. RISK FACTORS
ADDITIONAL
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
This annual report on Form 10-K
contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such
forward-looking statements use words such as “anticipate,”
“budget,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,”
and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of
potential future events, circumstances or future operating or financial
performance. These forward-looking statements are based on our
management’s current expectations and observations. Included among
the factors that, in our view, could cause actual results to differ materially
from the forward looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 10-K
are the following: (i) changes in demand or rates in the drybulk shipping
industry; (ii) changes in the supply of or demand for drybulk products,
generally or in particular regions; (iii) changes in the supply of drybulk
carriers including newbuilding of vessels or lower than anticipated scrapping of
older vessels; (iv) changes in rules and regulations applicable to the cargo
industry, including, without limitation, legislation adopted by international
organizations or by individual countries and actions taken by regulatory
authorities; (v) increases in costs and expenses including but not limited to:
crew wages, insurance, provisions, repairs, maintenance and general and
administrative expenses; (vi) the adequacy of our insurance arrangements; (vii)
changes in general domestic and international political conditions; (viii)
changes in the condition of the Company’s vessels or applicable maintenance or
regulatory standards (which may affect, among other things, our anticipated
drydocking or maintenance and repair costs) and unanticipated drydock
expenditures; (ix) the amount of offhire time needed to complete repairs on
vessels and the timing and amount of any reimbursement by our insurance carriers
for insurance claims including offhire days; (x) our acquisition or
disposition of vessels; (xi) the fulfillment of the closing conditions
under, or the execution of customary additional documentation for, the Company’s
agreements to acquire a total of three drybulk vessels; (xii) the results
of the investigation into the incident involving the collision of the Genco
Hunter, the possible cause of and liability for such incident, and the scope of
insurance coverage available to Genco for such incident; (xiii) the Company’s
ability to collect amounts due from Samsun Logix Corporation and/or recharter
the Genco Cavalier at all or at favorable rates; (xiv) the extent of
repairs required for the Genco Cavalier and the Company’s ability to collect on
any damage claim for its recent collision; (xv) those other risks and
uncertainties discussed below under the heading “RISK FACTORS RELATED TO
OUR BUSINESS & OPERATIONS”, and (xvi) other factors listed from time to time
in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The following risk factors and other
information included in this report should be carefully considered. If any
of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating
results and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected and the
trading price of our common stock could decline.
RISK
FACTORS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS & OPERATIONS
Industry
Specific Risk Factors
The current
global economic turndown may continue to negatively impact our
business.
Recent
months have seen a significant shift in the global economy, with operating
businesses facing tightening credit, weakening demand for goods and services,
deteriorating international liquidity conditions, and declining
markets. Lower demand for drybulk cargoes as well as diminished trade
credit available for the delivery of such cargoes have led to decreased demand
for drybulk vessels, creating downward pressure on charter rates. If the
current global economic environment persists or worsens, we may be
negatively affected in the following ways:
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We
may not be able to employ our vessels at charter rates as favorable to us
as historical rates or operate our vessels
profitably.
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The
market value of our vessels could further decrease, which may cause us to
recognize losses if any of our vessels are sold or if their values are
impaired. In connection with this risk, we recently amended our
credit facility to obtain a waiver of the collateral maintenance
requirement until we can satisfy the requirement and meet certain other
conditions. If we did not have such a waiver, such a
decline in the market value of our vessels could prevent us from borrowing
under our credit facility or trigger a default under its
covenants.
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Charterers
could seek to renegotiate the terms of their charterers with us or have
difficulty meeting their payment obligations to us. We
understand that Samsun Logix Corporation, the charterer of the Genco
Cavalier, has recently filed for the equivalent of bankruptcy protection
in South Korea.
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The
value of our investment in Jinhui could decline further in future years,
and we may recognize additional impairment losses if we were to sell our
shares or if the value of our investment is further
impaired.
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The
occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to
pay dividends.
Charterhire rates for drybulk
carriers are volatile and are currently at relatively low levels as compared to
historical levels and may further decrease in the
future, which may adversely affect our earnings.
The
drybulk shipping industry is cyclical with attendant volatility in charterhire
rates and profitability. The degree of charterhire rate volatility
among different types of drybulk carriers has varied
widely. Charterhire rates are volatile, as evidenced by the
historically high rates during May 2008, which have since declined to extreme
lows in December 2008.
Because
we generally charter our vessels pursuant to time charters, we are exposed to
changes in spot market rates for drybulk carriers at the time of entering into
charterhire contracts and such changes may affect our earnings and the value of
our drybulk carriers at any given time. We cannot assure you that we
will be able to successfully charter our vessels in the future or renew existing
charters at rates sufficient to allow us to meet our obligations or to pay
dividends to our shareholders. The supply of and demand for shipping
capacity strongly influences freight rates. Because the factors
affecting the supply and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are
unpredictable, the nature, timing, direction and degree of changes in industry
conditions are also unpredictable.
Factors that influence demand for
vessel capacity include:
·
|
demand
for and production of drybulk
products;
|
·
|
global
and regional economic and political conditions including developments in
international trade, fluctuations in industrial and agricultural
production and armed conflicts;
|
·
|
the
distance drybulk cargo is to be moved by
sea;
|
·
|
environmental
and other regulatory developments;
and
|
·
|
changes
in seaborne and other transportation
patterns.
|
The factors that influence the supply
of vessel capacity include:
·
|
the
number of newbuilding deliveries;
|
·
|
port
and canal congestion;
|
·
|
the
scrapping rate of older vessels;
|
·
|
the
number of vessels that are out of service, i.e., laid-up, drydocked,
awaiting repairs or otherwise not available for
hire.
|
In addition to the prevailing and
anticipated freight rates, factors that affect the rate of newbuilding,
scrapping and laying-up include newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in
relation to scrap prices, costs of bunkers and other operating costs, costs
associated with classification society surveys, normal maintenance and insurance
coverage, the efficiency and age profile of the existing fleet in the market and
government and industry regulation of maritime transportation practices,
particularly environmental protection laws and regulations. These
factors influencing the supply of and demand for shipping capacity are outside
of our control, and we may not be able to correctly assess the nature, timing
and degree of changes in industry conditions.
We anticipate that the future demand
for our drybulk carriers will be dependent upon economic growth in the world's
economies, including China and India, seasonal and regional changes in demand,
changes in the capacity of the global drybulk carrier fleet and the sources and
supply of drybulk cargo to be transported by sea. The capacity of the
global drybulk carrier fleet seems likely to increase and we can provide no
assurance as to the timing or extent of future economic
growth. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations,
cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
An
over-supply of drybulk carrier capacity may lead to reductions in charterhire
rates and profitability.
The
market supply of drybulk carriers has been increasing as a result of the
delivery of numerous newbuilding orders over the last few
years. Currently, we believe there is an oversupply of vessels, as
evidenced by some carriers letting their ships sit idle rather than operate them
at current rates. However, future newbuilding deliveries are being
affected by the cancellation of vessel orders, which may result in a reduction
in the growth of the future supply of vessels.
Newbuildings
were delivered in significant numbers starting at the beginning of 2006 and
continued to be delivered in significant numbers through 2007 and
2008. An oversupply of drybulk carrier capacity may result in a
reduction of charterhire rates, as evidenced by historically low rates in
December 2008. If such a reduction continues, upon the expiration or
termination of our vessels’ current charters, we may only be able to re-charter
our vessels at reduced or unprofitable rates, or we may not be able to charter
these vessels at all.
The
market values of our vessels may decrease, which could adversely affect our
operating results, cause us to breach one or more of the covenants in our 2007
Credit Facility or limit the total amount that we may borrow under our 2007
Credit Facility.
If the book value of one of our vessels
is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions or a vessel is sold at a price
below its book value, we would incur a loss that could adversely affect our
financial results. Also, we have entered into a credit agreement with
a syndicate of commercial lenders that provides us with the 2007 Credit
Facility. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may not be in
compliance with certain provisions of our 2007 Credit Facility, and we may not
be able to refinance our debt or obtain additional financing. We
recently obtained a waiver of the collateral maintenance requirement under our
2007 Credit Facility, subject to certain conditions as mentioned
above. This requirement is waived effective for the year ended
December 31, 2008 and until the Company can represent that it is in compliance
with all of its financial covenants and is otherwise able to pay a dividend and
purchase or redeem shares of common stock under the terms of the Credit Facility
in effect before the 2009 Amendment. With the exception of the
collateral maintenance financial covenant, the Company believes that it is in
compliance with its covenants under the 2007 Credit Facility. Without
a waiver of the kind provided in the recent amendment to our 2007 Credit
Facility, a decrease in the fair market value of our vessels may cause us to
breach one or more of the covenants in our Credit Facility, which could
accelerate the repayment of outstanding borrowings under the facility, or may
limit the total amount that we may borrow under the facility. We
cannot assure you that we will satisfy all our debt covenants in the future or
that our lenders will waive any future failure to satisfy these
covenants. The occurrence of these events could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends.
