Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
 
Commission file number 1-16455
Reliant Energy, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
     
Delaware   76-0655566
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or
Organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1000 Main Street
Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(713) 497-3000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of April 25, 2008, the latest practicable date for determination, Reliant Energy, Inc. had 346,040,182 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of treasury stock.
 
 

 

 


 

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 Exhibit 2.1
 Exhibit 10.1
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that contain projections, assumptions or estimates about our revenues, income, capital structure and other financial items, our plans and objectives for future operations or about our future economic performance, transactions and dispositions and financings and approvals related thereto. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and other similar words. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors or events, including, but not limited to, the following:
    Demand and market prices for electricity, purchased power and fuel and emission allowances;
    Limitations on our ability to set rates at market prices;
    Legislative, regulatory and/or market developments;
    Our ability to obtain adequate fuel supply and/or transmission and distribution services;
    Interruption or breakdown of our generating equipment and processes;
    Failure of third parties to perform contractual obligations;
    Changes in environmental regulations that constrain our operations or increase our compliance costs;
    Failure by transmission system operators to communicate operating and system information properly and timely;
    Failure to meet our debt service, collateral postings and obligations related to our credit-enhanced retail structure;
    Ineffective hedging and other risk management activities;
    Changes in the wholesale energy market or in our evaluation of our generation assets;
    The outcome of pending or threatened lawsuits, regulatory proceedings, tax proceedings and investigations;
    Weather-related events or other events beyond our control;
    The timing and extent of changes in commodity prices and interest rates;
    Our ability to attract and retain retail customers and to adequately forecast their energy needs and usage; and
    Financial market conditions and our access to capital.
Other factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results are discussed or referred to in the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (thousands of dollars,  
    except per share amounts)  
Revenues:
               
Revenues (including $(12,584) and $14,570 unrealized gains (losses)) (including $107,409 and $0 from affiliates)
  $ 2,815,424     $ 2,362,601  
 
           
Expenses:
               
Cost of sales (including $570,883 and $507,659 unrealized gains) (including $78,996 and $0 from affiliates)
    1,751,672       1,443,491  
Operation and maintenance
    212,478       230,741  
Selling, general and administrative
    75,650       87,597  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34,000       22,000  
Gains on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
    (611 )      
Depreciation and amortization
    88,594       91,969  
 
           
Total operating expense
    2,161,783       1,875,798  
 
           
Operating Income
    653,641       486,803  
 
           
Other Income (Expense):
               
Income of equity investment, net
    207       1,160  
Debt extinguishments
    (423 )      
Other, net
    (64 )     1,068  
Interest expense
    (63,101 )     (87,070 )
Interest income
    9,504       10,464  
 
           
Total other expense
    (53,877 )     (74,378 )
 
           
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
    599,764       412,425  
Income tax expense
    228,787       152,062  
 
           
Income from Continuing Operations
    370,977       260,363  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    6,235       (1,652 )
 
           
Net Income
  $ 377,212     $ 258,711  
 
           
 
               
Basic Earnings per Share:
               
Income from continuing operations
  $ 1.07     $ 0.77  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    0.02       (0.01 )
 
           
Net income
  $ 1.09     $ 0.76  
 
           
 
               
Diluted Earnings per Share:
               
Income from continuing operations
  $ 1.05     $ 0.75  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    0.02       (0.01 )
 
           
Net income
  $ 1.07     $ 0.74  
 
           
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
                 
    March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)  
ASSETS
               
Current Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 964,780     $ 754,962  
Restricted cash
    4,938       3,251  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net of allowance of $27,118 and $36,724
    982,690       1,082,746  
Inventory
    258,146       285,408  
Derivative assets
    2,096,201       663,049  
Margin deposits
    130,880       139,834  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    89,405       83,253  
Prepayments and other current assets
    128,538       218,873  
Current assets of discontinued operations
    6,235       2,133  
 
           
Total current assets
    4,661,813       3,233,509  
 
           
Property, plant and equipment, gross
    6,899,925       6,852,170  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,695,217 )     (1,629,953 )
 
           
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
    5,204,708       5,222,217  
 
           
Other Assets:
               
Goodwill, net
    379,644       379,644  
Other intangibles, net
    394,455       405,338  
Derivative assets
    584,837       376,535  
Prepaid lease
    277,246       270,133  
Other
    277,589       304,424  
 
           
Total other assets
    1,913,771       1,736,074  
 
           
Total Assets
  $ 11,780,292     $ 10,191,800  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
               
Current Liabilities:
               
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $ 11,668     $ 52,546  
Accounts payable, principally trade
    713,323       687,046  
Derivative liabilities
    1,752,840       885,346  
Margin deposits
    500       250  
Other
    490,293       426,839  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    2,968,624       2,052,027  
 
           
 
               
Other Liabilities:
               
Derivative liabilities
    665,652       473,516  
Other
    368,711       278,641  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
    4,000       3,542  
 
           
Total other liabilities
    1,038,363       755,699  
 
           
Long-term Debt
    2,895,429       2,902,346  
 
           
Commitments and Contingencies
               
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    6,068       4,694  
 
           
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Preferred stock; par value $0.001 per share (125,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding)
           
Common stock; par value $0.001 per share (2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 345,606,056 and 344,579,508 issued)
    107       106  
Additional paid-in capital
    6,222,618       6,215,512  
Accumulated deficit
    (1,258,314 )     (1,635,526 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (92,603 )     (103,058 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    4,871,808       4,477,034  
 
           
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 11,780,292     $ 10,191,800  
 
           
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (thousands of dollars)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
               
Net income
  $ 377,212     $ 258,711  
(Income) loss from discontinued operations
    (6,235 )     1,652  
 
           
Net income from continuing operations and cumulative effect of accounting change
    370,977       260,363  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    88,594       91,969  
Deferred income taxes
    214,681       147,422  
Net changes in energy derivatives
    (547,565 )     (508,770 )
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    2,638       3,666  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34,000        
Other, net
    789       5,643  
Changes in other assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts and notes receivable, net
    78,660       45,811  
Changes in notes with affiliate
    (6,152 )      
Inventory
    27,262       22,263  
Margin deposits, net
    9,204       86,379  
Net derivative assets and liabilities
    (17,533 )     (19,944 )
Western states litigation and similar settlements payments
          (35,000 )
Accounts payable
    28,743       24,385  
Other current assets
    (12,552 )     (4,741 )
Other assets
    (2,234 )     (11,974 )
Taxes payable/receivable
    36,449       4,790  
Other current liabilities
    (5,490 )     (82,471 )
Other liabilities
    1,826       5,691  
 
           
Net cash provided by continuing operations from operating activities
    302,297       35,482  
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations from operating activities
    1,757       (1,664 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    304,054       33,818  
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
               
Capital expenditures
    (49,644 )     (42,167 )
Proceeds from sales of emission allowances
    1,717       1  
Purchases of emission allowances
    (4,073 )     (990 )
Restricted cash
    (1,687 )     14,142  
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (53,687 )     (29,014 )
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
               
Payments of long-term debt
    (45,193 )     (3,466 )
Increase in short-term borrowings and revolving credit facilities, net
          6,554  
Payments of financing costs
          (440 )
Payments of debt extinguishments expenses
    (423 )      
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    5,067       16,685  
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (40,549 )     19,333  
 
           
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    209,818       24,137  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    754,962       463,909  
 
           
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 964,780     $ 488,046  
 
           
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
               
Cash Payments:
               
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) for continuing operations
  $ 8,623     $ 74,845  
(Income tax refunds) net of income taxes paid for continuing operations
    (22,343 )     (150 )
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Background and Basis of Presentation
(a) Background.
“Reliant Energy” refers to Reliant Energy, Inc. and “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Reliant Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our business consists primarily of two business segments, retail energy and wholesale energy. See note 13. Our consolidated interim financial statements and notes (interim financial statements) are unaudited, omit certain disclosures and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes in our Form 10-K.
(b) Basis of Presentation.
Estimates. Management makes estimates and assumptions to prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) that affect:
    the reported amount of assets, liabilities and equity,
 
    the reported amounts of revenues and expenses and
 
    our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements.
Adjustments and Reclassifications. The interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in management’s opinion, to present fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods, however, may not be indicative of a full year period due to seasonal fluctuations in demand for electricity and energy services, changes in commodity prices, changes in our retail revenue rates and changes in regulations, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, dispositions, changes in interest expense and other factors. We have changed the presentation of our December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet due to the adoption of FSP FIN 39-1, an amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 (FIN 39-1). See below.
Deconsolidation of Channelview. On August 20, 2007, four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Reliant Energy Channelview LP (Channelview LP), Reliant Energy Channelview (Texas) LLC, Reliant Energy Channelview (Delaware) LLC and Reliant Energy Services Channelview LLC (collectively, Channelview), filed for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. As Channelview is currently subject to the supervision of the bankruptcy court, we deconsolidated Channelview’s financial results beginning August 20, 2007 and began reporting our investment in Channelview using the cost method.
Since Channelview’s results are no longer consolidated, any adjustments reflected in Channelview’s financial statements subsequent to August 19, 2007 (relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities or the effects on existing equity, as well as adjustments made to Channelview’s financial information for loss contingencies and other matters), are not expected to directly impact our consolidated financial results.
We will reevaluate the accounting treatment of our investment in Channelview (as a cost method investment) when Channelview’s bankruptcies are resolved or other factors, if any, indicate a change in control of Channelview. See note 14 for further discussion of Channelview and the related bankruptcy filings.
Gross Receipts Taxes. We record gross receipts taxes for our retail energy segment on a gross basis in revenues and operations and maintenance in our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, our retail energy segment’s revenues and operation and maintenance include gross receipts taxes of $21 million.
New Accounting Pronouncement Adopted — Offsetting of Amounts. FIN 39-1 was applicable for us beginning January 1, 2008. This interpretation allows either (a) offsetting assets and liabilities for derivative instruments under a common master netting arrangement only if the fair value amounts recognized for any related cash collateral are also offset or (b) presenting these amounts gross.

