PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
Registration No. 333-124003
The information in
this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may
be changed. Neither this preliminary prospectus supplement nor
the accompanying prospectus is an offer to sell these securities
and neither is soliciting any offer to buy these securities in
any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED
MAY 14, 2007
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated May 20,
2005)
9,000,000 Shares
Common
Stock
Capital Lease Funding, Inc. is a
diversified real estate investment trust, or REIT, that invests
primarily in single tenant commercial real estate assets subject
to long-term leases to high credit quality tenants. As of
March 31, 2007 and including the impact of the net lease
portfolio purchase described in this prospectus supplement, we
had an investment portfolio of approximately $2.0 billion
measured by our carry value before depreciation and amortization.
We are offering
9,000,000 shares of our common stock in this offering. Our
common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol LSE. On May 14, 2007, the last reported
sales price of our common stock was $11.60 per share.
Our common stock is subject to an
ownership limit of 9.9% of the value or number, whichever is
more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock
and 9.9% of the value or number, whichever is more restrictive,
of all the outstanding shares of our stock, which is designed to
preserve our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. See Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
on page 35 of the accompanying prospectus for more
information about these restrictions.
See Risk Factors
beginning on
page S-7
of this prospectus supplement, at Item 1A of our Annual
Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2006, and at Item 1A
of our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, to read
about certain risks you should consider before buying shares of
our common stock.
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Per
Share
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Total
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Public offering price
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$
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$
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Underwriting discounts and
commissions
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$
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$
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us
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$
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$
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Delivery of the common stock will
be made by the underwriters on or about May ,
2007.
Neither the Securities and
Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the
adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
We have granted to the underwriters
the right to purchase a maximum of 1,350,000 additional shares
of our common stock to cover over-allotments of shares,
exercisable at any time within 30 days after the date of
this prospectus supplement.
The date of this prospectus
supplement is May , 2007.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
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Page
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Prospectus Supplement
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S-ii
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S-iii
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S-1
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S-7
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S-11
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S-12
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S-13
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S-23
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S-24
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S-26
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S-26
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S-27
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Prospectus
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1
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1
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2
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3
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20
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21
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21
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21
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22
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27
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30
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35
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37
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42
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59
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60
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61
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62
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62
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You should rely only on the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus and in any written communication from us
or the underwriters specifying the final terms of the offering.
We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone
else to provide you with additional or different information. If
anyone provides you with additional or different information,
you should not rely on it. An offer to sell these securities
will not be made in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is
not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing
in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus,
as well as information we previously filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission and incorporated by reference, is only
accurate as of the date given in this prospectus supplement or
accompanying prospectus or as of the date given in the
incorporated document, as applicable. Our business, financial
condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed
since that date.
S-i
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the
information incorporated by reference into this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain
forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations,
beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated
events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that
are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify
forward-looking statements by terms such as
anticipate, believe, could,
estimate, expect, intend,
may, plan, potential,
should, strategy, will and
other words of similar meaning. The forward-looking statements
are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future
performance, taking into account all information currently
available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can
change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all
of which are known to us or are within our control. If a change
occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results
of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our
forward-looking statements. In connection with the safe
harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, we are hereby identifying important factors
that could cause actual results and outcomes to differ
materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
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our ability to make additional investments in a timely manner or
on acceptable terms;
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our ability to obtain long-term financing for our asset
investments in a timely manner and on terms that are consistent
with those we project when we invest in the asset;
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adverse changes in the financial condition of the tenants
underlying our investments;
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increases in our financing costs, our general and administrative
costs and/or
our property expenses;
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changes in our industry, the industries of our tenants, interest
rates or the general economy;
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the success of our hedging strategy;
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our ability to raise additional capital;
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impairments in the value of the collateral underlying our
investments;
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the degree and nature of our competition; and
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the other factors discussed in this prospectus supplement, the
accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by
reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus, including those described under the caption
Risk Factors in this prospectus supplement, under
the caption Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual
Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, and under the
caption Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Quarterly
Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007.
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In addition, we may be required to defer revenue recognition on
real properties we acquire if the property is under construction
or is not yet ready for occupancy.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of its date. We
undertake no obligation to update or publicly release any
revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events,
circumstances or changes in expectations after the date made.
S-ii
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus
supplement, which describes certain terms of this offering and
other matters relating to us. The second part, the accompanying
prospectus, gives more general information about our company and
securities we may offer from time to time, some of which does
not apply to this offering.
To the extent any inconsistency or conflict exists between the
information included or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement and the information included in the
accompanying prospectus, the information included or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement updates
and supersedes the information in the accompanying prospectus.
When used in this prospectus, except where the context otherwise
requires, the terms we, our,
us and the Company refer to Capital
Lease Funding, Inc. and its predecessors and subsidiaries.
When we compute weighted averages in this prospectus supplement,
we weight the relevant numbers based on our carry value before
depreciation and amortization.
S-iii
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information about us and
this offering. It may not contain all the information that may
be important to you in deciding whether to invest in our common
stock. You should read this entire prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus, including the financial data and
related notes included or incorporated by reference herein,
before making an investment decision. Unless otherwise
specified, the information in this prospectus supplement assumes
no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option.
Overview
We are a diversified real estate investment trust, or REIT, that
invests primarily in single tenant commercial real estate assets
subject to long-term leases to high credit quality tenants. We
focus on properties that are subject to a net lease, or a lease
that requires the tenant to pay all or substantially all
expenses normally associated with the ownership of the property
(such as utilities, taxes, insurance and routine maintenance)
during the lease term.
Tenants underlying our investments are primarily large public
companies or their significant operating subsidiaries and
governmental entities with investment grade credit ratings,
defined as a published senior unsecured credit rating of
BBB/Baa3 or above from one or both of Standard &
Poors Corporation (S&P) and Moodys
Investors Service (Moodys). We also imply an
investment grade credit rating for tenants that are not publicly
rated by S&P or Moodys but (i) are 100% owned by
an investment grade parent, (ii) for which we have obtained
a private investment grade rating from either S&P or
Moodys, or (iii) are governmental entity branches or
units of another investment grade rated governmental entity.
As of March 31, 2007 and including the impact of the net
lease portfolio purchase described under Recent Developments
below (the EntreCap Portfolio), the highlights of
our investment portfolio were as follows:
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approximately $2.0 billion total investment portfolio
measured by carry value before depreciation and amortization;
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78% owned real properties (approximately $1.6 billion) and
22% primarily loans and mortgage securities (approximately
$455.6 million);
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approximately 87% invested (approximately $1.8 billion) in
owned properties and loans on properties where the underlying
tenant was rated investment grade or implied investment grade,
and in investment grade rated real estate securities;
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weighted average underlying tenant credit rating of A-; and
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weighted average underlying tenant remaining lease term of
approximately 12 years.
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S-1
Recent
Developments
On April 18, 2007, we completed the acquisition of the
EntreCap Portfolio, a portfolio of 18 real estate assets net
leased to five different tenants. The purchase price for the
assets was $364.4 million, including $159.3 million of
assumed mortgage debt. The portfolio includes the following
assets:
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Number of
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Property
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Square
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Lease
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Tenant or Guarantor
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Properties
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Location
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Type
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Feet
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Maturity
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Nestlé Holdings, Inc.
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3
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Breinigsville, Pennsylvania;
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Warehouse/
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2,560,351
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12/2012
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Fort Wayne, Indiana; and
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Distribution
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Lathrop, California
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Facilities
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The Kroger Co.
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11
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Various locations in
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Retail Grocery
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685,135
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1/2022
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Kentucky (5), Georgia (4)
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Stores
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and Tennessee (2)
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Factory Mutual Insurance Company
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1
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Johnston, Rhode Island
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Office Building
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345,842
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7/2009
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Qwest Business Resources, Inc.