A further economic slowdown in the
Asia Pacific region could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial position and results of operations.
A significant number of the port calls
made by our vessels involve the loading or discharging of raw materials and
semi-finished products in ports in the Asia Pacific region. As a
result, a negative change in economic conditions in any Asia Pacific country,
and particularly in China or Japan, may have an adverse effect on our business,
results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends. In particular, in recent years, China has been one of the
world's fastest growing economies in terms of gross domestic product, although
the growth rate of China’s economy slowed significantly in 2008. We
cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will not experience a significant
contraction in the future. Moreover, a significant or protracted
slowdown in the economies of the United States, the European Union or various
Asian countries may adversely affect economic growth in China and
elsewhere. Our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends will likely be materially and adversely
affected by an economic downturn in any of these countries.
We are subject to regulation and
liability under environmental and operational safety laws that could require
significant expenditures and affect our cash flows and net income and could
subject us to increased liability under applicable law or
regulation.
Our business and the operation of our
vessels are materially affected by government regulation in the form of
international conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations in
force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels operate, as well as in the
countries of their registration. Because such conventions, laws, and
regulations are often revised, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying
with them or their impact on the resale prices or useful lives of our
vessels. Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted
that could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of our doing
business and that may materially adversely affect our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends. We are required by various governmental and
quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses, certificates
and financial assurances with respect to our operations.
The
operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the United
Nations' International Maritime Organization's International Management Code for
the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or ISM
Code. The ISM Code requires shipowners, ship managers and bareboat
charterers to develop and maintain an extensive "Safety Management System" that
includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting
forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures
for dealing with emergencies. The failure of a shipowner or bareboat
charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject it to increased liability, may
invalidate existing insurance or decrease available insurance coverage for the
affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in,
certain ports.
Although
the United States is not a party, many countries have ratified and follow the
liability scheme adopted by the IMO and set out in the CLC, and the Convention
for the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution of 1971, as
amended. Under these conventions, a vessel's registered owner is
strictly liable for pollution damage caused on the territorial waters of a
contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete
defenses.
Many of
the countries that have ratified the CLC have increased the liability limits
through a 1992 Protocol to the CLC. The right to limit liability is
also forfeited under the CLC where the spill is caused by the owner's actual
fault and, under the 1992 Protocol, where the spill is caused by the owner's
intentional or reckless conduct. Vessels trading to contracting
states must provide evidence of insurance coverage. In jurisdictions
where the CLC has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law
govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner
similar to the CLC.
The
United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive
regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the
environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and operators
whose vessels trade in the United States, its territories and possessions or
whose vessels operate in U.S. waters. OPA allows for potentially
unlimited liability without regard to fault of vessel owners, operators and
bareboat charterers for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages
arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels,
including bunkers, in U.S. waters. OPA also expressly permits
individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to hazardous
materials and oil pollution materials occurring within their
boundaries.
While we
do not carry oil as cargo, we do carry bunkers in our drybulk
carriers. We currently maintain, for each of our vessels, pollution
liability coverage insurance of $1 billion per incident. Damages from
a catastrophic spill exceeding our insurance coverage could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends.
Increased
inspection procedures and tighter import and export controls could increase
costs and disrupt our business.
International shipping is subject to
various security and customs inspection and related procedures in countries of
origin and destination. Inspection procedures can result in the
seizure of the contents of our vessels, delays in the loading, offloading or
delivery and the levying of customs duties, fines or other penalties against
us.
It is possible that changes to
inspection procedures could impose additional financial and legal obligations on
us. Furthermore, changes to inspection procedures could also impose
additional costs and obligations on our customers and may, in certain cases,
render the shipment of certain types of cargo uneconomical or
impractical. Any such changes or developments may have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends.
We
operate our vessels worldwide and as a result, our vessels are exposed to
international risks which could reduce revenue or increase
expenses.
The
international shipping industry is an inherently risky business involving global
operations. Our vessels will be at risk of damage or loss because of
events such as mechanical failure, collision, human error, war, terrorism,
piracy,
cargo
loss and bad weather. All these hazards can result in death or injury
to persons, increased costs, loss of revenues, loss or damage to property
(including cargo), environmental damage, higher insurance rates, damage to our
customer relationships, harm to our reputation as a safe and reliable operator
and delay or rerouting. In addition, changing economic, regulatory
and political conditions in some countries, including political and military
conflicts, have from time to time resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of
waterways, piracy, terrorism, labor strikes and boycotts. These sorts
of events could interfere with shipping routes and result in market disruptions
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends.
If our
vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking
facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and can be
substantial. We may have to pay drydocking costs that our insurance
does not cover in full. The loss of earnings while these vessels are
being repaired and repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs,
would decrease our earnings. In addition, space at drydocking
facilities is sometimes limited and not all drydocking facilities are
conveniently located. We may be unable to find space at a suitable
drydocking facility or we may be forced to travel to a drydocking facility that
is distant from the relevant vessel's position. The loss of earnings
while vessels are forced to wait for space or to travel to more distant
drydocking facilities would decrease our earnings.
The operation of drybulk carriers
has certain unique operational risks which could affect our earnings and cash
flow.
The
operation of certain ship types, such as drybulk carriers, has certain unique
risks. With a drybulk carrier, the cargo itself and its interaction
with the vessel can be an operational risk. By their nature, drybulk
cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily shifted, and react badly to water
exposure. In addition, drybulk carriers are often subjected to
battering treatment during unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry
encrusted cargoes out of the hold) and small bulldozers. This
treatment may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to
treatment during unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach to the
sea. Hull breaches in drybulk carriers may lead to the flooding of
the vessels' holds. If a drybulk carrier suffers flooding in its
forward holds, the bulk cargo may become so dense and waterlogged that its
pressure may buckle the vessel's bulkheads, leading to the loss of a
vessel. If we are unable to adequately maintain our vessels, we may
be unable to prevent these events. Any of these circumstances or
events may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends. In addition, the loss of any of our vessels could harm our
reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.
Acts
of piracy on ocean-going vessels have recently increased in frequency, which
could adversely affect our business.
Acts of
piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the
world such as the South China Sea and in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of
Somalia. Throughout 2008, the frequency of piracy incidents increased
significantly, particularly in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of
Somalia. If these piracy attacks result in regions in which our
vessels are deployed being characterized by insurers as “war risk” zones, as the
Gulf of Aden temporarily was in May 2008, or Joint War Committee (JWC) “war and
strikes” listed areas, premiums payable for such coverage could increase
significantly and such insurance coverage may be more difficult to
obtain. In addition, crew costs, including costs which may be
incurred to the extent we employ onboard security guards, could increase in such
circumstances. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from
these incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In
addition, detention hijacking as a result of an act of piracy against our
vessels, or an increase in cost, or unavailability of insurance for our vessels,
could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations,
cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
Terrorist
attacks, such as the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001,
and other acts of violence or war may affect the financial markets and our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Terrorist
attacks such as the attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 and
the United States’ continuing response to these attacks, the attacks in London
on July 7, 2005, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks, continue to
cause uncertainty in the world financial markets, including the energy
markets. The continuing conflict in Iraq may
lead to
additional acts of terrorism, armed conflict and civil disturbance around the
world, which may contribute to further instability including in the drybulk
shipping markets. Terrorist attacks, such as the attack on the M.T.
Limburg in Yemen in October 2002, may also negatively affect our trade patterns
or other operations and directly impact our vessels or our
customers. Future terrorist attacks could result in increased
volatility of the financial markets in the United States and globally and could
result in an economic recession in the United States or the
world. Any of these occurrences, or the perception that drybulk
carriers are potential terrorist targets, could have a material adverse impact
on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and
ability to pay dividends.
Compliance
with safety and other vessel requirements imposed by classification societies
may be costly and could reduce our net cash flows and net income.
The hull and machinery of every
commercial vessel must be certified as being "in class" by a classification
society authorized by its country of registry. The classification
society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the
applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and
the Safety of Life at Sea Convention. Our vessels are currently
enrolled with the ABS, NK, DNV, or Lloyd’s, each of which is a member of the
International Association of Classification Societies.
A vessel must undergo annual surveys,
intermediate surveys and special surveys. In lieu of a special
survey, a vessel's machinery may be placed on a continuous survey cycle, under
which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a five-year
period. Our vessels are on special survey cycles for hull inspection
and continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every vessel
is also required to be drydocked every two to three years for inspection of its
underwater parts.
If any vessel does not maintain its
class or fails any annual, intermediate or special survey, the vessel will be
unable to trade between ports and will be unemployable and we could be in
violation of certain covenants in our 2007 Credit Facility, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows,
financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
We
may be unable to attract and retain qualified, skilled employees or crew
necessary to operate our business.