 

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Effective January 1, 2008, we discontinued netting our derivative assets and liabilities and present them on a gross basis. Cash collateral amounts remain presented on a gross basis. This change has significantly increased our derivative assets and liabilities retrospectively for all financial statements presented and is accounted for as a change in accounting principle.
The effect to our December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet was as follows: (Note — only line items impacted are shown.)
                 
    December 31, 2007  
    As Previously     Upon Adoption  
    Reported     of FIN 39-1  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Current derivative assets
  $ 214     $ 663  
Total current assets
    2,784       3,233  
Noncurrent derivative assets
    90       376  
Total other assets
    1,450       1,736  
Total assets
    9,457       10,192  
 
               
Current derivative liabilities
    437       885  
Total current liabilities
    1,602       2,050  
Noncurrent derivative liabilities
    187       474  
Total other liabilities
    470       757  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
    9,457       10,192  
New Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted — Disclosures about Derivatives and Hedging Activities. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (SFAS No. 161) is an amendment of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and is intended to enhance the related disclosures. SFAS No. 161 must be adopted by January 1, 2009.
(2) Stock-based Compensation
Our compensation expense for our stock-based incentive plans was:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
Stock-based incentive plans compensation expense (pre-tax)
  $ 4     $ 7  
 
           
During February 2008, the compensation committee of our board of directors granted stock-based compensation awards to 47 of our officers under the Reliant Energy, Inc. 2002 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The committee granted 461,824 time-based stock options (exercise price of $23.38 per share, which vest in three equal installments during February 2009, 2010 and 2011), 215,527 time-based restricted stock units (which vest during February 2011) and 371,586 market-based cash units (each payable into a cash amount equal to the market value of one share of our common stock if our common stock closes at $32 or higher for 20 consecutive trading days before February 19, 2011). In addition, during February 2008, the committee granted 95,574 time-based restricted stock units and 95,574 time-based cash units to other employees under the Reliant Energy, Inc. 2002 Stock Plan. These awards will vest during February 2011.
No tax benefits related to stock-based compensation were realized during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 due to our net operating loss carryforwards.

 

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(3) Fair Value Measurements
Summary. Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157) on a prospective basis for our derivative assets and liabilities. In connection with the adoption, no cumulative effect of an accounting change was recognized. For non-financial assets and liabilities, the adoption of SFAS No. 157 has been deferred until January 1, 2009.
Fair Value Hierarchy and Valuation Techniques. We apply recurring fair value measurements to our derivative assets and liabilities. In determining fair value, we generally use the market approach and incorporate assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation techniques. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable internally-developed inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in our valuation techniques, our derivative assets and liabilities are classified as follows:
Level 1:   Level 1 represents unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. This category includes our energy derivative instruments that are exchange-traded or that are cleared and settled through the exchange.
Level 2:   Level 2 represents adjusted quoted market prices in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. This category includes emission allowances futures that are exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments such as generic swaps and forwards.
Level 3:   This category includes our energy derivative instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models and methodologies utilizing significant inputs that are generally less readily observable from objective sources (such as market heat rates, implied volatilities and correlations). Our OTC, complex or structured derivative instruments that are transacted in less liquid markets with limited pricing information are included in Level 3. Examples are structured power supply contracts, coal contracts, longer term natural gas contracts and options.
We value some of our OTC, complex or structured derivative instruments using valuation models, which utilize inputs that may not be corroborated by market data. When such inputs are significant to the fair value measurement, the derivative assets or liabilities are classified as Level 3. We believe the transaction price is the best estimate of fair value at inception when we do not have corroborating market evidence to support significant valuation model inputs and cannot verify the model to market transactions. Accordingly, when a pricing model is used to value such an instrument, the resulting value is adjusted so the model value at inception equals the transaction price. Valuation models are typically impacted by Level 1 or Level 2 inputs that can be observed in the market, as well as unobservable Level 3 inputs. Subsequent to initial recognition, we update Level 1 and Level 2 inputs to reflect observable market changes. Level 3 inputs are updated when corroborated by available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments. Fair value measurements of our derivative assets and liabilities are as follows:
                                         
    March 31, 2008  
                                    Total  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Reclassifications(1)     Fair Value  
                    (in millions)                
 
Total derivative assets
  $ 480     $ 1,769     $ 485     $ (52 )   $ 2,682  
Total derivative liabilities
    577       1,735       159       (52 )     2,419  
 
     
(1)   Reclassifications are required to reconcile to FIN 39-1 consolidated balance sheet presentation.

 

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The following is a reconciliation of changes in fair value of net derivative assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:
         
    Three Months Ended  
    March 31, 2008  
    Net Derivatives  
    (in millions)  
 
Balance, January 1, 2008
  $ 121  
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
       
Included in earnings
    204 (1)
Purchases, issuances and settlements (net)
    5  
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 (net)(2)
    (4 )
 
     
Balance, March 31, 2008
  $ 326  
 
     
 
       
Changes in unrealized gains/losses relating to derivative assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2008
    192 (3)
 
     
(1)   Recorded in revenues and cost of sales.
 
(2)   Represents fair value as of December 31, 2007.
 
(3)   Includes $2 million recorded in revenues and $190 million recorded in cost of sales.
See notes 2(d) and 5 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K for additional information about our derivatives.
(4) Comprehensive Income
The components of total comprehensive income are:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
Net income
  $ 377     $ 259  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
               
Deferred income from cash flow hedges
          3  
Reclassification of net deferred loss from cash flow hedges realized in net income
    10       25  
 
           
Comprehensive income
  $ 387     $ 287  
 
           
(5) Goodwill
2008 Annual Goodwill Impairment Tests. We are in the process of performing our annual goodwill impairment tests for our wholesale energy and retail energy reporting units effective April 1, 2008.
Estimation of Our Wholesale Energy Reporting Unit’s Fair Value. We anticipate using substantially the same subjective factors and significant assumptions to estimate fair value in our 2008 test as we used in our April 2007 test. See note 4(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.

 

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(6) Derivative Instruments
For discussion of our derivative activities, see notes 2(d) and 5 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K. The income (loss) of our energy and interest rate derivative instruments is:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Energy derivatives:
               
Hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses)
  $ (1 )(1)   $ 3 (1)
Other net unrealized gains
    559       519  
Interest rate derivatives:
               
Other net unrealized losses
          (3 )
 
           
Total(2)(3)
  $ 558     $ 519  
 
           
 
     
(1)   During 2007, we de-designated our remaining cash flow hedges; the amount reflected here subsequent to that time relates to previously measured ineffectiveness reversing due to settlement of the derivative contracts.
 
(2)   No component of the derivatives’ gain or loss was excluded from the assessment of effectiveness.
 
(3)   During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, $0 was recognized in our results of operations as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because it was probable that the forecasted transaction would not occur.
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
                 
    March 31, 2008  
            Expected to be  
            Reclassified into  
            Results of Operations  
    At the End of the Period     in Next 12 Months  
    (in millions)  
 
               
De-designated cash flow hedges
  $ 70     $ 26  
 
           
Although we discontinued our proprietary trading business in March 2003, we have legacy positions, which will be closed as economically feasible or in accordance with their terms. The income (loss) associated with these transactions is:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Revenues
  $     $  
Cost of sales
    (4 )      
 
           
Total
  $ (4 )   $  
 
           

 

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(7) Debt
Our outstanding debt:
                                                 
    March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    Weighted                     Weighted              
    Average                     Average              
    Stated                     Stated              
    Interest                     Interest              
    Rate(1)     Long-term     Current     Rate(1)     Long-term     Current  
    (in millions, except interest rates)  
Facilities, Bonds and Notes:
                                               
Reliant Energy:
                                               
Senior secured revolver due 2012
    4.44 %   $     $       6.45 %   $     $  
Senior secured notes due 2014(2)
    6.75       667             6.75       671       41  
Senior unsecured notes due 2013
    9.50       13             9.50       13        
Senior unsecured notes due 2014
    7.625       575             7.625       575        
Senior unsecured notes due 2017
    7.875       725             7.875       725        
Convertible senior subordinated notes due 2010 (unsecured)(3)
    5.00       2             5.00       2        
Subsidiary Obligations:
                                               
Orion Power Holdings, Inc. senior notes due 2010 (unsecured)
    12.00       400             12.00       400        
Reliant Energy Seward, LLC PEDFA(4) fixed-rate bonds due 2036
    6.75       500             6.75       500        
Reliant Energy Power Supply, LLC working capital facility due 2012
    3.16                   5.30              
 
                                       
Total facilities, bonds and notes
            2,882                     2,886       41  
 
                                       
Other:
                                               
Adjustment to fair value of debt(5)
            13       12               17       11  
 
                                       
Total other debt
            13       12               17       11  
 
                                       
Total debt
          $ 2,895     $ 12             $ 2,903     $ 52  
 
                                       
 
     
(1)   The weighted average stated interest rates are as of March 31, 2008 or December 31, 2007.
 