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2
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Omaha, Nebraska
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Office Buildings
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419,645
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6/2010
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The Travelers Corporation
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1
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Hartford, Connecticut
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Office Building
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130,000
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10/2011
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Investment
Strategy
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Investing in High Quality Cash
Flows. We invest primarily in real estate
assets where the underlying tenant is of high credit quality.
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Long-Term Assets Held for
Investment. We invest in commercial real
estate assets subject to long-term leases. As of March 31,
2007 and including the EntreCap Portfolio, the weighted average
underlying tenant remaining lease term on our portfolio was
approximately 12 years.
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Flexible Investment Approach. While
owned real properties comprise approximately 78% of our current
portfolio, we have the expertise and ability to invest at all
levels of the capital structure of net lease or other single
tenant properties. Our target is to maintain a portfolio mix of
75% to 90% owned real estate, and 10% to 25% mortgage loan and
other debt investments.
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Stringent Underwriting Process. We
maintain a comprehensive underwriting and due diligence process
that is overseen by our investment committee, which consists of
six of our key employees, including the chief executive officer,
president, chief financial officer and chief investment officer.
Our investment committee formally reviews and approves each
transaction prior to funding. We also have an investment
oversight committee of the Board of Directors that approves
investments in excess of $50 million.
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Finance with Long-Term Fixed Rate
Debt. We seek to borrow against, or leverage,
our assets with long-term fixed rate debt, effectively locking
in the spread we expect to generate on our assets. Our financing
strategy allows us to invest in a greater number of assets and
enhance our asset returns. Our target leverage is 75% to 85% of
our assets in portfolio. We believe this leverage level is
conservative given the high credit quality of the underlying
tenants and the length and quality of the related leases.
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Our
Competitive Strengths
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Established Investment Capabilities. We
have an experienced in-house team of investment professionals
and underwriters that source, structure, underwrite and close
our transactions. In addition, we have developed an extensive
national network of property owners, investment sale brokers,
tenants, borrowers, mortgage brokers, lenders, institutional
investors and other market participants that helps us to
identify a variety of single tenant investment opportunities.
This extensive network along with our efficient underwriting and
closing function and our reputation for certainty of
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S-2
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execution, enable us to periodically source transactions outside
of a competitive bidding process. Our average quarterly
investment volume since the third quarter of 2005 is
approximately $180 million.
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Experienced Senior Management Team. Our
senior management team has worked together for more than
10 years. Since our initial public offering in March 2004,
we have purchased more than $1.5 billion of single tenant
properties. Since 1996, we have originated and underwritten more
than $4.0 billion in single tenant transactions, involving
more than 500 properties with more than 75 underlying tenants.
During this
11-year
period, we have experienced only one loan default and
foreclosure on the loans and properties we have originated and
underwritten.
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Financing Expertise. We have
substantial experience in financing and securitizing net lease
assets. We have developed and continue to enhance financing
structures that enable us to finance a portion of our owned
properties through our collateralized debt obligation, or CDO,
transactions, thus driving down our cost of financing.
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Market Expertise. We have recognized
expertise in the net lease marketplace. In February 2005, we
received a U.S. patent for our
10-year
credit tenant loan product. In addition to serving as one of our
loan products, we use this product to create additional leverage
on many of our owned property investments. We have worked
extensively with S&P and Moodys to develop ratings
criteria for net lease financing, and continue to provide
ongoing advice and assistance to these rating agencies on net
lease financing issues. We also developed the specialized lease
enhancement mechanisms that are now market standard for net
lease lending transactions.
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Our
Portfolio
As of March 31, 2007 and including the impact of the
EntreCap Portfolio, the carry value before depreciation and
amortization of our portfolio was approximately
$2.0 billion. We believe the strength of our real estate
portfolio is exhibited by the following:
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approximately $1.6 billion of owned properties;
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approximately 10.3 million rentable square feet with 99.9%
occupancy;
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61 properties in 26 states leased to 32 different tenants;
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no tenant represents more than 8.4% of the portfolio, except the
United States Government which represents 10.7% of the portfolio;
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well diversified portfolio by property type, geography, tenant
and tenant industry;
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approximately $455.6 million of primarily mortgage loan and
other debt investments;
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87% investment grade or implied investment grade underlying
tenants (approximately $1.8 billion);
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weighted average underlying tenant credit rating of A-; and
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weighted average underlying tenant remaining lease term of
approximately 12 years.
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Selected
Financials and Funds From Operations
The following selected historical financial data are derived
from the consolidated financial statements of Capital Lease
Funding, Inc. The financial statements for the two years ended
December 31, 2006 have been audited by
McGladrey & Pullen LLP, independent registered public
accounting firm. All funds from operations data is unaudited.
The data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements, related notes, and other financial
information incorporated by reference herein. Presentation for
the year ended December 31, 2006 has been adjusted to
reflect our reclassification of the Cott Corporation
manufacturing/distribution facility in Reading, Pennsylvania to
discontinued operations. This
S-3
historical data does not include any impact from the EntreCap
Portfolio, which we acquired on April 18, 2007.
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For the Three
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Year Ended
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Months Ended
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December 31,
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March 31, 2007
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2006
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2005
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(unaudited)
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(Amounts in thousands,
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except per share amounts)
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Income Statement
Data
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Revenues:
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Rental revenue
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$
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24,122
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$
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78,477
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$
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37,956
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Interest income from loans and
securities
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8,401
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32,469
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27,898
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Property expense recoveries
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2,492
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8,828
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6,272
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Gains on sale of mortgage loans
and securities
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2,923
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447
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Other revenue
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149
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1,903
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479
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Total revenues
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35,164
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124,600
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73,052
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Expenses:
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Interest expense
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19,051
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63,212
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31,398
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Property expenses
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4,320
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15,889
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10,441
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(Gain) loss on derivatives
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11
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(413
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(159
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Loss on securities
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907
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2,372
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General and administrative expenses
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2,610
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9,772
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10,140
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General and administrative
expenses stock based compensation
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323
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2,621
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2,235
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Depreciation and amortization
expense on real property
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8,203
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25,378
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11,273
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Loan processing expenses
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73
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268
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283
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Total expenses
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34,591
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117,634
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67,983
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Income before minority interest
and taxes
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573
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6,966
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5,069
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Minority interest in consolidated
entities
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1
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(17
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55
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Income from continuing operations
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574
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6,949
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5,124
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Income from discontinued operations
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44
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300
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6
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Net income
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|
618
|
|
|
|
7,249
|
|
|
|
5,130
|
|
Dividends allocable to preferred
shares
|
|
|
(711
|
)
|
|
|
(2,844
|
)
|
|
|
(561
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) allocable to
common stockholders
|
|
$
|
(93
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,405
|
|
|
$
|
4,569
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per common share, basic
and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
|
$
|
0.16
|
|
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding, basic
|
|
|
34,122
|
|
|
|
31,939
|
|
|
|
27,784
|
|
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding, diluted
|
|
|
34,122
|
|
|
|
31,941
|
|
|
|
27,784
|
|
Dividends declared per common share
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
|
$
|
0.80
|
|
|
$
|
0.74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends declared per preferred
share
|
|
$
|
0.50781
|
|
|
$
|
2.03125
|
|
|
$
|
0.48524
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities
|
|
$
|
4,531
|
|
|
$
|
(5,143
|
)
|
|
$
|
(17,111
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing
activities
|
|
$
|
(55,138
|
)
|
|
$
|
(137,341
|
)
|
|
$
|
(675,408
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing
activities
|
|
$
|
56,226
|
|
|
$
|
133,636
|
|
|
$
|
681,114
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations
|
|
$
|
8,152
|
|
|
$
|
29,873
|
|
|
$
|
15,842
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations per share
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
$
|
0.93
|
|
|
$
|
0.57
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations (FFO) is a non-GAAP financial measure. We
believe FFO is a useful additional measure of our performance
because it facilitates an understanding of our operating
performance after
S-4
adjustment for real estate depreciation, a non-cash expense
which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes
predictably over time. In addition, we believe that FFO provides
useful information to the investment community about our
financial performance as compared to other REITs, since FFO is
generally recognized as an industry standard for measuring the
operating performance of an equity REIT.