Our
success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain highly
skilled and qualified personnel. In crewing our vessels, we require
technically skilled employees with specialized training who can perform
physically demanding work. Competition to attract and retain
qualified crew members is intense. We expect crew costs to increase
in 2009. If we are not able to increase our rates to compensate for
any crew cost increases, it could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to
pay dividends. Any inability we experience in the future to hire,
train and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees could impair our
ability to manage, maintain and grow our business.
Labor
interruptions could disrupt our business.
Our vessels are manned by masters,
officers and crews that are employed by third parties. If not
resolved in a timely and cost-effective manner, industrial action or other labor
unrest could prevent or hinder our operations from being carried out normally
and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations,
cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
The
smuggling of drugs or other contraband onto our vessels may lead to governmental
claims against us.
We expect that our vessels will call in
ports in South America and other areas where smugglers attempt to hide drugs and
other contraband on vessels, with or without the knowledge of crew
members. To the extent our vessels are found with contraband, whether
inside or attached to the hull of our vessel and whether with or without the
knowledge of any of our crew, we may face governmental or other regulatory
claims which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends.
Arrests
of our vessels by maritime claimants could cause a significant loss of earnings
for the related off-hire period.
Crew
members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and
other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for
unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a
maritime lienholder may enforce its lien by “arresting” or “attaching” a vessel
through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or
more of our vessels could result in a significant loss of earnings for the
related off-hire period. In addition, in jurisdictions where the
“sister ship” theory of liability applies, a claimant may arrest the vessel
which is subject to the claimant’s maritime lien and any “associated” vessel,
which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. In
countries with “sister ship” liability laws, claims might be asserted against us
or any of our vessels for liabilities of other vessels that we own.
Governments
could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in
loss of earnings.
A government of a vessel's registry
could requisition for title or seize our vessels. Requisition for
title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes the
owner. A government could also requisition our vessels for
hire. Requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of
a vessel and effectively becomes the charterer at dictated charter
rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a period of war or
emergency. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash
flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
Increases
in fuel prices could adversely affect our profits.
From time
to time, we may operate our vessels on spot charters either directly or by
placing them in pools with similar vessels. Spot charter arrangements
generally provide that the vessel owner or pool operator bear the cost of fuel
(bunkers), which is a significant vessel operating expense. We
currently have three vessels operating in vessel pools, and we may arrange for
more vessels to do so, depending on market conditions. Also, the cost
of fuel may also be a factor in negotiating charter rates in the
future. As a result, an increase in the price of fuel beyond our
expectations may adversely affect our profitability, cash flows and ability to
pay dividends. The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and
fluctuates as a result of events outside our control, including
geo-political developments, supply and demand for oil and gas, actions by
members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and other oil
and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions,
regional production patterns and environmental concerns and
regulations.
Our
results of operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may adversely
affect our financial condition.
We operate our vessels in markets that
have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand and, as a result,
charter rates. This seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter
volatility in our operating results, depending on when we enter into our time
charters or if our vessels trade on the spot market. The drybulk
sector is typically stronger in the fall and winter months in anticipation of
increased consumption of coal and raw materials in the northern hemisphere
during the winter months. As a result, our revenues could be weaker
during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30, and conversely, our
revenue could be stronger during the quarters ended December 31 and March
31. This seasonality could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to
pay dividends.
Company
Specific Risk Factors
Our
earnings will be adversely affected if we do not successfully employ our
vessels.
As of February 26, 2009, all but three
of the vessels in our fleet were engaged under time charter contracts that
expire (assuming the option periods in the time charters are not exercised)
between March 2009 and October 2012. One
of these
vessels, the Genco Cavalier, is currently engaged under a time charter contract
with Samsun Logix Corporation, which we understand has filed for the equivalent
of bankruptcy protection in South Korea. Three of our vessels
currently trade in the spot charter market through participation in pool
arrangements. Although time charters provide relatively steady
streams of revenues, our vessels committed to time charters may not be available
for spot voyages during periods of increasing charterhire rates, when spot
voyages might be more profitable. The drybulk market is volatile, and
in the past charterhire rates for drybulk carriers have sometimes declined below
operating costs of vessels. If our vessels become available for
employment in the spot market or under new time charters during periods when
market prices have fallen, we may have to employ our vessels at depressed market
prices, which would lead to reduced or volatile earnings. Also, while
Genco is currently actively exploring its options to collect amounts due to the
Company from Samsun Logix Corporation, there can be no assurance as to when and
how much of such amounts may be collected or whether the Company can recharter
the Genco Cavalier at all or at favorable rates. To the extent our
vessels trade in the spot charter market, we may experience fluctuations in
revenue, cash flow and net income. The spot charter market is highly
competitive, and spot market voyage charter rates may fluctuate dramatically
based primarily on the worldwide supply of drybulk vessels available in the
market and the worldwide demand for the transportation of drybulk
cargoes. We can provide no assurance that future charterhire rates
will enable us to operate our vessels profitably. In addition, our
standard time charter contracts with our customers specify certain performance
parameters, which if not met can result in customer claims. Such
claims may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends.
If
we cannot find profitable employment for additional vessels that we acquire, our
earnings will be adversely affected.
We generally acquire vessels free of
charter, although we have and may again acquire some vessels with continuing
time charters. In addition, where a vessel has been under a voyage
charter, it is rare in the shipping industry for the last charterer of the
vessel in the seller's hands to continue as the first charterer of the vessel in
the buyer's hands. To the extent we operate our vessels in vessel
pools, the profitable employment of our vessels depends to some degree on the
ability of the pool operators. We provide no assurance that we will
be able to arrange immediate or profitable employment for vessels that we
acquire. If we cannot do so, it could have a material adverse effect
on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and
ability to pay dividends.
We
depend upon a small number of charterers for a large part of our
revenues. The loss of one or more of these charterers could adversely
affect our financial performance.
We have derived a significant part of
our revenues from a small number of charterers. For the year ended
December 31, 2008, 100% of our revenues were derived from 22
charterers. Additionally, approximately 42.4% of our revenues were
derived from two charterers, Pacbasin and Cargill. If we were to lose
any of these charterers, or if any of these charterers significantly reduced its
use of our services or was unable to make charter payments to us, it could have
a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows,
financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
Our
practice of purchasing and operating previously owned vessels may result in
increased operating costs and vessels off-hire, which could adversely affect our
earnings.
All of our drybulk carriers, other than
the Genco Augustus, Genco Tiberius, Genco Titus, Genco London, Genco
Constantine, Genco Raptor, Genco Cavalier, Genco Thunder and Genco Hadrian, were
previously owned by third parties. Our current business strategy
includes additional growth through the acquisition of previously owned
vessels. While we typically inspect previously owned vessels before
purchase, this does not provide us with the same knowledge about their condition
that we would have had if these vessels had been built for and operated
exclusively by us. Accordingly, we may not discover defects or other
problems with such vessels before purchase. Any such hidden defects
or problems, when detected, may be expensive to repair, and if not detected, may
result in accidents or other incidents for which we may become liable to third
parties. Also, when purchasing previously owned vessels, we do not
receive the benefit of any builder warranties if the vessels we buy are older
than one year.
In general, the costs to maintain a
vessel in good operating condition increase with the age of the
vessel. Older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient than more
recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine
technology.
Governmental regulations, safety and
other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may require expenditures
for alterations or the addition of new equipment to some of our vessels and may
restrict the type of activities in which these vessels may engage. We
cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those
expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder
of their useful lives. As a result, regulations and standards could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash
flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.
An
increase in operating costs could adversely affect our cash flow and financial
condition.
Our vessel operating expenses include
the costs of crew, provisions, deck and engine stores, insurance and maintenance
and repairs, which depend on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our
control. Some of these costs, primarily relating to insurance and
enhanced security measures implemented after September 11, 2001 and as a
result of a recent increase in the frequency of acts of piracy, have been
increasing. In addition, to the extent we enter the spot charter
market, we need to include the cost of bunkers as part of our voyage
expenses. The price of fuel may increase in the future. If
our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking
facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and can be
substantial. Increases in any of these costs could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial
condition and ability to pay dividends.
We
depend to a significant degree upon third-party managers to provide the
technical management of our fleet. Any failure of these technical
managers to perform their obligations to us could adversely affect our
business.
We have contracted the technical
management of our fleet, including crewing, maintenance and repair services, to
third-party technical management companies. The failure of these
technical managers to perform their obligations could materially and adversely
affect our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and
ability to pay dividends. Although we may have rights against our
third-party managers if they default on their obligations to us, our
shareholders will share that recourse only indirectly to the extent that we
recover funds.
In
the highly competitive international drybulk shipping industry, we may not be
able to compete for charters with new entrants or established companies with
greater resources.
We employ our vessels in a highly
competitive market that is capital intensive and highly
fragmented. Competition arises primarily from other vessel owners,
some of whom have substantially greater resources than we
do. Competition for the transportation of drybulk cargoes can be
intense and depends on price, location, size, age, condition and the
acceptability of the vessel and its managers to the charterers. Due
in part to the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources
could enter and operate larger fleets through consolidations or acquisitions
that may be able to offer better prices and fleets than we are able to
offer.