(2)   We repurchased $45 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and incurred an insignificant amount of debt extinguishment expenses.
 
(3)   In April 2008, nearly all of these outstanding notes were converted to common stock.
 
(4)   PEDFA is the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority.
 
(5)   Debt acquired in the Orion Power acquisition was adjusted to fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in interest expense is amortization of $3 million for valuation adjustments for debt during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
Amounts borrowed and available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreements as of March 31, 2008 are:
                                 
    Total Committed     Drawn     Letters     Unused  
    Credit     Amount     of Credit     Amount  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Reliant Energy senior secured revolver due 2012
  $ 500     $     $ 186     $ 314  
Reliant Energy letter of credit facility due 2014
    250             244       6  
Retail working capital facility due 2012
    300                   300  
 
                       
 
  $ 1,050     $     $ 430     $ 620  
 
                       

 

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(8) Earnings Per Share
Reconciliations of the amounts used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share computations are:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Income from continuing operations (basic)
  $ 371     $ 260  
Plus: Interest expense on 5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes, net of tax
    (1)     (1)
 
           
Income from continuing operations (diluted)
  $ 371     $ 260  
 
           
 
     
(1)   In December 2006, we converted 99.2% of our convertible senior subordinated notes to common stock.
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (shares in thousands)  
 
               
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Calculation:
               
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)
    345,419       339,345  
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversions:
               
Stock options
    4,252       4,698  
Restricted stock
    543       478  
Employee stock purchase plan
          20  
5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes
    212       219  
Warrants
    3,677       4,692  
 
           
Weighted average shares outstanding assuming conversion (diluted)
    354,103       349,452  
 
           
We excluded the following items from diluted earnings (loss) per common share due to the anti-dilutive effect:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (shares in thousands, dollars in millions)  
 
               
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share
          415 (1)
 
               
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because the exercise price exceeded the average market price
    2,380 (1)     2,137 (1)
 
               
Interest expense that would be added to income if 5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes were dilutive
  $ (2)   $ (2)
 
     
(1)   Includes stock options.
 
(2)   In December 2006, we converted 99.2% of our convertible senior subordinated notes to common stock.

 

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(9) Income Taxes
(a) Tax Rate Reconciliation.
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Federal statutory rate
    35 %     35 %
Additions (reductions) resulting from:
               
Federal tax uncertainties
          (1 )
Western states litigation and similar settlements penalty
          1  
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes
    3       2  
 
           
Effective rate
    38 %     37 %
 
           
(b) Valuation Allowances.
We assess our future ability to use federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets using the more-likely-than-not criteria. These assessments include an evaluation of our recent history of earnings and losses, future reversals of temporary differences and identification of other sources of future taxable income, including the identification of tax planning strategies in certain situations.
Our valuation allowances for deferred tax assets are:
                         
                    Capital, Foreign  
    Federal     State     and Other, Net  
    (in millions)  
                         
As of December 31, 2007
  $ 14     $ 67     $ 22  
Changes in valuation allowance
          5       (1 )
 
                 
As of March 31, 2008
  $ 14     $ 72     $ 21  
 
                 
(c) Adoption of FIN 48 and Tax Uncertainties.
Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. This interpretation addresses whether (and when) tax benefits claimed in our tax returns should be recorded in our financial statements. Pursuant to FIN 48, we may only recognize the tax benefit for financial reporting purposes from an uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not that, based on the technical merits, the position will be sustained by taxing authorities or the courts. The recognized tax benefits are measured as the largest benefit having a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. FIN 48 also provides guidance for derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosures, transition rules and related matters. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense/benefit.
We expect to continue discussions with taxing authorities regarding tax positions related to the following, and believe it is reasonably possible some of these matters could be resolved in the next 12 months; however, we cannot estimate the range of changes that might occur:
    $177 million payment to CenterPoint during 2004 related to our residential customers;
 
    $351 million charge during 2005 to settle certain civil litigation and claims relating to the Western states energy crisis (see note 14(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K); and
 
    the timing of tax deductions as a result of negotiations with respect to California-related revenue, depreciation, emission allowances and certain employee benefits.

 

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(10) Guarantees and Indemnifications
We have guaranteed some non-qualified benefits of CenterPoint’s existing retirees at September 20, 2002. The estimated maximum potential amount of future payments under the guarantee was approximately $55 million as of March 31, 2008 and no liability is recorded in our consolidated balance sheets for this item.
In addition, we are also required to indemnify CenterPoint for certain liabilities relating to the initial public offering of our common stock.
We also guarantee the $500 million PEDFA bonds, which are included in our consolidated balance sheet as outstanding debt. Our guarantees are secured by guarantees from some of our subsidiaries. The guarantees require us to comply with covenants substantially identical to those in the 6.75% senior secured notes indenture. The PEDFA bonds will become secured by certain assets of our Seward power plant if the collateral supporting both the 6.75% senior secured notes and our guarantees are released. Our maximum potential obligation under the guarantees is for payment of the principal of $500 million and related interest charges at a fixed rate of 6.75%.
We have guaranteed payments to a third party relating to energy sales from El Dorado Energy, LLC, a former investment. The estimated maximum potential amount of future payments under this guarantee was approximately $21 million as of March 31, 2008 and no liability is recorded in our consolidated balance sheets for this item.
We enter into contracts that include indemnification and guarantee provisions. In general, we enter into contracts with indemnities for matters such as breaches of representations and warranties and covenants contained in the contract and/or against certain specified liabilities. Examples of these contracts include asset sales agreements, retail supply agreements, service agreements and procurement agreements.
In our debt agreements, we typically indemnify against liabilities that arise from the preparation, entry into, administration or enforcement of the agreement.
Except as otherwise noted, we are unable to estimate our maximum potential exposure under these agreements until an event triggering payment occurs. We do not expect to make any material payments under these agreements.
(11) Contingencies
We are party to many legal proceedings, some of which may involve substantial amounts. Unless otherwise noted, we cannot predict the outcome of the matters described below.
(a) Pending Natural Gas Litigation.
The following proceedings relate to alleged conduct in the natural gas markets. In 2005 and 2006, we settled a number of proceedings that were pending in California and other Western states; however, a number of other proceedings remain pending.
We are party to approximately 30 lawsuits, several of which are class action lawsuits, in state and federal courts in California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, Tennessee and Wisconsin. These lawsuits relate to alleged conduct to increase natural gas prices in violation of antitrust and similar laws. The lawsuits seek treble or punitive damages, restitution and/or expenses. The lawsuits also name a number of unaffiliated energy companies as parties.
One of the natural gas cases is a case filed by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) in the California Superior Court in 2004. The lawsuit alleges that we conspired to manipulate natural gas prices in breach of our supply contract with LADWP and in violation of California’s antitrust laws and the California False Claims Act. The lawsuit seeks treble damages for the alleged overcharges (estimated to be $218 million) for gas purchased by LADWP, interest and legal costs. The lawsuit also seeks (a) a determination that an extension of the contract with LADWP was invalid in that the required municipal approvals for the extension were allegedly not obtained and (b) a return of all money paid by LADWP during that period (estimated to be $681 million).

 

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Recent developments in these cases include:
    In April 2008, we reached a confidential tentative agreement to settle the 16 cases comprising the California-based gas index litigation, including the case filed by LADWP. The settlement is subject to definitive documentation that has not been completed. The charges anticipated to be incurred in connection with the settlement were expensed during the first quarter of 2008.
 
    In September 2007, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued decisions in a number of the other gas cases in which we are a defendant. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a series of lower court decisions holding that the filed rate doctrine barred the plaintiffs’ claims in those cases. As a result of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rulings, these cases have been remanded for further proceedings at the trial court level.
(b) Environmental Matters.
New Source Review Matters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various states are investigating compliance of coal-fueled electric generating stations with the pre-construction permitting requirements of the Clean Air Act known as “New Source Review.” In 2000 and 2001, we responded to the EPA’s information requests related to five of our stations, and in December 2007, we received supplemental requests for two of those stations. The EPA has agreed to share information relating to its investigations with state environmental agencies.
In December 2007, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) filed suit against us in the United States District Court in Pennsylvania, alleging that New Source Review violations occurred at one of our power plants located in Pennsylvania. The suit seeks installation of “best available” control technologies for each pollutant, to enjoin us from operating the plant if it is not in compliance with the Clean Air Act and civil penalties. The allegations are based on projects occurring prior to our ownership of the facility and the suit names three past owners of the plant as defendants. We believe we are indemnified by or have the right to seek indemnification from the prior owners for losses and expenses that we may incur.
We are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the EPA’s investigation or the NJDEP’s suit, but a final finding that we violated the New Source Review requirements could result in significant capital expenditures associated with the implementation of emissions reductions on an accelerated basis and possible penalties.
Ash Disposal Landfill Closures. We are responsible for environmental costs related to the future closures of seven ash disposal landfills. We recorded the estimated discounted costs associated with these environmental liabilities as part of our asset retirement obligations. See note 2(o) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
Remediation Obligations. We are responsible for environmental costs related to site contamination investigations and remediation requirements at four power plants in New Jersey. We recorded the estimated liability for the remediation costs of $8 million as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Conemaugh Actions. In April 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) filed suit against us in the Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County, Pennsylvania. In addition, in April 2007, PennEnvironment and the Sierra Club filed a citizens’ suit against us in the United States District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania. Each suit alleges that the Conemaugh plant is in violation of its water discharge permit and related state and federal laws and seeks civil penalties, remediation and to enjoin violations. The Conemaugh plant is jointly leased by us and seven other companies and is governed by a consent order agreement with the PADEP. We are confident that the Conemaugh plant has operated and will continue to operate in material compliance with the consent order agreement, its water discharge permit and related state and federal laws. However, if PADEP or PennEnvironment and the Sierra Club are successful, we could incur significant capital expenditures associated with the implementation of discharge reductions on an accelerated basis and possible penalties.
Global Warming. In February 2008, the Native Village of Kivalina and the City of Kivalina filed a suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and 23 other electric generating and oil and gas companies. The lawsuit seeks damages of up to $400 million for the cost of relocating the village allegedly because of global warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions of the defendants.