We calculate FFO consistent with the NAREIT definition, or net
income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or
losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and
amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated
partnerships and joint ventures. FFO as calculated by us may not
be comparable to FFO calculations by REITs that do not define
the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or
that interpret the definition differently.
The following is a reconciliation of our net income to FFO:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except
|
|
|
|
per share amounts)
|
|
|
Net income allocable to common
stockholders
|
|
$
|
(93
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,405
|
|
|
$
|
4,569
|
|
Adjustments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add: Minority interest
OP units
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization
expense on real property
|
|
|
8,203
|
|
|
|
25,378
|
|
|
|
11,273
|
|
Add: Depreciation and amortization
expense on discontinued operations
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations
|
|
$
|
8,152
|
|
|
$
|
29,873
|
|
|
$
|
15,842
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding, diluted
|
|
|
34,122
|
|
|
|
31,941
|
|
|
|
27,784
|
|
Weighted average number of OP
units outstanding
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common
shares and OP units outstanding, diluted
|
|
|
34,385
|
|
|
|
32,086
|
|
|
|
27,784
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per common share, basic
and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.14
|
|
|
$
|
0.16
|
|
Funds from operations per share
|
|
$
|
0.24
|
|
|
$
|
0.93
|
|
|
$
|
0.57
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations include the
following amounts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain on sale of mortgage loans and
securities
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,923
|
|
|
$
|
447
|
|
Depreciation on real estate
investments consolidated under FIN 46
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
935
|
|
S-5
The
Offering
|
|
|
Common stock offered by us |
|
9,000,000 shares(1) |
|
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering |
|
43,504,193 shares(2) |
|
Listing |
|
Our common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol LSE. |
|
Use of proceeds |
|
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the common
stock to repay a portion of the short-term borrowings we
incurred in connection with our acquisition of the EntreCap
Portfolio. |
|
Risk factors |
|
See Risk Factors beginning on
page S-7
of this prospectus supplement, at Item 1A of our Annual
Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, and at
Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, to read
about certain risks you should consider before buying shares of
our common stock. |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Excludes up to 1,350,000 shares of our common stock that we
may issue and sell upon exercise of the underwriters
over-allotment option. |
|
(2) |
|
Includes 91,132 shares issued after March 31, 2007 pursuant
to our dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan. Excludes
up to 1,350,000 shares of our common stock that we may
issue and sell upon exercise of the underwriters
over-allotment option. Also excludes an aggregate of
926,255 shares of common stock reserved for issuance from
time to time pursuant to our 2004 stock incentive plan (the
stock plan), an aggregate of 263,157 shares of
common stock reserved for issuance upon conversion of units of
limited partnership of our operating partnership, Caplease, LP,
and an aggregate of 4,908,386 shares of common stock
reserved for issuance from time to time pursuant to our dividend
reinvestment and stock purchase plan. |
S-6
RISK
FACTORS
The information in this section and the more detailed
information under the caption Item 1A. Risk
Factors in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 and our
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007, which is
incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement,
replace the information in the Risk Factors section
beginning on page 3 of the accompanying prospectus.
An investment in our common stock involves certain risks,
including those described below and those described at
Item 1A of our Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2006, and at Item 1A
of our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2007. Before you
invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider these
risks, together with the other information contained in or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus.
Risks
Related to EntreCap Portfolio
|
|
|
|
|
Certain of the properties in the EntreCap Portfolio are subject
to leases with rents significantly above market. For example,
the current rent on the Travelers Corporation property is
approximately $47 per square foot, while market rent in
Hartford, Connecticut for similar buildings is approximately
$12 per square foot. The rental rate we are able to secure
upon renewal or re-leasing these properties is expected to be
significantly lower than our current rent.
|
|
|
|
Certain of the properties in the EntreCap Portfolio, including
the Travelers Corporation property, are subject to leases that
expire within the next two to five years. It may be difficult to
re-lease these properties at the end of the lease term, and the
terms of any such re-lease may be less favorable to us than the
current lease terms.
|
Risks
Related to Operations
|
|
|
|
|
The markets in which we compete for investments are highly
competitive and our pace of investment activity continues to be
impacted by competitive conditions. If our pace of investment
activity does not match market expectations the market price of
our stock could be adversely affected.
|
|
|
|
We conduct a significant part of our business with Wachovia
Bank, N.A. and its affiliates, and their continued business with
us is not guaranteed.
|
|
|
|
The level of our common stock dividend is established by our
board of directors from time to time based on a variety of
factors, and if we lower our dividend, the market value of our
common stock may decline.
|
Risks
Related to Portfolio Assets
|
|
|
|
|
We invest in single tenant properties, so a default by a single
tenant could result in a complete reduction in the cash flows
from that investment
and/or a
reduction in the value of our investment.
|
|
|
|
We make portfolio investments based on the financial strength of
the underlying tenant. Therefore, an adverse change in the
financial condition of one or more tenants underlying our
investments could have a material adverse impact on us.
|
|
|
|
We are subject to tenant credit concentrations that make us more
susceptible to adverse events with respect to certain tenants,
including, as of March 31, 2007, the United States
Government, TJX Companies, Inc., Lowes Companies Inc. and
Aon Corporation.
|
|
|
|
We are subject to tenant industry concentrations that make us
more susceptible to adverse events with respect to certain
industries, including, as of March 31, 2007, concentrations
in the insurance, retail department stores, retail home
improvements, retail drug and banking industries.
|
S-7
|
|
|
|
|
We are subject to geographic concentrations that make us more
susceptible to adverse events in these areas, including, as of
March 31, 2007, concentrations in the Chicago, Illinois;
Washington, D.C.; New York City/Northern New Jersey;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Southern California; and Dallas,
Texas metropolitan areas.
|
|
|
|
Our investments in assets backed by below investment grade
credits have a greater risk of default.
|
|
|
|
When we invest in a loan or property where the underlying tenant
does not have a publicly available credit rating, we rely on our
own estimates of the tenants credit rating, and if
S&P or Moodys disagrees with our ratings estimates,
we may not be able to obtain our desired level of leverage
and/or our
financing costs may exceed those that we projected.
|
Risks
Related to Ownership of Real Estate
|
|
|
|
|
Bankruptcy laws will limit our remedies if a tenant becomes
bankrupt and rejects our lease.
|
|
|
|
The success of our owned properties business will depend on our
ability to obtain third-party management for the real properties
we purchase.
|
|
|
|
For certain of our owned properties, we are responsible for
operating costs of the property, and operating expenses of those
properties could reduce our cash flow and funds available for
future dividends.
|
|
|
|
We have greater exposure to operating costs when we invest in
owned properties leased to the United States Government.
|
|
|
|
We may not be able to renew our leases or re-lease our
properties.
|
|
|
|
It may be difficult for us to buy and sell real estate quickly.
|
|
|
|
An uninsured loss or a loss that exceeds the insurance policy
limits on our owned properties could subject us to lost capital
or revenue on those properties.
|
|
|
|
Noncompliance with environmental laws could adversely affect our
financial condition and operating results.