The
aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs in the future, which
could adversely affect our earnings.
In
general, the costs to maintain a drybulk carrier in good operating condition
increase with the age of the vessel. The average age of the vessels
in our current fleet is approximately 6.5 years as of December 31,
2008. Older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient and more costly
to maintain than more recently constructed drybulk carriers due to improvements
in engine technology. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of
a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers.
We are currently prohibited from
paying dividends or repurchasing our stock, and it is unlikely this prohibition
will be lifted until market conditions improve.
We
recently agreed to an amendment to our 2007 Credit Facility that contained a
waiver of the collateral maintenance requirement. As a condition of
this waiver, among other things, we agreed to suspend our cash dividends and
share repurchases until such time as we can satisfy the collateral maintenance
requirement. Until market conditions which have resulted in a decline
in the value of drybulk vessels improve, it is unlikely that we will be able to
meet that condition to reinstate our cash dividends and share
repurchases.
Even if we were able to satisfy the
condition in our 2007 Credit Facility to reinstate the payment of cash
dividends, we would make dividend payments to our shareholders only
if our board of directors, acting in its sole discretion, determines that such
payments would be in our best interest and in compliance with relevant legal and
contractual requirements. The principal business factors that our
board of directors considers when determining the timing and amount of dividend
payments will be our earnings, financial condition and cash requirements at the
time. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the
declaration and payment of dividends other than from
surplus. Marshall Islands law also prohibits the declaration and
payment of dividends while a company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent
by the payment of such a dividend.
We may incur other expenses or
liabilities that would reduce or eliminate the cash available for distribution
as dividends. We may also enter into new agreements or the Marshall
Islands or another jurisdiction may adopt laws or regulations that place
additional restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. If we do not
pay dividends, the return on your investment would be limited to the price at
which you could sell your shares.
We
may not be able to grow or effectively manage our growth, which could cause us
to incur additional indebtedness and other liabilities and adversely affect our
business.
A principal focus of our business
strategy is to grow by expanding our business. Our future growth will
depend on a number of factors, some of which we can control and some of which we
cannot. These factors include our ability to:
·
|
identify
vessels for acquisition;
|
·
|
consummate
acquisitions or establish joint
ventures;
|
·
|
integrate
acquired vessels successfully with our existing
operations;
|
·
|
expand
our customer base; and
|
·
|
obtain
required financing for our existing and new
operations.
|
Growing any business by acquisition
presents numerous risks, including undisclosed liabilities and obligations,
difficulty obtaining additional qualified personnel, managing relationships with
customers and suppliers and integrating newly acquired operations into existing
infrastructures. Future acquisitions could result in the incurrence
of additional indebtedness and liabilities that could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition
and ability to pay dividends. In addition, competition from other
buyers for vessels could reduce our acquisition opportunities or cause us to pay
a higher price than we might otherwise pay. We cannot assure you that
we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that we will not incur
significant expenses and losses in connection with these plans.
Restrictive
covenants in our 2007 Credit Facility may impose financial and other
restrictions on us which could negatively impact our growth and adversely affect
our operations.
Our ability to borrow amounts under our
2007 Credit Facility are subject to the satisfaction of certain customary
conditions precedent and compliance with terms and conditions included in the
related credit documents. It is a
condition
precedent to each drawdown under the facility that the aggregate fair market
value of the mortgaged vessels must at all times be at least 130% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount under the credit facility plus all
letters of credit outstanding (determined on a pro forma basis giving effect to
the amount proposed to be drawn down), although this condition is currently
subject to a waiver as noted above. To the extent that we are not
able to satisfy these requirements, we may not be able to draw down the full
amount under our 2007 Credit Facility without obtaining a further waiver or
consent from the lenders. In addition, the covenants in our 2007
Credit Facility include the following requirements:
●
|
The
leverage covenant requires the maximum average net debt to EBITDA to be
ratio of at least 5.5:1.0;
|
●
|
cash
and cash equivalents must not be less than $0.5 million per mortgaged
vessel;
|
●
|
the
ratio of EBITDA to interest expense, on a rolling last four-quarter basis,
must be no less than 2.0:1.0;
and
|
·
|
after
July 20, 2007, consolidated net worth must be no less than $263.3 million
plus 80% of the value of any new equity issuances of the Company from June
30, 2007. Based on the equity offerings completed in October
2007 and May 2008, consolidated net worth must be no less than $590.8
million.
|
We cannot assure you that we will be
able to comply with these covenants in the future.
Our 2007
Credit Facility imposes operating and financial restrictions on
us. These restrictions may limit our ability to:
·
|
incur
additional indebtedness on satisfactory terms or at
all;
|
·
|
incur
liens on our assets;
|
·
|
sell
our vessels or the capital stock of our
subsidiaries;
|
·
|
engage
in mergers or acquisitions;
|
·
|
pay
dividends (following an event of default or our breach of a covenant) in
the event we are able to resume dividend payments under the waiver of our
collateral maintenance covenant which is currently in
effect);
|
·
|
make
capital expenditures;
|
·
|
compete
effectively to the extent our competitors are subject to less onerous
financial restrictions; and
|
·
|
change
the management of our vessels or terminate or materially amend the
management agreement relating to any of our
vessels.
|
Therefore, we may need to seek
permission from our lenders in order to engage in some corporate
actions. Our lenders' interests may be different from ours, and we
cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain our lenders' permission when
needed. This may prevent us from taking actions that are in our best
interest and from executing our business strategy of growth through acquisitions
and may restrict or limit our ability to pay dividends and finance our future
operations.
We
currently maintain all of our cash with one financial institution, which
subjects us to credit risk.
We
currently maintain all of our cash with one financial
institution. None of our balances are covered by insurance in the
event of default by this financial institution. The occurrence of
such a default could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
If
we are unable to fund our capital expenditures, we may not be able to continue
to operate some of our vessels, which would have a material adverse effect on
our business and our ability to pay dividends.
In order to fund our capital
expenditures, we may be required to incur borrowings or raise capital through
the sale of debt or equity securities. Our ability to borrow money
and access the capital markets through future offerings may be limited by our
financial condition at the time of any such offering as well as by adverse
market conditions resulting from, among other things, general economic
conditions and contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our
control. Our failure to obtain the funds for necessary future capital
expenditures would limit our ability to continue to operate some of our vessels
and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations,
financial condition, cash flows and ability to pay dividends. Even if
we are successful in obtaining such funds through financings, the terms of such
financings could further limit our ability to pay dividends.
We
are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to
distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations or to make
dividend payments.
We are a holding company, and our
subsidiaries, which are all wholly owned by us, either directly or indirectly,
conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We
have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our wholly owned
subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to satisfy our financial
obligations and to pay dividends to our shareholders depends on the ability of
our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us. In turn, the ability of
our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us will be dependent on them
having profits available for distribution and, to the extent that we are unable
to obtain dividends from our subsidiaries, this will limit the discretion of our
board of directors to pay or recommend the payment of dividends.
Our
ability to obtain additional debt financing may depend on the performance of our
then existing charters and the creditworthiness of our charterers.
The actual or perceived credit quality
of our charterers, and any defaults by them, may materially affect our ability
to obtain the additional capital resources that may be required to purchase
additional vessels or may significantly increase our costs of obtaining such
capital. Our inability to obtain additional financing at all or at a
higher than anticipated cost may have a material adverse affect on our business,
results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends.
If
management is unable to continue to provide reports as to the effectiveness of
our internal control over financial reporting or our independent registered
public accounting firm is unable to continue to provide us
with unqualified attestation reports as to the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in
the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in
the value of our common stock.
Under Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to include in this and each of our
future annual reports on Form 10-K a report containing our management's
assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
and a related attestation of our independent registered public accounting
firm. If, in future annual reports on Form 10-K, our management
cannot provide a report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting or our independent registered public accounting firm is
unable to provide us with an unqualified attestation report as to the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as required by
Section 404, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial
statements, which could result in a decrease in the value of our common
stock.
If
we are unable to operate our financial and operations systems effectively or to
recruit suitable employees as we expand our fleet, our performance may be
adversely affected.
Our current financial and operating
systems may not be adequate as we implement our plan to expand the size of our
fleet, and our attempts to improve those systems may be
ineffective. In addition, as we expand our fleet, we will have to
rely on our outside technical managers to recruit suitable additional seafarers
and shore-based administrative and management personnel. We cannot
assure you that our outside technical managers will be able to continue to hire
suitable employees as we expand our fleet.
We
may be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and other employees
in the shipping industry, which may negatively affect the effectiveness of our
management and our results of operations.
Our success depends to a significant
extent upon the abilities and efforts of our management team and our ability to
hire and retain key members of our management team. The loss of any
of these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects and financial
condition. Difficulty in hiring and retaining personnel could have a
material adverse effect our business, results of operations, cash flows,
financial condition and ability to pay dividends. We do not intend to
maintain "key man" life insurance on any of our officers.