 

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(c) Other.
PUCT Cases. There are various proceedings pending before the state district court in Travis County, Texas, seeking reviews of the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) orders relating to the fuel factor component used in our “price-to-beat” tariff. These proceedings pertain to the same issues affirmed by a district court in Travis County and later by the Travis County Court of Appeals in 2004 in a separate proceeding.
CenterPoint Indemnity. We have agreed to indemnify CenterPoint against certain losses relating to the lawsuits described in note 11(a) under “Pending Natural Gas Litigation.” We have also agreed to indemnify CenterPoint against losses relating to an alleged breach of fiduciary duties in violation of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act in a class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages and restitution. In January 2006, the court granted CenterPoint’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the case with prejudice. In April 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the lower court’s decision.
Texas Franchise Audit. The state of Texas has issued assessment orders indicating an estimated tax liability of approximately $53 million (including interest and penalties of $16 million) relating primarily to the sourcing of receipts for 2000 through 2005. We are contesting the audit assessments related to this issue.
Sales Tax Contingencies. Some of our sales tax computations are subject to challenge under audit. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we have $19 million accrued in current and noncurrent liabilities relating to these contingencies.
(12) Supplemental Guarantor Information
Our wholly-owned subsidiaries are either (a) full and unconditional guarantors, jointly and severally, or (b) non-guarantors of the senior secured notes.

 

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations.
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments (1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 910     $ 2,352     $ (447 )   $ 2,815  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          832       1,364       (445 )     1,751  
Operation and maintenance
          62       152       (1 )     213  
Selling, general and administrative
          5       72       (1 )     76  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34                         34  
Gains on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
          (1 )                 (1 )
Depreciation and amortization
          36       53             89  
 
                             
Total
    34       934       1,641       (447 )     2,162  
 
                             
Operating income (loss)
    (34 )     (24 )     711             653  
 
                             
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    387       43             (430 )      
Interest expense
    (41 )     (9 )     (13 )           (63 )
Interest income
    5       1       4             10  
Interest income (expense) – affiliated companies, net
    55       (38 )     (17 )            
 
                             
Total other expense
    406       (3 )     (26 )     (430 )     (53 )
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    372       (27 )     685       (430 )     600  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (5 )     (24 )     258             229  
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    377       (3 )     427       (430 )     371  
Income from discontinued operations
          6                   6  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 377     $ 3     $ 427     $ (430 )   $ 377  
 
                             
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments (1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 822     $ 2,071     $ (531 )   $ 2,362  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          869       1,102       (528 )     1,443  
Operation and maintenance
          59       175       (3 )     231  
Selling, general and administrative
          4       83             87  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
          22                   22  
(Gains) losses on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
          3       (3 )            
Depreciation and amortization
          48       44             92  
 
                             
Total
          1,005       1,401       (531 )     1,875  
 
                             
Operating income (loss)
          (183 )     670             487  
 
                             
Income of equity investment, net
          1                   1  
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    216                   (216 )      
Other, net
    1                         1  
Interest expense
    (56 )     (8 )     (23 )           (87 )
Interest income
    4       3       3             10  
Interest income (expense) – affiliated companies, net
    91       (73 )     (18 )            
 
                             
Total other income (expense)
    256       (77 )     (38 )     (216 )     (75 )
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    256       (260 )     632       (216 )     412  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (3 )     (74 )     229             152  
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    259       (186 )     403       (216 )     260  
Loss from discontinued operations
                (1 )           (1 )
 
                             
Net income (loss)
  $ 259     $ (186 )   $ 402     $ (216 )   $ 259  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.

 

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets.
                                         
    March 31, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments (1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
ASSETS
                                       
Current Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 691     $     $ 274     $     $ 965  
Restricted cash
          3       2             5  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net
    11       254       729       (11 )     983  
Accounts and notes receivable – affiliated companies
    1,814       286       340       (2,440 )      
Inventory
          122       136             258  
Derivative assets
          207       1,890             2,097  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    1       88                   89  
Other current assets
    19       154       96       (10 )     259  
Current assets of discontinued operations
          6                   6  
 
                             
Total current assets
    2,536       1,120       3,467       (2,461 )     4,662  
 
                             
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
          2,843       2,362             5,205  
 
                             
Other Assets:
                                       
Goodwill and other intangibles, net
          174       481       119       774  
Notes receivable – affiliated companies
    2,530       664       68       (3,262 )      
Equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    2,533       348             (2,881 )      
Derivative assets
                588       (3 )     585  
Other long-term assets
    54       882       350       (731 )     555  
 
                             
Total other assets
    5,117       2,068       1,487       (6,758 )     1,914  
 
                             
Total Assets
  $ 7,653     $ 6,031     $ 7,316     $ (9,219 )   $ 11,781  
 
                             
 
                                       
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                                       
Current Liabilities:
                                       
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $     $     $ 12     $     $ 12  
Accounts payable, principally trade
          82       634       (3 )     713  
Accounts and notes payable – affiliated companies
    102       2,039       299       (2,440 )      
Derivative liabilities
          182       1,571             1,753  
Other current liabilities
    80       196       265       (50 )     491  
 
                             
Total current liabilities
    182       2,499       2,781       (2,493 )     2,969  
 
                             
Other Liabilities:
                                       
Notes payable – affiliated companies
          2,327       935       (3,262 )      
Derivative liabilities
          5       661             666  
Other long-term liabilities
    611       143       314       (699 )     369  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
                4             4  
 
                             
Total other liabilities
    611       2,475       1,914       (3,961 )     1,039  
 
                             
Long-term Debt
    1,982       500       413             2,895  
 
                             
Commitments and Contingencies
                                       
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    6                         6  
 
                             
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    4,872       557       2,208       (2,765 )     4,872  
 
                             
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 7,653     $ 6,031     $ 7,316     $ (9,219 )   $ 11,781  
 
                             

 

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    December 31, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments (1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
ASSETS
                                       
Current Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 490     $ 1     $ 264     $     $ 755  
Restricted cash
          1       2             3  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net
    11       252       831       (11 )     1,083  
Accounts and notes receivable – affiliated companies
    2,009       368       328       (2,705 )      
Inventory
          148       137             285  
Derivative assets
          123       540             663  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    1       82                   83  
Other current assets
    19       160       197       (17 )     359  
Current assets of discontinued operations
                2             2  
 
                             
Total current assets
    2,530       1,135       2,301       (2,733 )     3,233  
 
                             
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
          2,870       2,353             5,223  
 
                             
Other Assets:
                                       
Goodwill and other intangibles, net
          184       482       119       785  
Notes receivable – affiliated companies
    2,365       656       68       (3,089 )      
Equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    2,212       304             (2,516 )      
Derivative assets
          44       332             376  
Other long-term assets
    55       860       356       (696 )     575  
 
                             
Total other assets
    4,632       2,048       1,238       (6,182 )     1,736  
 
                             
Total Assets
  $ 7,162     $ 6,053     $ 5,892     $ (8,915 )   $ 10,192  
 
                             
 
                                       
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                                       
Current Liabilities:
                                       
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $ 41     $     $ 11     $     $ 52  
Accounts payable, principally trade
          68       624       (5 )     687  
Accounts and notes payable – affiliated companies
    103       2,223       379       (2,705 )      
Derivative liabilities
          112       773             885  
Other current liabilities
    11       182       256       (23 )     426  
 
                             
Total current liabilities
    155       2,585       2,043       (2,733 )     2,050  
 
                             
Other Liabilities:
                                       
Notes payable – affiliated companies
          2,213       876       (3,089 )      
Derivative liabilities
          57       417             474  
Other long-term liabilities
    539       152       284       (696 )     279  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
                4             4  
 
                             
Total other liabilities
    539       2,422       1,581       (3,785 )     757  
 
                             
Long-term Debt
    1,986       500       417             2,903  
 
                             
Commitments and Contingencies
                                       
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    5                         5  
 
                             
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    4,477       546       1,851       (2,397 )     4,477  
 
                             
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 7,162     $ 6,053     $ 5,892     $ (8,915 )   $ 10,192  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.