|
|
|
|
As an owner of real property (including any real property we may
acquire upon foreclosure), we are subject to various additional
risks not otherwise discussed in these risk factors and
generally incident to the ownership of the real estate,
including (i) civil unrest, earthquakes, floods and other
natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, (ii) adverse
changes in national and local economic and market conditions,
(iii) the costs of complying or fines or damages as a
result of non-compliance with the Americans with Disabilities
Act, (iv) changes in governmental laws and regulations,
fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of
compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and
ordinances, and (v) the ongoing need for capital
improvements, particularly in older structures.
|
Risks
Related to Debt Assets
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2007, our CMBS investments included
approximately $51.1 million of below investment grade bond
classes, and, generally, these classes represent subordinate
classes of the securitization pool, meaning that we hold the
first loss position or a near first loss
position in the event of losses on the assets within the pool.
|
|
|
|
Our mortgage loan investments are non-recourse obligations of
the property owner and, in the event the tenant fails to make
its lease payments, recovery of our investment will depend upon
the liquidation value of the underlying real property, which may
be adversely affected by risks generally incident to interests
in real property.
|
S-8
|
|
|
|
|
A casualty loss on the property underlying our mortgage loan
could result in rent payments on the related lease terminating,
and a loss of some or all of our investment.
|
|
|
|
Our collateral rights under our
10-year
credit tenant loan program are limited.
|
|
|
|
We make mezzanine and other generally subordinate investments,
and these investments involve a higher degree of risk than our
first mortgage loans.
|
|
|
|
We make investments in franchise loans to YUM! Brands
franchisees, and these investments expose us to various unique
risks, including the risk of adverse events with respect to the
relevant YUM! Brands franchise
and/or the
underlying franchisees business.
|
|
|
|
We make investments in development loans that involve a higher
degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage loans secured by
income-producing real property.
|
|
|
|
Fluctuating interest rates may adversely affect the quantity of
net lease loan assets we can originate.
|
|
|
|
Unscheduled principal payments on our loans could adversely
affect our financial condition and operating results.
|
|
|
|
If any of the assets we originate or acquire and sell or pledge
to obtain long-term financing do not comply with representations
and warranties that we make about certain characteristics of the
assets, the borrowers and the underlying properties, we may be
required to repurchase those assets or replace them with
substitute assets or indemnify persons for losses or expenses
incurred as a result of a breach of a representation or warranty.
|
|
|
|
The success of our loan business will depend upon our ability to
service effectively, or to obtain effective third-party
servicing for, the loans we invest in.
|
|
|
|
Maintenance of our Investment Company Act of 1940 exemption
imposes limits on our operations.
|
Risks
Related to Borrowings
|
|
|
|
|
A key component of our strategy is to borrow against, or
leverage, our assets, which subjects us to increased risk of
loss because (i) we will rely on the cash flows from the
assets financed to fund our debt service requirements and a
default on rent payments will require us to fund our debt
service requirements from other sources, (ii) to the extent
we have financed our assets under our variable rate short-term
borrowing facilities, our debt service requirements will
increase as short-term rates rise, (iii) our lenders will
have a first priority claim on the collateral we pledge and the
right to foreclose on the collateral if we default, and
(iv) our short-term borrowing facilities are fully recourse
lending arrangements.
|
|
|
|
We price our assets at origination or acquisition based on our
assumptions about our expected financing costs, and if our
actual cost to finance our assets increases over our assumptions
between the time we commit to purchase the asset and when we
obtain long-term financing, the profit or spread we expected to
earn on the asset and our overall portfolio will erode.
|
|
|
|
Our financial projections reflect our assumptions about timing,
cost and other terms of long-term financing of our assets
acquired. If we are subject to significant delays in obtaining
such financing or our actual costs or other terms for such
financing differ significantly from those projected, our actual
result could be adversely affected.
|
|
|
|
We may not be able to secure long-term financing for our assets.
|
|
|
|
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt
financing, including the risk that our cash flows will be
insufficient to meet required principal and interest payments
and the risk that we will be unable to refinance our existing
indebtedness, or that the terms of such refinancing will not be
as favorable as the terms of our existing indebtedness.
|
S-9
|
|
|
|
|
Hedging transactions may not effectively protect us against
anticipated risks and may subject us to other risks and costs.
|
|
|
|
We may fail to qualify for hedge accounting treatment.
|
|
|
|
Our existing short-term borrowing facilities are uncommitted, as
the lender must agree to each asset financed, and we cannot
assure you that we will be able to finance assets on these
facilities at any given time.
|
|
|
|
Our short-term financings may expose us to interest rate risks
and margin calls.
|
|
|
|
The use of CDO financings with coverage tests may have a
negative impact on our operating results and cash flows.
|
Risks
Related to Lease Enhancements
|
|
|
|
|
Our lease enhancement mechanisms may fail.
|
|
|
|
We depend on our insurance carriers to provide and honor lease
enhancements.
|
|
|
|
We may fail to analyze leases adequately or apply appropriate
lease enhancement mechanisms.
|
Risks
Related to Business Strategy and Policies and Our Common
Stock
|
|
|
|
|
We face significant competition that could harm our business.
|
|
|
|
Our network of independent mortgage brokers and investment sale
brokers are not contractually obligated to do business with us,
and may sell investment opportunities to our competitors.
|
|
|
|
Our joint venture investments will expose us to certain risks,
including that we will not exercise sole decision-making
authority regarding any property owned jointly with a third
party.
|
|
|
|
Our ability to grow our business will be limited by our ability
to attract debt or equity financing, and we may have difficulty
accessing capital on attractive terms.
|
|
|
|
Future offerings of debt and equity may adversely affect the
market price of our common stock.
|
|
|
|
We may fail to maintain our rapid growth.
|
|
|
|
We may fail to manage our anticipated growth.
|
|
|
|
Temporary investment in short-term investments may adversely
affect our results.
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2006, approximately 45.3% of our common
stock was owned by six unrelated institutional investors (based
on SEC filings made by these investors), and this concentration
of ownership could have an adverse impact on the value of your
investment.
|
|
|
|
Our board of directors may change our investment and operational
policies without stockholder consent.
|
|
|
|
The federal income tax laws governing REITs are complex, and our
failure to qualify as a REIT under the federal tax laws will
result in adverse tax consequences.
|
|
|
|
Our charter generally prohibits any person from directly or
indirectly owning more than 9.9% in value or in number,
whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of
common stock, or 9.9% in value or number, whichever is more
restrictive, of our outstanding shares of stock.
|
|
|
|
Provisions of our charter and bylaws and Maryland law may limit
the ability of a third-party to acquire control of us.
|
|
|
|
Increased market interest rates may reduce the value of our
stock, and the market price for our stock may vary substantially.
|
|
|
|
We depend on our key personnel, and there is no guarantee that
any of them will remain in our employ.
|
S-10
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We expect to receive approximately
$ million from this offering
(or approximately $ million
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions
and estimated offering expenses. We expect to use these net
proceeds to repay a portion of the $210.3 million of the
short-term borrowings we incurred in connection with our
acquisition of the EntreCap Portfolio. Wachovia Bank, N.A. is
our lender of these funds and, therefore, will receive all of
the net proceeds of this offering. Wachovia Bank, N.A. is an
affiliate of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, one of the joint
bookrunning managers and representatives of the underwriters in
this offering.
The borrowings we intend to repay are scheduled to mature on
July 16, 2007, although we may extend the maturity date
until August 30, 2007 upon payment of an extension fee of
0.50% of the amount outstanding.
During the initial term, these borrowings will bear interest at
prevailing short-term interest rates
(30-day
LIBOR plus 250 basis points). During any extended term, the
interest rate on these borrowings will increase to
30-day LIBOR
plus 350 basis points. As of April 30, 2007, the
interest rate on these borrowings was 7.82%.