We may not have adequate insurance
to compensate us if we lose our vessels or to compensate third parties.
There are
a number of risks associated with the operation of ocean-going vessels,
including mechanical failure, collision, human error, war, terrorism, piracy,
property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political
circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor
strikes. Any of these events may result in loss of revenues,
increased costs and decreased cash flows. In addition, the operation
of any vessel is subject to the inherent possibility of marine disaster,
including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities
arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade.
We are
insured against tort claims and some contractual claims (including claims
related to environmental damage and pollution) through memberships in protection
and indemnity associations or clubs, or P&I Associations. As a
result of such membership, the P&I Associations provide us coverage for such
tort and contractual claims. We also carry hull and machinery
insurance and war risk insurance for our fleet. We insure our vessels
for third-party liability claims subject to and in accordance with the rules of
the P&I Associations in which the vessels are entered. We
currently maintain insurance against loss of hire, which covers business
interruptions that result in the loss of use of a vessel. We can give
no assurance that we will be adequately insured against all risks. We
may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage for our fleet in the
future. The insurers may not pay particular claims. Our
insurance policies contain deductibles for which we will be responsible and
limitations and exclusions which may increase our costs or lower our
revenue.
We cannot assure you that we will be
able to renew our insurance policies on the same or commercially reasonable
terms, or at all, in the future. For example, more stringent
environmental regulations have led in the past to increased costs for, and in
the future may result in the lack of availability of, protection and indemnity
insurance against risks of environmental damage or pollution. Any
uninsured or underinsured loss could harm our business, results of operations,
cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay dividends. In
addition, our insurance may be voidable by the insurers as a result of certain
of our actions, such as our ships failing to maintain certification with
applicable maritime self-regulatory organizations. Further, we cannot
assure you that our insurance policies will cover all losses that we incur, or
that disputes over insurance claims will not arise with our insurance
carriers. Any claims covered by insurance would be subject to
deductibles, and since it is possible that a large number of claims may be
brought, the aggregate amount of these deductibles could be
material. In addition, our insurance policies are subject to
limitations and exclusions, which may increase our costs or lower our revenues,
thereby possibly having a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to pay
dividends.
We are subject to funding calls by
our protection and indemnity associations, and our associations may not have
enough resources to cover claims made against them.
We are indemnified for legal
liabilities incurred while operating our vessels through membership in P&I
Associations. P&I Associations are mutual insurance associations
whose members must contribute to cover losses sustained by other association
members. The objective of a P&I Association is to provide mutual
insurance based on the aggregate tonnage of a member's vessels entered into the
association. Claims are paid through the aggregate premiums of all
members of the association, although members remain subject to calls for
additional funds if the aggregate premiums are insufficient to cover claims
submitted to the association. Claims submitted to the association may
include those incurred by members of the association, as well as claims
submitted to the association from other P&I Associations with which our
P&I Association has entered into interassociation agreements. We
cannot assure you that the P&I Associations to which we belong will remain
viable or that we will not become subject to additional funding calls which
could adversely affect us.
We
may have to pay U.S. tax on U.S. source income, which would reduce our net
income and cash flows.
If we do
not qualify for an exemption pursuant to Section 883 of the U.S. Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, which we refer to as Section 883,
then we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our shipping income that
is derived from U.S. sources. If we are subject to such tax, our net
income and cash flows would be reduced by the amount of such tax.
We will
qualify for exemption under Section 883 if, among other things, our stock is
treated as primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in
the United States. Under applicable Treasury regulations, we may not
satisfy this publicly traded requirement in any taxable year in which 50% or
more of our stock is owned for more than half the days in such year by persons
who actually or constructively own 5% or more of our stock, which we sometimes
refer to as 5% shareholders.
We
believe that, based on the ownership of our stock in 2008, we satisfied the
publicly traded requirement for 2008. However, if 5% shareholders
were to own more than 50% of our common stock for more than half the days of any
future taxable year, we may not be eligible to claim exemption from tax under
Section 883 for such taxable year. We can provide no assurance that
changes and shifts in the ownership of our stock by 5% shareholders will not
preclude us from qualifying for exemption from tax in 2009 or in future
years.
If we do
not qualify for the Section 883 exemption, our shipping income derived from U.S.
sources, or 50% of our gross shipping income attributable to transportation
beginning or ending in the United States, would be subject to a 4% tax without
allowance for deductions.
U.S.
tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company,” which
could have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S.
shareholders.
A foreign
corporation generally will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,”
which we sometimes refer to as a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes if
either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of
“passive income” or (2) at least 50% of its assets (averaged over the year and
generally determined based upon value) produce or are held for the production of
“passive income.” U.S. shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a
disadvantageous U.S. federal income tax regime with respect to distributions
they receive from the PFIC and gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other
disposition of their stock in the PFIC.
For
purposes of these tests, “passive income” generally includes dividends,
interest, gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and
royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated
parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business, as defined
in applicable Treasury regulations. For purposes of these tests,
income derived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive
income.” By
contrast,
rental income would generally constitute passive income unless we were treated
under specific rules as deriving our rental income in the active conduct of a
trade or business. We do not believe that our existing operations
would cause us to be deemed a PFIC with respect to any taxable
year. In this regard, we treat the gross income we derive or are
deemed to derive from our time and spot chartering activities as services
income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that (1)
our income from our time and spot chartering activities does not constitute
passive income and (2) the assets that we own and operate in connection with the
production of that income do not constitute passive assets.
There is,
however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our method of
operation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the U.S.
Internal Revenue Service, which we sometimes refer to as the IRS, or a court of
law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law
could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, because there are
uncertainties in the application of the PFIC rules, because the PFIC test is an
annual test, and because, although we intend to manage our business so as to
avoid PFIC status to the extent consistent with our other business goals, there
could be changes in the nature and extent of our operations in future years,
there can be no assurance that we will not become a PFIC in any taxable
year.
If we
were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year (and regardless of whether we
remain a PFIC for subsequent taxable years), our U.S. shareholders would face
adverse U.S. tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless a
shareholder makes certain elections available under the Code (which elections
could themselves have adverse consequences for such shareholder), such
shareholder would be liable to pay U.S. federal income tax at the highest
applicable income tax rates on ordinary income upon the receipt of excess
distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common stock, plus
interest on such amounts, as if such excess distribution or gain had been
recognized ratably over the shareholder’s holding period of our common
stock.
Because
we generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur a portion of our
expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuations could hurt our results
of operations.
We generate all of our revenues in U.S.
dollars, but we may incur drydocking costs and special survey fees in other
currencies. If our expenditures on such costs and fees were
significant, and the U.S. dollar were weak against such currencies, our
business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and ability to
pay dividends could be adversely affected.
RISK
FACTORS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK
Peter
Georgiopoulos owns a large portion of our outstanding common stock, which may
limit your ability to influence our actions.
As of March 2, 2009 Peter C.
Georgiopoulos, our Chairman, owned approximately 13.29% of our common stock
directly or through Fleet Acquisition LLC. As a result of this share
ownership and for so long as he owns a significant percentage of our outstanding
common stock, Mr. Georgiopoulos will be able to influence the outcome of any
shareholder vote, including the election of directors, the adoption or amendment
of provisions in our articles of incorporation or bylaws and possible mergers,
corporate control contests and other significant corporate
transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, merger, consolidation,
takeover or other business combination involving us. This
concentration of ownership could also discourage a potential acquirer from
making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, which
could in turn have an adverse effect on the market price of our common
stock.
Because
we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights or protections
that a stockholder in a United States corporation may have.
We are
incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body
of corporate law and may make it more difficult for our shareholders to protect
their interests. Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended
and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws and the Marshall Islands
Business Corporations Act, or BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble
provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United
States. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under
the law of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and
fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in
existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions and there have been few judicial cases
in the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. Shareholder rights
may differ as well. While the BCA does specifically incorporate the
non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other
states with substantially similar legislative provisions, our public
shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face
of actions by the management, directors or controlling shareholders than would
shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S.
jurisdiction. Therefore, you may have more difficulty in protecting
your interests as a stockholder in the face of actions by the management,
directors or controlling stockholders than would stockholders of a corporation
incorporated in a United States jurisdiction.
Provisions
of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws may have
anti-takeover effects which could adversely affect the market price of our
common stock.
Several
provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws,
which are summarized below, may have anti-takeover effects. These
provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, lessen our
vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of our
board of directors to maximize shareholder value in connection with any
unsolicited offer to acquire our company. However, these
anti-takeover provisions could also discourage, delay or prevent (1) the
merger or acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest
or otherwise that a shareholder may consider in its best interest and
(2) the removal of incumbent officers and directors.
Blank
Check Preferred Stock.
Under the terms of our amended and
restated articles of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority,
without any further vote or action by our shareholders, to authorize our
issuance of up to 25,000,000 shares of blank check preferred
stock. Our board of directors may issue shares of preferred stock on
terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our
company or the removal of our management.