 

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows.
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                                       
Net cash provided by continuing operations from operating activities
  $ 65     $ 15     $ 222     $     $ 302  
Net cash used in discontinued operations from operating activities
                2             2  
 
                             
Net cash provided by operating activities
    65       15       224             304  
 
                             
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                                       
Capital expenditures
          (5 )     (45 )           (50 )
Investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries, net(2)
    176             (75 )     (101 )      
Proceeds from sales of emission allowances
          42       (44 )           (2 )
Restricted cash
          (1 )     (1 )           (2 )
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    176       36       (165 )     (101 )     (54 )
 
                             
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                                       
Payments of long-term debt
    (45 )                       (45 )
Changes in notes with affiliated companies, net(3)
          (52 )     (49 )     101        
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    5                         5  
 
                             
Net cash used in financing activities
    (40 )     (52 )     (49 )     101       (40 )
 
                             
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    201       (1 )     10             210  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    490       1       264             755  
 
                             
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 691     $     $ 274     $     $ 965  
 
                             
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                                       
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations from operating activities
  $ 38     $ (128 )   $ 125     $     $ 35  
Net cash used in discontinued operations from operating activities
                (1 )           (1 )
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    38       (128 )     124             34  
 
                             
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                                       
Capital expenditures
          (8 )     (34 )           (42 )
Investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries, net(2)
    (103 )                 103        
Net sales (purchases) of emission allowances
          10       (11 )           (1 )
Restricted cash
          (2 )     17       (1 )     14  
 
                             
Net cash used in investing activities
    (103 )           (28 )     102       (29 )
 
                             
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                                       
Payments of long-term debt
                (3 )           (3 )
Increase in short-term borrowings and revolving credit facilities, net
                6             6  
Changes in notes with affiliated companies, net(3)
          105       (2 )     (103 )      
Payments of financing costs
    (1 )                       (1 )
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    17                         17  
 
                             
Net cash provided by financing activities
    16       105       1       (103 )     19  
 
                             
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    (49 )     (23 )     97       (1 )     24  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    286       24       154             464  
 
                             
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 237     $ 1     $ 251     $ (1 )   $ 488  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.
 
(2)   Net investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries are classified as investing activities.
 
(3)   Net changes in notes with affiliated companies are classified as financing activities for subsidiaries of Reliant Energy and as investing activities for Reliant Energy.

 

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(13) Reportable Segments
Financial data for our segments are as follows:
                                         
    Retail     Wholesale                    
    Energy     Energy     Other Operations     Eliminations     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
Three months ended
                                       
March 31, 2008 (except as denoted):
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 1,935     $ 879 (1)   $ 1     $     $ 2,815  
Intersegment revenues
          48       3       (51 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives (2)(3)
    594       217 (4)     1       (1 )     811  
Total assets as of March 31, 2008
  $ 3,728     $ 7,833     $ 1,167 (5)   $ (947 )   $ 11,781  
 
                                       
Three months ended
                                       
March 31, 2007 (except as denoted):
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 1,701     $ 661     $     $     $ 2,362  
Intersegment revenues
          87       3       (90 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives (2)(6)
    684       (42 )(7)     2       (2 )     642  
Total assets as of December 31, 2007
  $ 2,285     $ 7,720     $ 1,081 (8)   $ (894 )   $ 10,192  
 
     
(1)   Includes $107 million from affiliates.
 
(2)   Revenues less (a) cost of sales, (b) operation and maintenance, (c) selling and marketing and (d) bad debt expense.
 
(3)   Includes $528 million, $30 million and $558 million in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(4)   Includes $45 million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(5)   Other operations include discontinued operations of $6 million.
 
(6)   Includes $616 million, $(94) million and $522 million in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(7)   Includes $(33) million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(8)   Other operations include discontinued operations of $2 million.
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 811     $ 642  
Other general and administrative
    36       41  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34       22  
Gains on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
    (1 )      
Depreciation
    68       87  
Amortization
    21       5  
 
           
Operating income
    653       487  
Income of equity investment, net
          1  
Other, net
          1  
Interest expense
    (63 )     (87 )
Interest income
    10       10  
 
           
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    600       412  
Income tax expense
    229       152  
 
           
Income from continuing operations
    371       260  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    6       (1 )
 
           
Net income
  $ 377     $ 259  
 
           

 

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(14) Channelview’s Bankruptcy Filings
On August 20, 2007, Channelview filed voluntary petitions in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Channelview LP filed for bankruptcy protection to prevent the lenders from exercising their remedies, including foreclosing on the project. The bankruptcy cases are being jointly administered, with Channelview managing its business in the ordinary course as debtors-in-possession subject to the supervision of the bankruptcy court.
During 2007 and the three months ended March 31, 2008, we incurred $3 million and $1 million, respectively, in selling, general and administrative expenses related to these bankruptcy filings and associated costs, which do not include the reorganization costs that Channelview incurred subsequent to August 19, 2007. Channelview LP’s debt is non-recourse to Reliant Energy and the bankruptcy filings did not cause a default under any of our other debt.
As a result of the bankruptcies, we deconsolidated Channelview’s financial results beginning August 20, 2007, and began reporting our investment in Channelview using the cost method. The following table contains certain combined financial information of Channelview:
                 
    March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 354     $ 356  
Secured debt obligations, including accrued interest
    340       340  
Payables to Reliant Energy and its subsidiaries, net
    102       96  
In February 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our Channelview cogeneration assets and assign related contracts for $468 million. Pursuant to a bankruptcy court order, an auction was subsequently conducted and we received a higher offer of $500 million from another bidder. The sale is subject to closing conditions, including the approval of the bankruptcy court. In April 2008, the bankruptcy court decided that it would not approve the sale because a cash sharing agreement was not included in the contracts assigned. We are considering various alternatives with respect to the bankruptcy proceedings and our investment in Channelview. These alternatives include selling our equity interests, enabling the above-mentioned sale to proceed and pursuing a plan of reorganization. It is reasonably possible an impairment could be recognized of our net investment in and receivables from Channelview ($89 million as of March 31, 2008, classified as current assets).
(15) Discontinued Operations
Subsequent to the sale of our New York plants in February 2006, we continue to have (a) insignificant settlements with the independent system operator and (b) property tax settlements. In addition, we periodically record amounts for contingent consideration for the 2003 sale of our European energy operations. These amounts are classified as discontinued operations in our results of operations. We recognized $6 million and $(1) million of income (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Of the 2008 amount, we recorded $6 million related to our European energy operations and received $6 million in cash during the second quarter of 2008. In addition, we have some amounts on our consolidated balance sheets classified as discontinued operations relating to these items.
(16) Subsequent Event
On April 21, 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our Bighorn natural gas-fired combined-cycle electric generation facility located in Clark County, Nevada with a nominal capacity of 598 megawatts and assign some related contracts. The $500 million purchase price is subject to certain adjustments, which are not expected to be material. We expect to recognize a small gain on the sale. The sale is subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada. We expect to close in the second half of 2008.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K. This includes non-GAAP financial measures, which are not standardized; therefore it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies’ non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names. We strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements and publicly filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
Business Overview
We provide electricity and energy services to retail and wholesale customers through two business segments.
    Retail energy — provides electricity and energy services to approximately 1.8 million retail electricity customers in Texas, including residential and small business customers and commercial, industrial and governmental/institutional customers. Our next largest market is the PJM Market, where we serve commercial, industrial and governmental/institutional customers. We regularly evaluate entering other markets.
 
    Wholesale energy — provides electricity and energy services in the competitive wholesale energy markets in the United States through our ownership and operation or contracting for power generation capacity. As of March 31, 2008, we had approximately 16,000 MW of power generation capacity.
Key Earnings Drivers.
Retail Energy. The retail energy segment is a low capital investment electricity resale business with relatively stable earnings (excluding unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives). We earn a margin by selling electricity to end-use customers and simultaneously acquiring supply. The key earnings drivers in the retail energy segment are the volume of electricity we sell to customers, the unit margins received on those sales and the cost of acquiring and serving those customers (operating costs). These earnings drivers are impacted by various factors including:
Volume of electricity sales
    Local weather patterns
 
    Number and type of customers
 
    Energy efficiency behaviors
 
    Expansion into new markets
Unit margins
    Competitive tactics of other retailers in the market
 
    Cost of supply compared to revenue rate charged
 
    Incremental value-added services
Operating costs
    Operating efficiencies
 
    Cost to acquire and retain customers
 
    Ability to collect

 

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Wholesale Energy. The wholesale energy segment is a capital-intensive, cyclical business. Earnings are significantly impacted by spark spreads and capacity prices. Spark spreads are driven by a number of factors, including the prices of natural gas, coal and fuel oil, the cost of emissions, transmission, weather and global macro-economic factors, none of which we control. The factor that we have the most control over is the percentage of time that our generating assets are available to run when it is economical for them to do so (commercial capacity factor). The key earnings drivers in the wholesale energy segment are the amount of time our power plants are economical to operate (economic generation) and commercial capacity factor, which both determine the amount of electricity we generate, the margin we earn for each unit of electricity sold, the availability of our generating assets to meet demand (other margin) and operating costs. These earnings drivers are impacted by various factors including:
Economic generation
    Supply and demand fundamentals
 
    Spark spreads
 
    Generation asset fuel type and efficiency
Commercial capacity factor
    Operations excellence
 
    Maintenance practices
Unit margin
    Supply and demand fundamentals
 
    Commodity prices
 
    Generation asset fuel type and efficiency
Other margin
    Capacity prices
 
    Power purchase agreements sold to others
 
    Ancillary services
Operating costs
    Operating efficiencies
 
    Maintenance practices
 
    Generation asset fuel type
Recent Events
In this section, we present recent and potential events that have impacted or could in the future impact our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. In addition to the events described below, a number of other factors could affect our future results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, including changes in natural gas prices, plant availability, retail energy customer growth, weather and other factors (see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Form 10-K).
On April 21, 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our Bighorn natural gas-fired combined-cycle electric generation facility located in Clark County, Nevada with a nominal capacity of 598 megawatts for $500 million and assign some related contracts. See note 16 to our interim financial statements for further discussion.
In April 2008, the court overseeing Channelview’s bankruptcy proceedings did not approve the sale of Channelview. We are considering various alternatives regarding our interests in Channelview. See note 14 to our interim financial statements for further discussion.