S-11
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
on a historical, unaudited basis;
|
|
|
|
on a pro forma basis giving effect to the acquisition of the
EntreCap Portfolio; and
|
|
|
|
on a pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to the above
portfolio acquisition as well as to the issuance and sale of
9,000,000 shares of our common stock in this offering and
the application of the net proceeds as described under Use
of Proceeds, assuming no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
as Adjusted
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
Debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgages on real estate
investments
|
|
$
|
829,580
|
|
|
$
|
988,897
|
|
|
$
|
988,897
|
|
Collateralized debt obligations
|
|
|
268,199
|
|
|
|
268,199
|
|
|
|
268,199
|
|
Repurchase agreement and other
short-term financing obligations
|
|
|
224,427
|
|
|
|
224,427
|
|
|
|
224,427
|
|
Bridge Facility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
210,273
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other long-term debt
|
|
|
30,930
|
|
|
|
30,930
|
|
|
|
30,930
|
|
Stockholders
equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.01 par
value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, Series A
cumulative redeemable preferred, liquidation preference
$25.00 per share, 1,400,000 shares issued and
outstanding
|
|
|
33,657
|
|
|
|
33,657
|
|
|
|
33,657
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par
value, 500,000,000 shares authorized,
34,413,061 shares issued and outstanding, historical and
pro forma, and 43,413,061 shares issued and outstanding,
pro forma as adjusted
|
|
|
344
|
|
|
|
344
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
271,268
|
|
|
|
271,268
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive
(loss) income
|
|
|
(4,114
|
)
|
|
|
(4,114
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
301,155
|
|
|
|
301,155
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$
|
1,654,291
|
|
|
$
|
2,023,881
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S-12
THE
COMPANY
Overview
We are a diversified real estate investment trust, or REIT, that
invests primarily in single tenant commercial real estate assets
subject to long-term leases to high credit quality tenants. We
focus on properties that are subject to a net lease, or a lease
that requires the tenant to pay all or substantially all
expenses normally associated with the ownership of the property
(such as utilities, taxes, insurance and routine maintenance)
during the lease term. We also continue to be opportunistic and
have made and expect to continue to make investments in single
tenant properties where the owner has exposure to property
expenses when we determine we can sufficiently underwrite that
exposure and isolate a predictable cash flow.
Our primary business objective is to generate stable, long-term
and attractive returns based on the spread between the yields
generated by our assets and the cost of financing our portfolio.
While owned properties comprise approximately 78% of our current
portfolio, we have the expertise and ability to invest at all
levels of the capital structure of net lease or other single
tenant properties, including equity investments in real estate
(owned real properties), debt investments (mortgage loans and
net lease mortgage backed securities) and mezzanine investments
secured by net leased or other single tenant real estate
collateral.
Our current portfolio produces stable, high quality cash flows
generated by long-term leases to primarily investment grade
tenants. Tenants underlying our investments are primarily large
public companies or their significant operating subsidiaries and
governmental entities with investment grade credit ratings,
defined as a published senior unsecured credit rating of
BBB-/Baa3 or above from one or both of Standard &
Poors Corporation (S&P) and Moodys
Investors Service (Moodys). We also imply an
investment grade credit rating for tenants that are not publicly
rated by S&P or Moodys but (i) are 100% owned by
an investment grade parent, (ii) for which we have obtained
a private investment grade rating from either S&P or
Moodys, or (iii) are governmental entity branches or
units of another investment grade rated governmental entity.
As of March 31, 2007 and including the EntreCap Portfolio,
our investment portfolio had a carry value before depreciation
and amortization of approximately $2.0 billion, and
included the following assets by type:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned properties
|
|
$
|
1,570,482
|
|
|
|
77.6
|
%
|
Debt investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term mortgage loans
|
|
|
230,046
|
|
|
|
11.2
|
%
|
Corporate credit notes
|
|
|
33,079
|
|
|
|
1.6
|
%
|
Mezzanine and other investments
|
|
|
7,027
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
%
|
Commercial mortgage-backed and
other real estate securities
|
|
|
182,334
|
|
|
|
9.0
|
%
|
Other
|
|
|
3,093
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,026,060
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We conduct our business through two operating segments:
operating real estate (including our investments in owned real
properties), and lending investments (including our loan
investments as well as our investments in securities).
S-13
Recent
Developments
Acquisition
of EntreCap Portfolio
On April 18, 2007, we completed the acquisition of the
EntreCap Portfolio, a portfolio of 18 real estate assets net
leased to five different tenants. The purchase price for the
assets was $364.4 million, including $159.3 million of
assumed mortgage debt. The portfolio includes the following
assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
Property
|
|
Square
|
|
|
Lease
|
|
Tenant or Guarantor
|
|
Rating(1)
|
|
|
Properties
|
|
|
Location
|
|
Type
|
|
Feet
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Nestlé Holdings, Inc.(2)
|
|
|
AAA
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
Breinigsville, Pennsylvania;
|
|
Warehouse/
|
|
|
2,560,351
|
|
|
|
12/2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fort Wayne, Indiana; and
|
|
Distribution
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lathrop, California
|
|
Facilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Kroger Co.(3)
|
|
|
BBB−
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
Various locations in
|
|
Grocery Stores
|
|
|
685,135
|
|
|
|
1/2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kentucky (five),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Georgia (four) and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tennessee (two)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Factory Mutual Insurance Company(4)
|
|
|
BBB
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
Johnston, Rhode Island
|
|
Office Building
|
|
|
345,842
|
|
|
|
7/2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qwest Business Resources, Inc.(5)
|
|
|
BB
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
Omaha, Nebraska
|
|
Office Buildings
|
|
|
419,645
|
|
|
|
6/2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Travelers Corporation(6)
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
Hartford, Connecticut
|
|
Office Building
|
|
|
130,000
|
|
|
|
10/2011
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Reflects underlying tenants
or lease guarantors actual or implied S&P rating.
|
|
(2)
|
|
We acquired the improvements on the
land and control the land through an estate for years that
expires in December 2012. Upon expiration of the estate for
years, we have the option to lease the land for five years plus
11 five-year renewal options (or, a total of 60 years) at a
fixed annual rent of $1,120 for the first 40 years and
market rent thereafter. We also have the option to purchase the
land upon expiration of the estate for years in December 2012
and on the last day of the primary term and each renewal term of
the ground lease at fair market value.
|
|
(3)
|
|
We acquired the improvements on the
land and control the land through an estate for years that
expires in January 2022. Upon expiration of the estate for
years, we have the option to lease the land for five years plus
11 five-year renewal options (or, a total of 60 years) at a
fixed annual rent of $770,000 for the first 35 years and
market rent thereafter. We also have the option to purchase the
land upon expiration of the estate for years in January 2022 and
on the last day of the primary term and each renewal term of the
ground lease at fair market value.
|
|
(4)
|
|
We acquired the improvements on the
land and control the land through a ground lease with an initial
term expiring in July 2009. We can renew the ground lease for 10
successive five year periods (or, through July 2059). The annual
ground rent is approximately $114,774 during the initial term
and the first eight renewal terms. The annual ground rent during
the final two renewal terms is the greater of (i) $114,774
and (ii) the fair market rent.
|
|
(5)
|
|
We acquired the improvements on the
land and control the land through an estate for years that
expires in June 2010. We own two buildings, 1200 Landmark and
94 West Dodge. Upon expiration of the estate for years, we
have the option to lease the relevant land for five years plus
12 five-year renewal options (or, a total of 65 years), at
a fixed annual rent of approximately $262,800 for the first
40 years and market rent thereafter with respect to the
1200 Landmark building, and at a fixed annual rent of $116,800
for the first 40 years and market rent thereafter with
respect to the 94 West Dodge building. We also have the
option to purchase the relevant land upon expiration of the
estate for years in June 2010 and on the last day of the primary
term and each renewal term of the ground lease at fair market
value.