Classified
Board of Directors.
Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation provide for the division of our board of directors into three
classes of directors, with each class as nearly equal in number as possible,
serving staggered, three-year terms beginning upon the expiration of the initial
term for each class. Approximately one-third of our board of
directors is elected each year. This classified board provision could
discourage a third party from making a tender offer for our shares or attempting
to obtain control of us. It could also delay shareholders who do not
agree with the policies of our board of directors from removing a majority of
our board of directors for up to two years.
Election
and Removal of Directors.
Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation prohibit cumulative voting in the election of
directors. Our bylaws require parties other than the board of
directors to give advance written notice of nominations for the election of
directors. Our articles of incorporation also provide that our
directors may be removed only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of
662/3%
of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote for those
directors or by a majority of the members of the board of directors then in
office. These provisions may discourage, delay or prevent the removal
of incumbent officers and directors.
Limited
Actions by Shareholders.
Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation and our bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be
taken by our shareholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of
shareholders or by the unanimous written consent of our
shareholders. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and
our bylaws provide that, subject to certain exceptions, our Chairman, President,
or Secretary at the direction of the board of directors may call special
meetings of our shareholders and the business transacted at the special meeting
is limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Advance
Notice Requirements for Shareholder Proposals and Director
Nominations.
Our bylaws provide that shareholders
seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring business
before an annual meeting of shareholders must provide timely notice of their
proposal in writing to the corporate secretary. Generally, to be
timely, a shareholder's notice must be received at our principal executive
offices not less than 150 days nor more than 180 days before the date
on which we first mailed our proxy materials for the preceding year's annual
meeting. Our bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and
content of a shareholder's notice. These provisions may impede
shareholder's ability to bring matters before an annual meeting of shareholders
or make nominations for directors at an annual meeting of
shareholders.
It
may not be possible for our investors to enforce U.S. judgments against
us.
We are incorporated in the Republic of
the Marshall Islands and most of our subsidiaries are also organized in the
Marshall Islands. Substantially all of our assets and those of our
subsidiaries are located outside the United States. As a result, it
may be difficult or impossible for United States stockholders to serve process
within the United States upon us or to enforce judgment upon us for civil
liabilities in United States courts. In addition, you should not
assume that courts in the countries in which we are incorporated or where our
assets are located (1) would enforce judgments of United States courts
obtained in actions against us based upon the civil liability provisions of
applicable United States federal and state securities laws or (2) would
enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us based upon these
laws.
Future
sales of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to
decline.
The
market price of our common stock could decline due to sales of a large number of
shares in the market, including sales of shares by our large shareholders, or
the perception that these sales could occur. These sales could also
make it more difficult or impossible for us to sell equity securities in the
future at a time and price that we deem appropriate to raise funds through
future offerings of common stock. We have entered into a registration
rights agreement with Fleet Acquisition LLC that entitles it to have all the
shares of our common stock that it owns registered for sale in the public market
under the Securities Act and, pursuant to the registration rights agreement,
registered Fleet Acquisition LLC’s shares on a registration statement on Form
S-3 in February 2007. We also registered on Form S-8 an aggregate of
2,000,000 shares issued or issuable under our equity compensation
plan.
Future
issuances of our common stock could dilute our shareholders’ interests in
our company.
We may,
from time to time, issue additional shares of common stock to support our growth
strategy, reduce debt or provide us with capital for other purposes that our
board of directors believes to be in our best interest. To the extent
that an existing shareholder does not purchase additional shares that we may
issue, that shareholder’s interest in our company will be diluted, which means
that its percentage of ownership in our company will be
reduced. Following such a reduction, that shareholder’s common stock
would represent a smaller percentage of the vote in our board of directors’
elections and other shareholder decisions. In addition, if additional
shares are issued, depending on the circumstances, our dividends per share could
be reduced.
ITEM
1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not
applicable.
ITEM
2. PROPERTIES
We do not own any real
property. In September 2005, we entered into a 15-year lease for
office space in New York, New York. The monthly rental is as
follows: Free rent from September 1, 2005 to July 31, 2006, forty
thousand dollars per month from August 1, 2006 to August 31, 2010, forty-three
thousand dollars per month from September 1, 2010 to August 31, 2015, and
forty-six thousand dollars per month from September 1, 2015 to August 31,
2020. The monthly straight-line rental expense from September 1, 2005
to August 31, 2020 is thirty-nine thousand dollars. We have the
option to extend the lease for a period of five years from September 1, 2020 to
August 31, 2025. The rent for the renewal period will be based on the
prevailing market rate for the six months prior to the commencement date of the
extension term.
Future
minimum rental payments on the above lease for the next five years and
thereafter are as follows: $0.5 million per year for 2009, $0.5
million for 2010, $0.5 million for 2011 through 2013 and a total of $3.6 million
for the remaining term of the lease.
For a
description of our vessels, see “Our Fleet” in Item 1, "Business” in this
report.
We
consider each of our significant properties to be suitable for its intended
use.
ITEM
3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The
Genco Cavalier, a 2007-built Supramax vessel, was on charter to Samsun Logix
Corporation, which the Company understands has filed for the equivalent of
bankruptcy protection in South Korea, otherwise referred to as a rehabilitation
application. Charter hire for the Genco Cavalier has been received up until
January 30, 2009. The Company is expecting the decision of the South Korean
courts regarding the acceptance or rejection of the rehabilitation application
to be made on or about March 6, 2009. The Company has commenced arbitration
proceedings in the United Kingdom for damages related to non-performance of
Samsun under the time charter agreement. As a result of the non-payment of hire,
the Company may seek to withdraw the vessel from this contract.
Except as
described above, we have not been involved in any legal proceedings which we
believe are likely to have, or have had a significant effect on our business,
financial position, results of operations or cash flows, nor are we aware of any
proceedings that are pending or threatened which we believe are likely to have a
significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or
liquidity. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings
and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and
property casualty claims. We expect that these claims would be
covered by insurance, subject to customary deductibles. Those claims,
even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial
and managerial resources.
ITEM
4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matter was submitted to a vote of
security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the
fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
PART
II
ITEM
5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
MARKET
INFORMATION, HOLDERS AND DIVIDENDS
Our common stock is traded on the New
York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “GNK.” Trading of our common
stock on the NYSE commenced April 11, 2007. Previously, our common stock
was traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol “GSTL” from our initial public
offering on July 22, 2005 through April 10, 2007. The following table
sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low prices for the common
stock as reported by the NYSE and NASDAQ:
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
HIGH
|
|
LOW
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
$
|
64.35
|
|
$
|
33.39
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
84.51
|
|
$
|
51.00
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
69.40
|
|
$
|
29.50
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
$
|
33.21
|
6
|
$
|
6.43
|
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
HIGH
|
|
LOW
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
$
|
33.49
|
|
$
|
27.29
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
42.47
|
|
$
|
30.65
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
68.97
|
|
$
|
40.82
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
$
|
78.08
|
|
$
|
50.54
|
As of December 31, 2008, there were
approximately 92 holders of record of our common stock.
During
October 2007, the Company closed on an equity offering of 3,358,209 shares of
Genco common stock (with the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment
option) at an offering price of $67 per share. The Company received
net proceeds of approximately $213.9 million after deducting underwriters’ fees
and expenses.
During
May 2008, the Company closed on an equity offering of 2,702,669 shares of Genco
common stock at an offering price of $75.47 per share. The Company
received net proceeds of approximately $195.4 million after deducting
underwriters’ fees and expenses.
Until
January 26, 2009, our dividend policy was to declare quarterly distributions to
shareholders, which commenced in November 2005, by each February, May, August
and November substantially equal to our available cash from operations during
the previous quarter, less cash expenses for that quarter (principally vessel
operating expenses and debt service) and any reserves our board of directors
determined we should maintain. These reserves covered, among other
things, drydocking, repairs, claims, liabilities and other obligations, interest
expense and debt amortization, acquisitions of additional assets and working
capital. Under the terms of an amendment to our 2007 Credit Facility
(discussed in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of “Management’s
Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in
this report), we have suspended payment of cash dividends indefinitely beginning
the quarter ended December 31, 2008. We will be able to reinstate our
cash dividends only when can represent to the lenders under our 2007 Credit
Facility that we are in a position to again satisfy the collateral maintenance
covenant of the 2007 Credit Facility. The following table summarizes
the dividends declared based on the results of the respective fiscal
quarter:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
$
|
— |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
1.00 |
|
|
10/23/08
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
1.00 |
|
|
7/24/08
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
$
|
1.00 |
|
|
4/29/08
|
|
FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
$
|
0.85 |
|
|
2/13/08
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
0.66 |
|
|
10/25/07
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
$
|
0.66 |
|
|
7/26/07
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
$
|
0.66 |
|
|
4/26/07
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EQUITY
COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The
following table provides information as of December 31, 2008 regarding the
number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2005 Equity
Incentive Plan, which is our sole equity compensation plan:
Plan
category
|
|
Number
of securities to
be
issued upon exercise
of
outstanding options,
warrants
and rights
(a)
|
|
|
Weighted-average
exercise
price
of outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights
(b)
|
|
|
Number
of securities
remaining
available for
future
issuance under
equity
compensation plans
(excluding
securities
reflected
in column (a))
(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
compensation
plans
approved
by
security
holders
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
1,329,900 |
|
Equity
compensation
plans
not approved
by
security
holders
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
1,329,900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refer to
the “Share Repurchase Program” section of Item 7 for a summary of the share
repurchases made during 2008 pursuant to the Share Repurchase
Program.