 

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Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
We reported $377 million consolidated net income, or $1.07 income per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $259 million consolidated net income, or $0.74 income per diluted share, for the same period in 2007.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 594     $ 684     $ (90 )
Wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
    217       (42 )     259  
Other contribution margin
          2       (2 )
Other general and administrative
    (36 )     (41 )     5  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    (34 )     (22 )     (12 )
Gains on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
    1             1  
Depreciation and amortization
    (89 )     (92 )     3  
Income of equity investment, net
          1       (1 )
Other, net
          (1 )     1  
Interest expense
    (63 )     (87 )     24  
Interest income
    10       10        
Income tax expense
    (229 )     (152 )     (77 )
 
                 
Income from continuing operations
    371       260       111  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    6       (1 )     7  
 
                 
Net income
  $ 377     $ 259     $ 118  
 
                 
Retail Energy Segment.
In analyzing the results of our retail energy segment, we use the non-GAAP financial measures “retail gross margin” and “retail contribution margin,” which exclude the item described below, as well as our retail energy segment profit and loss measure, “contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” Retail gross margin and retail contribution margin should not be relied upon without considering the GAAP financial measures. The item that is excluded from these non-GAAP financial measures has a recurring effect on our earnings and reflects aspects of our business that are not taken into account by these measures.
Unrealized Gains/Losses on Energy Derivatives. We use derivative instruments to manage operational or market constraints and to execute our retail energy segment’s supply procurement strategy. We are required to record in our consolidated statement of operations non-cash gains/losses related to future periods based on current changes in forward commodity prices for derivative instruments receiving mark-to-market accounting treatment. We refer to these gains and losses prior to settlement, as well as ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges, as “unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” In substantially all cases, the underlying transactions being hedged receive accrual accounting treatment, resulting in a mismatch of accounting treatments. Since the application of mark-to-market accounting has the effect of pulling forward into current periods non-cash gains/losses relating to and reversing in future delivery periods, analysis of results of operations from one period to another can be difficult. We believe that excluding these unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives provides a more meaningful representation of our economic performance in the reporting period and is therefore useful to us, investors, analysts and others in facilitating the analysis of our results of operations from one period to another.
Our retail energy segment’s contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $594 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $684 million in the same period of 2007. The $90 million decrease was primarily due to the net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $88 million. Retail contribution margin decreased $2 million primarily due to an $11 million decrease in retail gross margin, partially offset by a $10 million decrease in bad debt expense. See “— Retail Energy Margins” below for explanations.

 

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Retail Energy Operational Data.
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (gigawatt hours)  
Electricity Sales to End-Use Retail Customers:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    2,381       2,690  
Non-Houston
    1,828       1,952  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    593       725  
Non-Houston
    303       333  
 
           
Total Mass
    5,105       5,700  
Commercial and Industrial:
               
ERCOT(1)(2)
    8,635       7,857  
Non-ERCOT
    1,324       1,006  
 
           
Total Commercial and Industrial
    9,959       8,863  
 
           
Market usage adjustments
    (73 )     (86 )
 
           
Total
    14,991       14,477  
 
           
 
     
(1)   These volumes include customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.
 
(2)   ERCOT is the Electric Reliability Council of Texas.
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in thousands, metered locations)  
Weighted Average Retail Customer Count:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    1,003       1,083  
Non-Houston
    550       555  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    108       121  
Non-Houston
    38       33  
 
           
Total Mass
    1,699       1,792  
Commercial and Industrial:
               
ERCOT(1)
    90       83  
Non-ERCOT
    2       1  
 
           
Total Commercial and Industrial
    92       84  
 
           
Total
    1,791       1,876  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Includes customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.

 

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    March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (in thousands, metered locations)  
Retail Customers:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    993       1,016  
Non-Houston
    546       555  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    108       109  
Non-Houston
    38       38  
 
           
Total Mass
    1,685       1,718  
Commercial and Industrial:
               
ERCOT(1)
    89       91  
Non-ERCOT
    2       2  
 
           
Total Commercial and Industrial
    91       93  
 
           
Total
    1,776       1,811  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Includes customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.
Retail Energy Revenues.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
Retail energy revenues from end-use retail customers:
                       
Mass:
                       
Residential:
                       
Houston
  $ 348     $ 413     $ (65 )(1)
Non-Houston
    243       268       (25 )(2)
Small Business:
                       
Houston
    95       121       (26 )(1)
Non-Houston
    45       48       (3 )
 
                 
Total Mass
    731       850       (119 )
Commercial and Industrial:
                       
ERCOT
    813       707       106 (3)
Non-ERCOT
    116       73       43 (3)
 
                 
Total Commercial and Industrial
    929       780       149  
 
                 
Total
    1,660       1,630       30  
 
                 
Retail energy revenues from resales of purchased power and other hedging activities
    282       77       205 (4)
Market usage adjustments
    (7 )     (6 )     (1 )
 
                 
Total retail energy revenues
  $ 1,935     $ 1,701     $ 234  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower volumes driven by (i) fewer number of customers and (ii) milder weather and (b) lower unit sales prices.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to (a) milder weather and (b) lower unit sales prices.
 
(3)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher volumes due to increased number of customers, partially offset by a change in customer usage and mix and (b) higher unit sales prices.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to our supply management activities in various markets in Texas.

 

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Retail Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Costs of sales
  $ 1,728     $ 1,440     $ 288  
Retail energy intersegments costs
    48       87       (39 )
 
                 
Subtotal
    1,776       1,527       249 (1)
 
                 
Market usage adjustments
    (6 )     (2 )     (4 )
Unrealized gains on energy derivatives
    (528 )     (616 )     88 (2)
 
                 
Total retail energy cost of sales
  $ 1,242     $ 909     $ 333  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement.
 
(2)   See footnote 4 under “— Retail Energy Margins.”
Retail Energy Margins.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Mass gross margin
  $ 127     $ 160     $ (33 )(1)
Commercial and industrial gross margin
    39       20       19 (2)
Market usage adjustments
    (1 )     (4 )     3  
 
                 
Retail gross margin
    165       176       (11 )
 
                 
Operation and maintenance
    (60 )     (61 )     1  
Selling and marketing expense
    (32 )     (30 )     (2 )
Bad debt expense
    (7 )     (17 )     10 (3)
 
                 
Retail contribution margin
    66       68       (2 )
Unrealized gains on energy derivatives
    528       616       (88 )(4)
 
                 
Total retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(5)
  $ 594     $ 684     $ (90 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower volumes driven by (i) fewer number of customers, (ii) milder weather and (iii) a change in customer usage and mix and (b) lower unit margins (lower unit sales prices, partially offset by lower unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement).
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to higher unit margins (higher unit sales prices, partially offset by higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement).
 
(3)   Decrease primarily due to improved collections compared to our expectations.
 
(4)   Decrease primarily due to (a) $157 million loss related to liquidity and credit reserves and (b) $152 million loss on energy derivatives settled during the period. These decreases were partially offset by $207 million gain due to changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market.
 
(5)   Retail energy segment profit and loss measure.
Wholesale Energy Segment.
In analyzing the results of our wholesale energy segment, we use the non-GAAP financial measures “open energy gross margin,” “open wholesale gross margin” and “open wholesale contribution margin,” which exclude the items described below, as well as our wholesale energy segment profit and loss measure, “contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” Open energy gross margin, open wholesale gross margin and open wholesale contribution margin should not be relied upon without considering the GAAP financial measures. The items that are excluded from these non-GAAP financial measures have a recurring effect on our earnings and reflect aspects of our business that are not taken into account by these measures.
Historical and Operational Wholesale Hedges. We exclude the recurring effect of certain historical wholesale hedges that were entered into in order to hedge the economics of a portion of our wholesale operations.  These amounts primarily relate to settlements of forward power hedges, long-term tolling purchases, long-term natural gas transportation contracts not serving our generation assets and our legacy energy trading.  We also exclude the effect of certain on-going operational wholesale hedges that were entered into primarily to mitigate certain operational risks at our generation assets.  These amounts primarily relate to settlements of fuel hedges, long-term natural gas transportation contracts and storage contracts.  Operational wholesale hedges are derived based on methodology consistent with the calculation of open energy gross margin. We believe that it is useful to us, investors, analysts and others to show our results in the absence of both historical and operational hedges. The impact of these hedges on our financial results is not a function of the operating performance of our generation assets, and excluding the impact better reflects the operating performance of our generation assets based on prevailing market conditions.