|
|
(6)
|
|
We own the improvements and control
the air space through an easement in perpetuity.
|
S-14
Assumed
Debt Associated with EntreCap Portfolio
The following summarizes certain terms of the debt we assumed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal Amount
|
|
|
Coupon
|
|
|
Maturity
|
Property
|
|
Indebtedness
|
|
as of April 18,
2007
|
|
|
Rate
|
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nestlé Holdings, Inc.
|
|
Series A Mortgage Notes
|
|
$
|
14,539
|
|
|
|
8.484%
|
|
|
January 2009
|
Nestlé Holdings, Inc.
|
|
Series B Mortgage Notes
|
|
|
46,459
|
|
|
|
8.654%
|
|
|
July 2012
|
The Kroger Co.
|
|
Mortgage Notes
|
|
|
41,562
|
|
|
|
8.03%
|
|
|
January 2019
|
Factory Mutual Insurance Company
|
|
Second Mortgage Notes(1)
|
|
|
12,168
|
|
|
|
10.00%
|
|
|
August 2019
|
Qwest Business Resources, Inc.
|
|
Mortgage Notes
|
|
|
10,961
|
|
|
|
8.05%
|
|
|
January 2010
|
The Travelers Corporation
|
|
Series M Mortgage Notes
|
|
|
22,082
|
|
|
|
9.7978%
|
|
|
September 2011
|
The Travelers Corporation
|
|
Series Z Mortgage Notes
|
|
|
11,546
|
|
|
|
10.7561%
|
|
|
October 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
159,317
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
We also defeased first mortgage
notes with an outstanding principal balance of $12,963 at
closing of the acquisition, at a total cost of $13,919.
|
The debt we assumed is customary third party mortgage debt that
is non recourse but is secured by our interest in the respective
properties and our lease with the respective tenant.
We expect to refinance substantially all of the debt we assumed
within a few months.
Bridge
Debt
In order to fund a portion of the purchase price of the above
acquisition, we borrowed $210.3 million under a new
short-term credit agreement with Wachovia Bank, N.A. (the
Bridge Facility). Wachovia Bank, N.A. is an
affiliate of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, one of the joint
bookrunning managers and representatives of the underwriters in
this offering. Our operating partnership, Caplease, LP, is the
borrower under the Bridge Facility, and our parent company,
Capital Lease Funding, Inc., and various of its other
subsidiaries are guarantors.
The Bridge Facility has an initial term of 90 days that we
may extend for an additional 45 days upon payment of an
extension fee of 0.50% of the amount outstanding. We can repay
our borrowings in whole or in part at any time (subject to a
$2.0 million minimum) without any penalty or premium. We
are required to repay the Bridge Facility with the net proceeds
from any debt or equity issuance by our parent company or any of
its subsidiaries, other than special purpose subsidiaries that
we may form from time to time in connection with the acquisition
of additional real estate properties other than the portfolio.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to repay a
portion of our borrowings under the Bridge Facility.
During the initial term, our borrowings under the Bridge
Facility will bear interest at prevailing short-term interest
rates
(30-day
LIBOR plus 250 basis points). During any extended term, the
interest rate on our borrowings will increase to
30-day LIBOR
plus 350 basis points. We funded the estimated amount of
our interest cost on the Bridge Facility into a reserve account
at Wachovia Bank. We paid Wachovia Bank fees in connection with
the Bridge Facility of $2.6 million.
Our borrowings under the Bridge Facility are secured by a pledge
of substantially all of our unencumbered assets, including the
equity interest in the subsidiary that indirectly owns the
portfolio of properties. The Bridge Facility is a fully recourse
lending arrangement.
We have agreed to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not
less than 1.25 to 1.00 during the term of the Bridge Facility.
We also made customary representations and warranties and
affirmative and negative covenants, and agreed to customary
events of defaults. The Bridge Facility is cross-defaulted with
our repurchase agreement and our real property acquisition
facility with Wachovia Bank or its affiliates.
S-15
Investment
Strategy
We focus on the following core business strategies:
|
|
|
|
|
Investing in High Quality Cash
Flows. We invest primarily in owned real
properties and real estate loans where the underlying tenant is
of high credit quality. As of March 31, 2007 and including
the EntreCap Portfolio, our top ten credit exposures had a
weighted average credit rating of A+. As of March 31, 2007
and including the EntreCap Portfolio, our portfolio had the
following credit characteristics:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit Rating(1)
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment grade rating of
A− or A3 and above
|
|
$
|
811,916
|
|
|
|
40.2
|
%
|
Investment grade rating of below
A− or A3
|
|
|
645,246
|
|
|
|
31.8
|
%
|
Implied investment grade rating
|
|
|
308,325
|
|
|
|
15.2
|
%
|
Non-investment grade rating
|
|
|
253,546
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
%
|
Unrated(2)
|
|
|
7,027
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,026,060
|
|
|
|
100.00
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Four of our owned real properties
with an aggregate carry value before depreciation and
amortization of $251,903 are leased to more than one tenant and,
for purposes of determining the underlying tenants credit
rating on these properties, we have considered the credit rating
of only our primary tenant.
|
|
(2)
|
|
Includes our mezzanine and other
investments component of our debt investments. While the tenants
on the underlying properties may be rated by S&P
and/or
Moodys, we classify these investments as unrated because
of the subordinated nature of our investment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-Term Assets Held for
Investment. We invest in commercial real
estate assets subject to long-term leases. As of March 31,
2007 and including the EntreCap Portfolio, the weighted average
underlying tenant remaining lease term on our portfolio was
approximately 12 years. We intend to hold our assets for
the long-term, capturing the stable cash flows that will be
produced from the underlying high credit quality tenants. On a
limited and opportunistic basis, we also continue to acquire and
promptly resell assets through our taxable REIT subsidiary.
|
|
|
|
Flexible Investment Approach. We have
the expertise and ability to invest at all levels of the capital
structure of net lease or other single tenant properties. As of
March 31, 2007 and including the EntreCap Portfolio, owned
real properties comprised approximately 78% of our portfolio.
Our target is to maintain a portfolio mix of 75% to 90% owned
real estate, and 10% to 25% mortgage loan and other debt
investments.
|
|
|
|
Stringent Underwriting Process. We
maintain a comprehensive underwriting and due diligence process
that is overseen by our investment committee, which consists of
six of our key employees, including the chief executive officer,
president, chief financial officer and chief investment officer.
Our investment committee formally reviews and approves each
transaction prior to funding. We also have an investment
oversight committee of the Board of Directors that approves
investments in excess of $50 million.
|
|
|
|
Finance with Long-Term Fixed Rate
Debt. We seek to borrow against, or leverage,
our assets with long-term fixed rate debt, effectively locking
in the spread we expect to generate on our assets. Our financing
strategy allows us to invest in a greater number of assets and
enhance our asset returns. Our target leverage is 75% to 85% of
our assets in portfolio. We believe this leverage level is
conservative given the high credit quality of the underlying
tenants and the length and quality of the related leases.
|
S-16
Our
Competitive Strengths
|
|
|
|
|
Established Investment Capabilities. We
have an experienced in-house team of investment professionals
and underwriters that source, structure, underwrite and close
our transactions. In addition, we have developed an extensive
national network of property owners, investment sale brokers,
tenants, borrowers, mortgage brokers, lenders, institutional
investors and other market participants that helps us to
identify a variety of single tenant investment opportunities.