ITEM
6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
Financial
Data
|
|
|
|
For the years ended December
31,
|
|
|
For the period from
September
27, 2004
to
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005 (1)
|
|
|
2004
(1)
|
|
Income
Statement Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands except for share and per share
amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
$ 405,370 |
|
|
|
$185,387 |
|
|
|
$133,232 |
|
|
|
$116,906 |
|
|
|
$1,887 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Voyage
expenses
|
|
|
5,116 |
|
|
|
5,100 |
|
|
|
4,710 |
|
|
|
4,287 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
Vessel
operating expenses
|
|
|
47,130 |
|
|
|
27,622 |
|
|
|
20,903 |
|
|
|
15,135 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
17,027 |
|
|
|
12,610 |
|
|
|
8,882 |
|
|
|
4,937 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
Management
fees
|
|
|
2,787 |
|
|
|
1,654 |
|
|
|
1,439 |
|
|
|
1,479 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
71,395 |
|
|
|
34,378 |
|
|
|
26,978 |
|
|
|
22,322 |
|
|
|
421 |
|
Loss
on forfeiture of vessel deposits
|
|
|
53,765 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Gain
on sale of vessels
|
|
|
(26,227 |
) |
|
|
(27,047 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating
expenses
|
|
|
170,993 |
|
|
|
54,317 |
|
|
|
62,912 |
|
|
|
48,160 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
234,377 |
|
|
|
131,070 |
|
|
|
70,320 |
|
|
|
68,746 |
|
|
|
1,141 |
|
Other
(expense) income
|
|
|
(147,797 |
) |
|
|
(24,261 |
) |
|
|
(6,798 |
) |
|
|
(14,264 |
) |
|
|
(234 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
|
$86,580 |
|
|
|
$106,809 |
|
|
|
$63,522 |
|
|
|
$54,482 |
|
|
|
$907 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
per share - Basic
|
|
|
$2.86 |
|
|
|
$4.08 |
|
|
|
$2.51 |
|
|
|
$2.91 |
|
|
|
$0.07 |
|
Earnings
per share - Diluted
|
|
|
$2.84 |
|
|
|
$4.06 |
|
|
|
$2.51 |
|
|
|
$2.90 |
|
|
|
$0.07 |
|
Dividends
declared and paid per share
|
|
|
$3.85 |
|
|
|
$2.64 |
|
|
|
$2.40 |
|
|
|
$0.60 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Weighted
average common shares outstanding - Basic
|
|
|
30,290,016 |
|
|
|
26,165,600 |
|
|
|
25,278,726 |
|
|
|
18,751,726 |
|
|
|
13,500,000 |
|
Weighted
average common shares outstanding - Diluted
|
|
|
30,452,850 |
|
|
|
26,297,521 |
|
|
|
25,351,297 |
|
|
|
18,755,195 |
|
|
|
13,500,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands, at end of period)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
|
$124,956 |
|
|
|
$71,496 |
|
|
|
$73,554 |
|
|
|
$46,912 |
|
|
|
$7,431 |
|
Total
assets
|
|
|
1,990,006 |
|
|
|
1,653,272 |
|
|
|
578,262 |
|
|
|
489,958 |
|
|
|
201,628 |
|
Total
debt (current and long-term)
|
|
|
1,173,300 |
|
|
|
936,000 |
|
|
|
211,933 |
|
|
|
130,683 |
|
|
|
125,766 |
|
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
|
|
696,478 |
|
|
|
622,185 |
|
|
|
353,533 |
|
|
|
348,242 |
|
|
|
73,374 |
|
Other
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash flow provided by operating activities
|
|
|
$267,416 |
|
|
|
$120,862 |
|
|
|
$90,068 |
|
|
|
$88,230 |
|
|
|
$2,718 |
|
Net
cash flow used in investing activities
|
|
|
(514,288 |
) |
|
|
(984,350 |
) |
|
|
(82,840 |
) |
|
|
(268,072 |
) |
|
|
(189,414 |
) |
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
300,332 |
|
|
|
861,430 |
|
|
|
19,414 |
|
|
|
219,323 |
|
|
|
194,127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
(2)
|
|
|
$208,807 |
|
|
|
$164,183 |
|
|
|
$97,406 |
|
|
|
$91,068 |
|
|
|
$1,562 |
|
(1)
|
On
July 18, 2005, prior to the closing of the public offering of our common
stock, our board of directors and stockholder approved a split (in the
form of a stock dividend, giving effect to a 27,000:1 common stock split)
of our common stock. All share and per share amounts relating
to common stock, included in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements and footnotes, have been restated to reflect the stock split
for all periods presented.
|
(2)
|
EBITDA
represents net income plus net interest expense and depreciation and
amortization. EBITDA is included because it is used by
management and certain investors as a measure of operating performance.
EBITDA is used by analysts in the shipping industry as a common
performance measure to compare results across peers. Our
management uses EBITDA as a performance measure in our consolidating
internal financial statements, and it is presented for review at our board
meetings. The Company believes that EBITDA is useful to
investors as the shipping industry is capital intensive which often
results in significant depreciation and cost of
financing. EBITDA presents investors with a measure in addition
to net income to evaluate the Company’s performance prior to these
costs. EBITDA is not an item recognized by U.S. GAAP and should
not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income or any
other indicator of a company’s operating performance required by U.S.
GAAP. EBITDA is not a source of liquidity or cash flows as
shown in our consolidated statement of cash flows. The
definition of EBITDA used here may not be comparable to that used by other
companies. The following table demonstrates our calculation of
EBITDA and provides a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income for each of
the periods presented above:
|
|
|
For the years ended December
31,
|
|
|
For
the period
from
September 27, 2004 to
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands except for per share amounts)
|
|
Net
income
|
|
|
$86,580 |
|
|
|
$106,809 |
|
|
|
$63,522 |
|
|
|
$54,482 |
|
|
|
$907 |
|
Net
interest expense
|
|
|
50,832 |
|
|
|
22,996 |
|
|
|
6,906 |
|
|
|
14,264 |
|
|
|
234 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
71,395 |
|
|
|
34,378 |
|
|
|
26,978 |
|
|
|
22,322 |
|
|
|
421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
|
|
|
$208,807 |
|
|
|
$164,183 |
|
|
|
$97,406 |
|
|
|
$91,068 |
|
|
|
$1,562 |
|
ITEM
7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We are a
Marshall Islands company incorporated in September 2004 to transport iron
ore, coal, grain, steel products and other drybulk cargoes along worldwide
shipping routes through the ownership and operation of drybulk carrier
vessels. As of February 26, 2009, our fleet consisted of
six Capesize, eight Panamax, four Supramax, six Handymax and eight Handysize
drybulk carriers, with an aggregate carrying capacity of approximately 2,396,500
dwt, and the average age of our fleet was approximately 6.5 years at December
31, 2008, as compared to the average age for the world fleet of approximately 15
years for the drybulk shipping segments in which we compete. Most of
the vessels in our fleet are on time charters to well known charterers,
including Lauritzen Bulkers, Cargill, NYK Europe, Pacbasin, STX, Cosco, and
HMMC. As of February 26, 2009, 29 of the 32 vessels in our fleet are
presently engaged under time charter contracts that expire (assuming the option
periods in the time charters are not exercised) between March 2009 and October
2012,
and three
of our vessels are currently operating in vessel pools. See
page 6 for a table indicated the delivery dates of all vessels currently in
our fleet.
We intend
to acquire additional modern, high-quality drybulk carriers through timely and
selective acquisitions of vessels in a manner that is accretive to our cash
flow. We expect to fund acquisitions of additional vessels using cash
reserves set aside for this purpose, additional borrowings and may consider
additional debt and equity financing alternatives from time to
time.
Our
management team and our other employees are responsible for the commercial and
strategic management of our fleet. Commercial management includes the
negotiation of charters for vessels, managing the mix of various types of
charters, such as time charters and voyage charters, and monitoring the
performance of our vessels under their charters. Strategic management
includes locating, purchasing, financing and selling vessels. We
currently contract with three independent technical managers, to provide
technical management of our fleet at a lower cost than we believe would be
possible in-house. Technical management involves the day-to-day
management of vessels, including performing routine maintenance, attending to
vessel operations and arranging for crews and supplies. Members of
our New York City-based management team oversee the activities of our
independent technical managers.