 

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Unrealized Gains/Losses on Energy Derivatives. We use derivative instruments to manage operational or market constraints and to increase the return on our generation assets. We are required to record in our consolidated statement of operations non-cash gains/losses related to future periods based on current changes in forward commodity prices for derivative instruments receiving mark-to-market accounting treatment. We refer to these gains and losses prior to settlement, as well as ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges, as “unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” In some cases, the underlying transactions being hedged receive accrual accounting treatment, resulting in a mismatch of accounting treatments. Since the application of mark-to-market accounting has the effect of pulling forward into current periods non-cash gains/losses relating to and reversing in future delivery periods, analysis of results of operations from one period to another can be difficult. We believe that excluding these unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives provides a more meaningful representation of our economic performance in the reporting period and is therefore useful to us, investors, analysts and others in facilitating the analysis of our results of operations from one period to another. These gains/losses are also not a function of the operating performance of our generation assets, and excluding their impact helps isolate the operating performance of our generation assets under prevailing market conditions.
Our wholesale energy segment’s contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $217 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $(42) million in the same period of 2007. The $259 million increase was primarily due to (a) net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $124 million and (b) $78 million increase in historical and operational wholesale hedges. Open wholesale contribution margin increased $57 million primarily due to a $41 million increase in open wholesale gross margin and an $18 million decrease in operation and maintenance expenses. See “— Wholesale Energy Margins” below for explanations.

 

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Wholesale Energy Operational and Financial Data.
                                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    GWh     % Economic(1)     GWh     % Economic(1)  
 
                               
Economic Generation(2):
                               
PJM Coal
    5,963.9       82 %     6,098.5       84 %
MISO Coal
    2,048.4       74 %     2,181.5       81 %
PJM/MISO Gas
    60.8       1 %     74.8       1 %
West
    238.4       3 %     8.5       0 %
Other
          0 %     1,336.9       65 %
 
                       
Total
    8,311.5       34 %     9,700.2       37 %
 
                       
 
                               
Commercial Capacity Factor(3):
                               
PJM Coal
    84.9 %             79.2 %        
MISO Coal
    75.3 %             61.3 %        
PJM/MISO Gas
    93.9 %             64.4 %        
West
    76.3 %             100.0 %        
Other
    0.0 %             90.8 %        
 
                           
Total
    82.3 %             76.7 %        
 
                           
 
                               
Generation (4):
                               
PJM Coal
    5,062.9               4,832.3          
MISO Coal
    1,542.3               1,336.3          
PJM/MISO Gas
    57.1               48.2          
West
    181.8               8.5          
Other
                  1,214.1          
 
                           
Total
    6,844.1               7,439.4          
 
                           
 
                               
Open Energy Unit Margin ($/MWh)(5):
                               
PJM Coal
  $ 33.78             $ 30.83          
MISO Coal
    29.83               27.69          
PJM/MISO Gas
    87.57               20.75          
West
  NM (6)           NM (6)        
Other
                  5.77          
 
                           
Total weighted average
  $ 31.71             $ 25.54          
 
                           
 
     
(1)   Represents economic generation (hours) divided by maximum generation hours (maximum plant capacity multiplied by 8,760 hours).
 
(2)   Estimated generation at 100% plant availability based on an hourly analysis of when it is economical to generate based on the price of power, fuel, emission allowances and variable operating costs.
 
(3)   Generation divided by economic generation.
 
(4)   Excludes generation related to power purchase agreements, including tolling agreements.
 
(5)   Represents open energy gross margin divided by generation.
 
(6)   NM is not meaningful.

 

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Wholesale Energy Revenues.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party revenues
  $ 785     $ 646     $ 139 (1)
Wholesale energy intersegment revenues
    48       87       (39 )(2)
 
                 
Subtotal
    833       733       100  
 
                 
Revenues — affiliates
    107             107 (3)
Unrealized gains (losses)
    (13 )     15       (28 )(4)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy revenues
  $ 927     $ 748     $ 179  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher power sales prices, (b) higher power sales volumes, (c) higher natural gas sales prices and (d) higher RPM capacity payments. These increases were partially offset by (a) lower natural gas sales volumes and (b) lower steam sales due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to lower power sales volumes.
 
(3)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These revenues represent sales of fuel to Channelview.
 
(4)   See footnote 9 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”
Wholesale Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party costs
  $ 521     $ 512     $ 9 (1)
Cost of sales — affiliates
    79             79 (2)
Unrealized (gains) losses
    (43 )     109       (152 )(3)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy cost of sales
  $ 557     $ 621     $ (64 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher prices paid for natural gas and (b) higher coal prices. These increases were partially offset by lower purchased natural gas volumes.
 
(2)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These cost of sales represent purchases of power from Channelview.
 
(3)   See footnote 9 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”

 

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Wholesale Energy Margins.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Open energy gross margin(1):
                       
PJM Coal
  $ 171     $ 149     $ 22 (2)
MISO Coal
    46       37       9 (3)
PJM/MISO Gas
    5       1       4  
West
    (5 )     (4 )     (1 )
Other
          7       (7 )
 
                 
Total
    217       190       27  
 
                       
Other margin(4):
                       
PJM Coal
    18       7       11 (5)
MISO Coal
    2       2        
PJM/MISO Gas
    27       11       16 (5)
West
    22       23       (1 )
Other
    9       21       (12 )(6)
 
                 
Total
    78       64       14  
 
                 
 
                       
Open wholesale gross margin
    295       254       41  
 
                 
 
                       
Operation and maintenance
    (152 )     (170 )     18 (7)
Bad debt expense
    (1 )     1       (2 )
 
                 
Open wholesale contribution margin
    142       85       57  
Historical and operational wholesale hedges
    45       (33 )     78 (8)
Unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives
    30       (94 )     124 (9)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(10)
  $ 217     $ (42 )   $ 259  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Open energy gross margin is calculated using the power sales prices received by the plants less delivered spot fuel prices. This figure excludes the effects of other margin, our historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher open energy unit margins (higher power prices partially offset by higher fuel costs) and (b) higher commercial capacity factor primarily due to lower planned outages in 2008.
 
(3)   Increase primarily due to higher commercial capacity factor due to lower planned and unplanned outages in 2008.
 
(4)   Other margin represents power purchase agreements, capacity payments, ancillary services revenues and selective commercial hedge strategies.
 
(5)   Increase primarily due to higher RPM capacity payments.
 
(6)   Decrease primarily due to (a) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007 and (b) lower revenue from power purchase agreements.
 
(7)   Decrease primarily due to (a) $11 million decrease in planned outages and maintenance spending and (b) decreases due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(8)   Increase primarily due to (a) $39 million in higher margins on operational hedges and (b) $39 million decrease in losses on closed power hedges.
 
(9)   Increase primarily due to (a) $155 million in gains due to changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market, partially offset by $27 million loss due to settlements.
 
(10)   Wholesale energy segment profit and loss measure.

 

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Other General and Administrative
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Salaries and benefits
  $ 18     $ 20     $ (2 )
Professional fees, contract services and information systems maintenance
    7       7        
Rent and utilities
    6       6        
Legal costs
    2       7       (5 )
Other, net
    3       1       2  
 
                 
Other general and administrative
  $ 36     $ 41     $ (5 )
 
                 
Western States Litigation and Similar Settlements. See note 14(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
Gains on Sales of Assets and Emission Allowances, Net. This amount did not change significantly.
Depreciation and Amortization.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Depreciation on plants
  $ 58     $ 76     $ (18 )(1)
Depreciation on information systems
    8       10       (2 )
Other, net — depreciation
    2       1       1  
 
                 
Depreciation
    68       87       (19 )
 
                 
Amortization of emission allowances
    20       4       16 (2)
Other, net — amortization
    1       1        
 
                 
Amortization
    21       5       16  
 
                 
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 89     $ 92     $ (3 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to early retirements of plant components when replacement components are installed for upgrades (from $15 million in 2007 to $0 in 2008).
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to higher average of cost of SO2 allowances purchased and used.
Income of Equity Investment, Net. This represents income, which did not change significantly, from our equity method investment in Sabine Cogen, LP.
Other, Net. Other, net did not change significantly.

 

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Interest Expense.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Fixed-rate debt
  $ 57     $ 59     $ (2 )
Fees for MWh’s delivered under credit-enhanced retail structure
    6       5       1  
Deferred financing costs
    3       4       (1 )
Financing fees expensed
    2       4       (2 )
Variable-rate debt
          8       (8 )
Channelview
          6       (6 )(1)
Unrealized losses on derivatives
          3       (3 )
Capitalized interest
    (3 )           (3 )
Amortization of fair value adjustment of acquired debt
    (3 )     (3 )      
Other, net
    1       1        
 
                 
Interest expense
  $ 63     $ 87     $ (24 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
Interest Income.
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Interest on temporary cash investments
  $ 9     $ 7     $ 2  
Net margin deposits
    1       3       (2 )
 
                 
Interest income
  $ 10     $ 10     $  
 
                 
Income Tax Expense. See note 9 to our interim financial statements.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. See note 15 to our interim financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we generated $302 million in operating cash flows from continuing operations, including the changes in margin deposits of $9 million (cash inflow).
As of April 25, 2008, we had total available liquidity of $1.5 billion, comprised of unused borrowing capacity, letters of credit capacity and cash and cash equivalents. Of this amount, $300 million is available only to our retail business through our working capital facility agreement with Merrill Lynch. In addition, Merrill Lynch provides financial support that significantly reduces the liquidity requirements and substantially eliminates collateral postings for our retail business. See note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of our Form 10-K and note 6 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.