This extensive network along with our efficient underwriting and
closing function and our reputation for certainty of execution,
enable us to periodically source transactions outside of a
competitive bidding process. Our average quarterly investment
volume since the third quarter of 2005 is approximately
$180 million.
|
|
|
|
Experienced Senior Management Team. Our
senior management team has worked together for more than
10 years. Since our initial public offering in March 2004,
we have purchased more than $1.5 billion of single tenant
properties. Since 1996, we have originated and underwritten more
than $4.0 billion in single tenant transactions, involving
more than 500 properties with more than 75 underlying
tenants. During this
10-year
period, we have experienced only one loan default and
foreclosure on the loans and properties we have originated and
underwritten.
|
|
|
|
Financing Expertise. We have
substantial experience in financing and securitizing net lease
assets. We have developed and continue to enhance financing
structures that enable us to finance a portion of our owned
properties through our collateralized debt obligation, or CDO,
transactions, thus driving down our cost of financing. During
2005, we completed what we believe was the first ever 100% fixed
rate real estate primarily whole loan CDO. We financed an
approximately $300 million pool of net lease mortgage loans
and securities, with 85% of the obligations rated AAA/Aaa by
S&P/Moodys, and 95% of the obligations rated
investment grade by S&P/Moodys. Prior to our initial
public offering in 2004, we structured four
gain-on-sale
securitizations aggregating $1.5 billion.
|
|
|
|
Market Expertise. We have recognized
expertise in the net lease marketplace. In February 2005, we
received a U.S. patent for our
10-year
credit tenant loan product. In addition to serving as one of our
loan products, we use this product to create additional leverage
on many of our owned property investments. We have worked
extensively with S&P and Moodys to develop ratings
criteria for net lease financing, and continue to provide
ongoing advice and assistance to these rating agencies on net
lease financing issues. We also developed the specialized lease
enhancement mechanisms that are now market standard for net
lease lending transactions.
|
Our
Portfolio
We invest primarily in single tenant commercial real estate
assets subject to long-term leases to high credit quality
tenants. As of March 31, 2007 and including the impact of
the EntreCap Portfolio, the carry value before depreciation and
amortization of our portfolio was approximately
$2.0 billion. We believe the strength of our real estate
portfolio is exhibited by the following:
|
|
|
|
|
approximately $1.6 billion of owned properties;
|
|
|
|
|
|
approximately 10.3 million rentable square feet with 99.9%
occupancy;
|
|
|
|
61 properties in 26 states leased to 32 different tenants;
|
|
|
|
no tenant represents more than 8.4% of the portfolio, except the
United States Government which represents 10.7% of the portfolio;
|
|
|
|
well diversified portfolio by property type, geography, tenant
and tenant industry;
|
|
|
|
|
|
approximately $455.6 million of primarily mortgage loan and
other debt investments;
|
|
|
|
87% investment grade or implied investment grade underlying
tenants (approximately $1.8 billion);
|
S-17
|
|
|
|
|
weighted average underlying tenant credit rating of
A−; and
|
|
|
|
weighted average underlying tenant remaining lease term of
approximately 12 years.
|
Below is a list of our top 10 tenant exposures as of
March 31, 2007, including the EntreCap Portfolio:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No. of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent of
|
|
Tenant or Guarantor
|
|
Rating(1)
|
|
Properties
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
US Government
|
|
AAA
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
216,111,288
|
|
|
|
10.7%
|
|
Nestle Holdings, Inc.
|
|
AAA
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
170,409,422
|
|
|
|
8.4%
|
|
TJX Companies, Inc.
|
|
A
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
93,016,336
|
|
|
|
4.6%
|
|
Lowes Companies, Inc.
|
|
A+
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
88,376,990
|
|
|
|
4.4%
|
|
Aon Corporation
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
86,802,678
|
|
|
|
4.3%
|
|
Tiffany & Co.
|
|
A−
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
77,640,115
|
|
|
|
3.8%
|
|
Koninklijke Ahold, N.V.
|
|
BB+
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
77,552,117
|
|
|
|
3.8%
|
|
AMVESCAP PLC
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
69,413,044
|
|
|
|
3.4%
|
|
The Kroger Co.
|
|
BBB−
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
64,037,486
|
|
|
|
3.2%
|
|
CVS Corporation
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
60,751,862
|
|
|
|
3.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average/Total
|
|
A+
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,004,111,339
|
|
|
|
49.6%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Reflects underlying tenants
or lease guarantors actual or implied S&P rating.
|
The following pie chart depicts the credit quality(1) of our
portfolio as of March 31, 2007 including the EntreCap
Portfolio.
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Reflects underlying tenants
or lease guarantors actual or implied S&P rating or
equivalent S&P rating if rated only by Moodys.
|
Owned
Properties
All of our equity investments in real estate have been made
since the closing of our initial public offering. We invest in
all commercial property types (e.g., office, retail or
industrial), and our investment underwriting includes an
analysis of the credit quality of the underlying tenant and the
strength of the related lease. We also analyze the
propertys real estate fundamentals, including location and
type of the property, vacancy rates and trends in vacancy rates
in the propertys market, rental rates within the
S-18
propertys market, recent sales prices and demographics in
the propertys market. We target properties that have one
or more of the following characteristics:
|
|
|
|
|
included in primary metropolitan markets such as New York/New
Jersey, Chicago and Washington D.C./Northern Virginia;
|
|
|
|
fungible asset type that will facilitate a re-let of the
property if the tenant does not renew;
|
|
|
|
barriers to entry in the propertys market, such as zoning
restrictions or limited land for future development; and
|
|
|
|
core facility of the tenant.
|
Our tenant industry concentrations expressed as a percentage of
our expected net revenue(1) from our owned property portfolio as
of March 31, 2007 and including the EntreCap Portfolio, are
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average Credit
|
|
Percent of
|
|
Industry
|
|
Rating(2)
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Insurance
|
|
A
|
|
|
26.8%
|
|
Food and Beverage
|
|
AA
|
|
|
14.7%
|
|
Government
|
|
AAA
|
|
|
13.4%
|
|
Grocery
|
|
BBB−
|
|
|
5.1%
|
|
Retail Department Stores
|
|
A
|
|
|
4.9%
|
|
Communications Services
|
|
BBB−
|
|
|
4.5%
|
|
Banking
|
|
BB+
|
|
|
4.1%
|
|
Investments
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
4.1%
|
|
Retail Jewelry
|
|
A−
|
|
|
4.0%
|
|
Engineering
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
3.0%
|
|
Hotel
|
|
BBB
|
|
|
2.9%
|
|
Building Materials
|
|
A+
|
|
|
2.8%
|
|
Healthcare
|
|
AA-
|
|
|
2.7%
|
|
Communications
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
1.7%
|
|
Automotive
|
|
A−
|
|
|
1.6%
|
|
Publishing
|
|
BBB+
|
|
|
1.2%
|
|
Telecommunication
|
|
A−
|
|
|
1.1%
|
|
Retail Drug
|
|
A−
|
|
|
1.1%
|
|
Medical Office
|
|
BBB
|
|
|
0.4%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average/Total
|
|
A
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Represents expected rental revenue
on a straight-line basis in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 13,
plus any expected additional rent (including expense
recoveries), less any expected property level expenses, over the
twelve month period from May 1, 2007 through April 30,
2008.
|
|
(2)
|
|
Reflects underlying tenants
or lease guarantors actual or implied S&P rating or
equivalent S&P rating if rated only by Moodys.
|
S-19
Fewer than 30% of the leases in our owned property portfolio are
scheduled to expire before 2014, as shown in the table that
follows(1):
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
As of March 31, 2007 including
the EntreCap Portfolio. Represents lease expiration dates as a
percentage of approximate carry value before depreciation and
amortization, or in the case of the EntreCap Portfolio, our
allocated purchase price.