The Genco
Cavalier, a 2007-built Supramax vessel, was on charter to Samsun Logix
Corporation, which the Company understands has filed for the equivalent of
bankruptcy protection in South Korea, otherwise referred to as a rehabilitation
application. Charter hire for the Genco Cavalier has been received up until
January 30, 2009. The Company is expecting the decision of the South Korean
courts regarding the acceptance or rejection of the rehabilitation application
to be made on or about March 6, 2009. The Company has commenced arbitration
proceedings in the United Kingdom for damages related to non-performance of
Samsun under the time charter agreement. As a result of the non-payment of hire,
the Company may seek to withdraw the vessel from this contract. Also,
on February 8, 2009, while the vessel was at safe anchorage in Singapore, it was
involved in a minor collision caused by another vessel in its vicinity. No
injuries or pollution from either vessel have been reported, but we expect the
vessel will incur approximately 14 days of offhire for repairs arising from the
event. The Company is in the process of filing a claim for the full amount of
the damages as well as any offhire time related to the collision against the
other vessel’s owner.
Year
ended December 31, 2008 compared to the year ended December 31,
2007
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We
believe that the following table reflects important measures for analyzing
trends in our results of operations. The table reflects our ownership
days, available days, operating days, fleet utilization, TCE rates and daily
vessel operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008 and
2007.
|
For the
years ended December 31,
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
%
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ownership
days (1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
1,781.6 |
|
|
403.5 |
|
|
1,378.1 |
|
|
341.5 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
2,541.3 |
|
|
2,555.0 |
|
|
(13.7 |
) |
|
(0.5 |
%) |
Supramax
|
|
1,265.5 |
|
|
37.3 |
|
|
1,228.2 |
|
|
3,292.8 |
% |
Handymax
|
|
2,196.0 |
|
|
2,578.3 |
|
|
(382.3 |
) |
|
(14.8 |
%) |
Handysize
|
|
2,926.4 |
|
|
1,860.0 |
|
|
1,066.4 |
|
|
57.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
10,710.8 |
|
|
7,434.1 |
|
|
3,276.7 |
|
|
44.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available
days (2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
1,780.8 |
|
|
396.8 |
|
|
1,384.0 |
|
|
348.8 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
2,478.5 |
|
|
2,535.5 |
|
|
(57.0 |
) |
|
(2.2 |
%) |
Supramax
|
|
1,263.6 |
|
|
32.0 |
|
|
1,231.6 |
|
|
3,848.8 |
% |
Handymax
|
|
2,196.0 |
|
|
2,502.5 |
|
|
(306.5 |
) |
|
(12.2 |
%) |
Handysize
|
|
2,863.0 |
|
|
1,847.2 |
|
|
1,015.8 |
|
|
55.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
10,581.9 |
|
|
7,314.0 |
|
|
3,267.9 |
|
|
44.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
days (3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
1,780.5 |
|
|
396.8 |
|
|
1,383.7 |
|
|
348.7 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
2,425.8 |
|
|
2,473.5 |
|
|
(47.7 |
) |
|
(1.9 |
%) |
Supramax
|
|
1,215.7 |
|
|
32.0 |
|
|
1,183.7 |
|
|
3,699.1 |
% |
Handymax
|
|
2,180.8 |
|
|
2,483.7 |
|
|
(302.9 |
) |
|
(12.2 |
%) |
Handysize
|
|
2,857.9 |
|
|
1,833.8 |
|
|
1,024.1 |
|
|
55.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
10,460.7 |
|
|
7,219.9 |
|
|
3,240.8 |
|
|
44.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet utilization
(4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
100.0 |
% |
|
0.0 |
% |
|
0.0 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
97.9 |
% |
|
97.6 |
% |
|
0.3 |
% |
|
0.3 |
% |
Supramax
|
|
96.2 |
% |
|
100.0 |
% |
|
(3.8 |
%) |
|
(3.8 |
%) |
Handymax
|
|
99.3 |
% |
|
99.3 |
% |
|
0.0 |
% |
|
0.0 |
% |
Handysize
|
|
99.8 |
% |
|
99.3 |
% |
|
0.5 |
% |
|
0.5 |
% |
Fleet average
|
|
98.9 |
% |
|
98.7 |
% |
|
0.2 |
% |
|
0.2 |
% |
|
|
For the years ended December
31,
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
|
%
Change
|
|
(U.S.
dollars)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
Daily Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time
Charter Equivalent (5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
|
$69,922 |
|
|
|
$68,377 |
|
|
|
$1,545 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
|
34,194 |
|
|
|
26,952 |
|
|
|
7,242 |
|
|
|
26.9 |
% |
Supramax
|
|
|
46,881 |
|
|
|
44,959 |
|
|
|
1,922 |
|
|
|
4.3 |
% |
Handymax
|
|
|
33,875 |
|
|
|
22,221 |
|
|
|
11,654 |
|
|
|
52.4 |
% |
Handysize
|
|
|
20,035 |
|
|
|
15,034 |
|
|
|
5,001 |
|
|
|
33.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet
average
|
|
|
37,824 |
|
|
|
24,650 |
|
|
|
13,174 |
|
|
|
53.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daily
vessel operating expenses (6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capesize
|
|
|
$4,822 |
|
|
|
$4,190 |
|
|
|
$632 |
|
|
|
15.1 |
% |
Panamax
|
|
|
4,641 |
|
|
|
4,261 |
|
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
8.9 |
% |
Supramax
|
|
|
4,629 |
|
|
|
4,334 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
% |
Handymax
|
|
|
4,380 |
|
|
|
3,395 |
|
|
|
985 |
|
|
|
29.0 |
% |
Handysize
|
|
|
3,851 |
|
|
|
3,295 |
|
|
|
556 |
|
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet
average
|
|
|
4,400 |
|
|
|
3,716 |
|
|
|
684 |
|
|
|
18.4 |
% |
(1) We
define ownership days as the aggregate number of days in a period during which
each vessel in our fleet has been owned by us. Ownership days are an
indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and affect both the amount of
revenues and the amount of expenses that we record during a period.
(2) We
define available days as the number of our ownership days less the aggregate
number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to scheduled repairs or repairs
under guarantee, vessel upgrades or special surveys and the aggregate amount of
time that we spend positioning our vessels. Companies in the shipping
industry generally use available days to measure the number of days in a period
during which vessels should be capable of generating revenues.
(3) We
define operating days as the number of our available days in a period less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to unforeseen
circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating days to measure
the aggregate number of days in a period during which vessels actually generate
revenues.
(4) We
calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our operating days during
a period by the number of our available days during the period. The
shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a company’s efficiency in
finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the number of days
that its vessels are off-hire for reasons other than scheduled repairs or
repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades, special surveys or vessel
positioning.
(5) We
define TCE rates as net voyage revenue (voyage revenues less voyage expenses)
divided by the number of our available days during the period, which is
consistent with industry standards. TCE rate is a common shipping
industry performance measure used primarily to compare daily earnings generated
by vessels on time charters with daily earnings generated by vessels on voyage
charters, because charterhire rates for vessels on voyage charters are generally
not expressed in per-day amounts while charterhire rates for vessels on time
charters generally are expressed in such amounts.
|
|
For the years ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Income statement data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Voyage
revenues
|
|
|
$405,370 |
|
|
|
$185,387 |
|
Voyage
expenses
|
|
|
5,116 |
|
|
|
5,100 |
|
Net
voyage revenue
|
|
|
$400,254 |
|
|
|
$180,287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6) We
define daily vessel operating expenses to include crew wages and related costs,
the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance (excluding
drydocking), the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other
miscellaneous expenses. Daily vessel operating expenses are
calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the
relevant period.
The
following compares our operating income and net income for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007.
|
|
For the years ended December
31,
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
(Decrease)
|
|
|
%
Change
|
|
Income
Statement Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands except for per share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
$405,370 |
|
|
|
$185,387 |
|
|
|
219,983 |
|
|
|
118.7% |
|
Operating
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Voyage
expenses
|
|
|
5,116 |
|
|
|
5,100 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
0.3% |
|
Vessel
operating expenses
|
|
|
47,130 |
|
|
|
27,622 |
|
|
|
19,508 |
|
|
|
70.6% |
|
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
17,027 |
|
|
|
12,610 |
|
|
|
4,417 |
|
|
|
35.0% |
|
Management
fees
|
|
|
2,787 |
|
|
|
1,654 |
|
|
|
1,133 |
|
|
|
68.5% |
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
71,395 |
|
|
|
34,378 |
|
|
|
37,017 |
|
|
|
107.7% |
|
Loss
on forfeiture of vessel deposits
|
|
|
53,765 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
53,765 |
|
|
|
100.0% |
|
Gain
on sale of vessels
|
|
|
(26,227 |
) |
|
|
(27,047 |
) |
|
|
820 |
|
|
|
(3.0%) |
|
Total operating
expenses
|
|
|
170,993 |
|
|
|
54,317 |
|
|
|