 

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Credit Risk
By extending credit to our counterparties, we are exposed to credit risk. As of March 31, 2008, our derivative assets and accounts receivable from our wholesale energy and retail energy power supply counterparties, after taking into consideration netting within each contract and any master netting contracts with counterparties, are:
                                         
    Exposure     Credit             Number of     Net Exposure of  
    Before     Collateral     Exposure     Counterparties     Counterparties  
Credit Rating Equivalent   Collateral(1)     Held     Net of Collateral     >10%     >10%  
    (dollars in millions)  
 
                                       
Investment grade
  $ 426     $ (13 )   $ 413       1     $ 266  
Non-investment grade
    344             344       2       279  
No external ratings:
                                       
Internally rated — Investment grade
    51             51              
Internally rated — Non-investment grade
    33       (6 )     27              
 
                             
Total
  $ 854     $ (19 )   $ 835       3     $ 545  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   The table excludes amounts related to contracts classified as normal purchase/normal sale and non-derivative contractual commitments that are not recorded in our consolidated balance sheets, except for any related accounts receivable. Such contractual commitments contain credit and economic risk if a counterparty does not perform. Nonperformance could have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
As of March 31, 2008, one investment grade counterparty represented 31% ($266 million) of our credit exposure and two non-investment grade counterparties represented 33% ($279 million) of our credit exposure. As of December 31, 2007, two non-investment grade counterparties represented 47% ($206 million) of our credit exposure. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held no collateral from these counterparties. There were no other counterparties representing greater than 10% of our credit exposure.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2008, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

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Historical Cash Flows
Cash Flows — Operating Activities
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Operating income
  $ 653     $ 487     $ 166  
Depreciation and amortization
    89       92       (3 )
Gains on sales of assets and emission allowances, net
    (1 )           (1 )
Net changes in energy derivatives
    (548 ) (1)     (509 ) (2)     (39 )
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34             34  
Western states litigation and similar settlements payments
          (35 )     35  
Margin deposits, net
    9       86       (77 )
Change in accounts and notes receivable and accounts payable, net
    107       70       37  
Net option premiums purchased
    (10 )     (12 )     2  
Settlements of exchange transactions prior to contractual period(3)
    (5 )     (8 )     3  
Interest payments
    (9 )     (75 )     66  
Income tax refunds, net of payments
    22             22  
Other, net
    (39 )     (61 )     22  
 
                 
Net cash provided by continuing operations from operating activities
    302       35       267  
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations from operating activities
    2       (1 )     3  
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 304     $ 34     $ 270  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Includes unrealized gains on energy derivatives of $558 million.
 
(2)   Includes unrealized gains on energy derivatives of $522 million.
 
(3)   Represents exchange transactions financially settled within three business days prior to the contractual delivery month.
Cash Flows — Investing Activities
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Capital expenditures
  $ (50 )   $ (42 )   $ (8 )
Proceeds from sales of emission allowances
    2             2  
Purchases of emission allowances
    (4 )     (1 )     (3 )
Restricted cash
    (2 )     14       (16 )
 
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
  $ (54 )   $ (29 )   $ (25 )
 
                 
Cash Flows — Financing Activities
                         
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Payments of senior secured notes
  $ (45 )   $     $ (45 )
Proceeds from issuance of stock
    5       17       (12 )
Payments of financing costs
          (1 )     1  
Other, net
          3       (3 )
 
                 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ (40 )   $ 19     $ (59 )
 
                 

 

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New Accounting Pronouncements, Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
New Accounting Pronouncements
See notes 1 and 3 to our interim financial statements.
Significant Accounting Policies
See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Accounting Estimates — New Accounting Pronouncements, Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates — Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7 in our Form 10-K and note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, which discusses fair value measurements. See note 3 to our interim financial statements.

 

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risks and Risk Management
Our primary market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in commodity prices. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of our Form 10-K.
Non-Trading Market Risks
Commodity Price Risk
As of March 31, 2008, the fair values of the contracts related to our net non-trading derivative assets and liabilities are:
                                                         
    Twelve                                            
    Months                                            
    Ending                                            
    March 31,     Remainder                             2013 and     Total fair  
Source of Fair Value   2009     of 2009     2010     2011     2012     thereafter     value  
    (in millions)  
 
                                                       
Prices actively quoted
  $ (20 )   $ 1     $ 2     $ 1     $ 14     $     $ (2 )
Prices provided by other external sources
    461       32       (26 )     (2 )                 465  
Prices based on models and other valuation methods
    (108 )     (21 )     (16 )     (42 )     (24 )           (211 )
 
                                         
Total mark-to-market non-trading derivatives
  $ 333     $ 12     $ (40 )   $ (43 )   $ (10 )   $     $ 252  
 
                                         
A hypothetical 10% movement in the underlying energy prices would have the following potential gain (loss) impacts on our non-trading derivatives:
                                 
            Fair Value of     Earnings Impact of     Total Potential  
As of   Market Prices     Cash Flow Hedges     Other Derivatives     Loss in Fair Value  
                (in millions)        
 
                               
March 31, 2008
  10% decrease   $     $ (412 )   $ (412 )
December 31, 2007
  10% decrease           (353 )     (353 )
Interest Rate Risk
We remain subject to the benefits or losses associated with movements in market interest rates related to certain variable rate debt, cash, cash equivalents and margin deposits, which are most vulnerable to changes in the federal funds rate. As we deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007 and have no borrowings under our senior secured revolver or retail working capital facility, we have no variable rate debt outstanding as of March 31, 2008.
We assess interest rate risks using a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential change in our interest expense/income based on a hypothetical one percentage point movement in the underlying variable interest rate indices. If interest rates increased/decreased by one percentage point, our interest expense would have increased/decreased for the twelve months ended March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 by $2 million and $4 million, respectively, and our interest income, net of interest expense would have increased/decreased by $4 million and $2 million, respectively.
We estimated these amounts by considering the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on our variable-rate debt, cash and cash equivalents and net margin deposits based on average balances throughout the respective periods.
If interest rates decreased by one percentage point from their March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 levels, the fair market values of our fixed-rate debt would have increased by $195 million and $201 million, respectively.

 

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Trading Market Risks
As of March 31, 2008, the fair values of the contracts related to our legacy trading positions and recorded as net derivative assets and liabilities are:
                                                         
    Twelve                                            
    Months                                            
    Ending                                            
    March 31,     Remainder                             2013 and     Total fair  
Source of Fair Value   2009     of 2009     2010     2011     2012     thereafter     value  
    (in millions)  
 
                                                       
Prices actively quoted
  $ (59 )   $     $     $     $     $     $ (59 )
Prices provided by other external sources
    73                                     73  
Prices based on models and other valuation methods
    (3 )                                   (3 )
 
                                         
Total
  $ 11     $     $     $     $     $     $ 11  
 
                                         
Our consolidated realized and unrealized margins relating to these positions are (income (loss)):
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Realized
  $ 7     $ 10  
Unrealized
    (11 )     (10 )
 
           
Total
  $ (4 )   $  
 
           
An analysis of these net derivative assets and liabilities is:
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Fair value of contracts outstanding, beginning of period
  $ 19     $ 9  
Contracts realized or settled
    (10 )(1)     (13 )(2)
Changes in fair values attributable to market price and other market changes
    2       2  
 
           
Fair value of contracts outstanding, end of period
  $ 11     $ (2 )
 
           
 
     
(1)   Amount includes realized gain of $(7) million and deferred settlements of $(3) million.
 
(2)   Amount includes realized gain of $(10) million and deferred settlements of $(3) million.
The daily value-at-risk for our legacy trading positions is:
                 
    2008(1)     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
As of March 31
  $ 1     $ 3  
Three months ended March 31:
               
Average
    1       3  
High
    1       4  
Low
          2  
 
     
(1)   The major parameters for calculating daily value-at-risk remain the same during 2008 as disclosed in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of our Form 10-K.

 

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (1934 Act)) as of March 31, 2008, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 1934 Act) during the period ended March 31, 2008, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 11 to our interim financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
In the first quarter of 2008, we issued 674,921 shares of unregistered common stock pursuant to cashless warrant exercises under an exemption pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits.
See Index of Exhibits.

 

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  RELIANT ENERGY, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
May 1, 2008   By:   /s/ Thomas C. Livengood    
    Thomas C. Livengood   
    Senior Vice President and Controller (Duly Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)   
 

 

 


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INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibits not incorporated by reference to a prior filing are designated by a cross (+); all exhibits not so designated are incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing as indicated. The exhibits with the asterisk symbol (*) are compensatory arrangements filed pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iii) of Regulation S-K.
                         
                SEC File or    
Exhibit       Report or Registration   Registration   Exhibit
Number   Document Description   Statement   Number   Reference
       
 
               
  +2.1    
Asset Purchase Agreement for Bighorn power plant by and among Reliant Energy Wholesale Generation, LLC, Reliant Energy Asset Management, LLC and Nevada Power Company dated as of April 21, 2008
               
       
 
               
  3.1    
Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation
  Reliant Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2007   1-16455     3.1  
       
 
               
  3.2    
Third Amended and Restated Bylaws
  Reliant Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007   1-16455     3.3  
       
 
               
  4.1    
Registrant has omitted instruments with respect to long-term debt in an amount that does not exceed 10% of the registrant’s total assets and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and hereby undertakes to furnish a copy of any such agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request
               
       
 
               
  +*10.1    
2002 Long-Term Incentive Plan
2008 Long-Term Incentive Award Program for officers and Form of Agreement
               
       
 
               
  +31.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
               
       
 
               
  +31.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
               
       
 
               
  +32.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002