|
The following is a tabular presentation of our owned property
portfolio as of March 31, 2007 including the EntreCap
Portfolio:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Square
|
|
|
Lease
|
|
|
2008 Estimated
|
|
|
Purchase
|
|
|
Carry
|
|
Tenant or Guarantor
|
|
Location
|
|
Feet
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Annual Rent(1)
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Value(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
Abbott Laboratories
|
|
Columbus, OH
|
|
|
111,776
|
|
|
|
10/2016
|
|
|
$
|
893
|
|
|
$
|
12,025
|
|
|
$
|
11,264
|
|
Abbott Laboratories
|
|
Waukegan, IL
|
|
|
131,341
|
|
|
|
8/2017
|
|
|
|
1,405
|
|
|
|
20,325
|
|
|
|
19,396
|
|
Aetna Life Insurance Company
|
|
Fresno, CA
|
|
|
122,605
|
|
|
|
11/2016
|
|
|
|
1,667
|
|
|
|
24,255
|
|
|
|
24,466
|
|
Allstate Insurance Company
|
|
Charlotte, NC
|
|
|
191,681
|
|
|
|
12/2015
|
|
|
|
1,964
|
|
|
|
27,172
|
|
|
|
26,064
|
|
Allstate Insurance Company
|
|
Roanoke, VA
|
|
|
165,808
|
|
|
|
12/2015
|
|
|
|
2,090
|
|
|
|
28,928
|
|
|
|
27,654
|
|
AmeriCredit Corp.
|
|
Arlington, TX
|
|
|
246,060
|
|
|
|
8/2017
|
|
|
|
3,024
|
|
|
|
43,000
|
|
|
|
43,032
|
|
AMVESCAP PLC
|
|
Denver, CO
|
|
|
263,770
|
|
|
|
10/2016
|
|
|
|
5,020
|
|
|
|
69,300
|
|
|
|
67,331
|
|
Aon Corporation(3)
|
|
Glenview, IL
|
|
|
412,409
|
|
|
|
4/2017
|
|
|
|
6,725
|
|
|
|
85,750
|
|
|
|
80,831
|
|
Baxter International, Inc.
|
|
Bloomington, IN
|
|
|
125,500
|
|
|
|
9/2016
|
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
|
10,500
|
|
|
|
10,130
|
|
Cadbury Schweppes Holdings (US)
|
|
Whippany, NJ
|
|
|
149,475
|
|
|
|
3/2021
|
|
|
|
3,400
|
|
|
|
48,000
|
|
|
|
48,046
|
|
Capital One Financial Corporation
|
|
Plano, TX
|
|
|
159,000
|
|
|
|
2/2015
|
|
|
|
1,982
|
|
|
|
27,900
|
|
|
|
29,300
|
|
Choice Hotels International, Inc.(4)
|
|
Silver Spring, MD
|
|
|
223,912
|
|
|
|
5/2013
|
|
|
|
4,841
|
|
|
|
43,500
|
|
|
|
42,695
|
|
County of Yolo, California
|
|
Woodland, CA
|
|
|
63,000
|
|
|
|
6/2023
|
|
|
|
1,023
|
|
|
|
16,400
|
|
|
|
16,790
|
|
Crozer-Keystone Health System(5)
|
|
Ridley, PA
|
|
|
22,708
|
|
|
|
4/2019
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
4,477
|
|
|
|
5,516
|
|
CVS Corporation
|
|
Randolph, MA
|
|
|
88,420
|
|
|
|
1/2014
|
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
|
10,450
|
|
|
|
13,612
|
|
Factory Mutual Insurance Company(6)
|
|
Johnston, RI
|
|
|
345,842
|
|
|
|
7/2009
|
|
|
|
9,373
|
|
|
|
55,443
|
|
|
|
55,443
|
|
S-20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Square
|
|
|
Lease
|
|
|
2008 Estimated
|
|
|
Purchase
|
|
|
Carry
|
|
Tenant or Guarantor
|
|
Location
|
|
Feet
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Annual Rent(1)
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Value(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
Farmers Group, Inc.
|
|
Simi Valley, CA
|
|
|
271,000
|
|
|
|
1/2017
|
|
|
|
2,836
|
|
|
|
41,812
|
|
|
|
41,710
|
|
Farmers New World Life Insurance
Company
|
|
Mercer Island, WA
|
|
|
155,200
|
|
|
|
12/2020
|
|
|
|
2,458
|
|
|
|
39,550
|
|
|
|
38,819
|
|
ITT Industries, Inc.
|
|
Herndon, VA
|
|
|
167,285
|
|
|
|
3/2019
|
|
|
|
5,009
|
|
|
|
46,081
|
|
|
|
54,529
|
|
Johnson Controls, Inc.
|
|
Largo, FL
|
|
|
307,275
|
|
|
|
8/2016
|
|
|
|
1,918
|
|
|
|
27,000
|
|
|
|
26,921
|
|
Koninklijke Ahold, N.V.
|
|
Levittown, PA
|
|
|
70,020
|
|
|
|
4/2026
|
|
|
|
1,439
|
|
|
|
18,575
|
|
|
|
20,736
|
|
The Kroger Co.(6)
|
|
Various locations in
KY (five), GA (four),
and TN (two)
|
|
|
685,135
|
|
|
|
1/2022
|
|
|
|
4,766
|
|
|
|
64,038
|
|
|
|
64,556
|
|
Lowes Companies, Inc.(7)
|
|
Aliso Viejo, CA
|
|
|
181,160
|
|
|
|
8/2024
|
|
|
|
3,450
|
|
|
|
52,860
|
|
|
|
51,323
|
|
Nestle Holdings, Inc.(6)
|
|
Breinigsville, PA;
Fort Wayne, IN;
Lathrop, CA
|
|
|
2,560,351
|
|
|
|
12/2012
|
|
|
|
14,070
|
|
|
|
170,409
|
|
|
|
176,709
|
|
Omnicom Group, Inc.
|
|
Irving, TX
|
|
|
101,120
|
|
|
|
5/2013
|
|
|
|
1,354
|
|
|
|
18,100
|
|
|
|
16,793
|
|
Pearson Plc.
|
|
Lawrence, KS
|
|
|
194,665
|
|
|
|
4/2021
|
|
|
|
1,385
|
|
|
|
20,750
|
|
|
|
20,233
|
|
Qwest Business Resources, Inc.(6)
|
|
Omaha, NE
|
|
|
127,825
|
|
|
|
6/2010
|
|
|
|
1,718
|
|
|
|
10,785
|
|
|
|
9,351
|
|
Qwest Business Resources, Inc.(6)
|
|
Omaha, NE
|
|
|
291,820
|
|
|
|
6/2010
|
|
|
|
4,452
|
|
|
|
24,712
|
|
|
|
24,712
|
|
T-Mobile
USA, Inc.
|
|
Nashville, TN
|
|
|
69,287
|
|
|
|
1/2017
|
|
|
|
1,324
|
|
|
|
16,195
|
|
|
|
16,063
|
|
Tiffany & Co.
|
|
Parsippany, NJ
|
|
|
367,740
|
|
|
|
9/2025
|
|
|
|
4,613
|
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
74,690
|
|
Time Warner Entertainment Company,
L.P.
|
|
Milwaukee, WI
|
|
|
154,849
|
|
|
|
12/2016
|
|
|
|
1,865
|
|
|
|
28,530
|
|
|
|
28,821
|
|
TJX Companies, Inc.
|
|
Philadelphia, PA
|
|
|
1,015,500
|
|
|
|
6/2021
|
|
|
|
6,057
|
|
|
|
90,125
|
|
|
|
90,410
|
|
The Travelers Corporation(6)
|
|
Hartford, CT
|
|
|
130,000
|
|
|
|
10/2011
|
|
|
|
6,044
|
|
|
|
33,628
|
|
|
|
33,628
|
|
United States Government (DEA)
|
|
Birmingham, AL
|
|
|
35,616
|
|
|
|
12/2020
|
|
|
|
1,297
|
|
|
|
14,100
|
|
|
|
13,659
|
|
United States Government (EPA)
|
|
Kansas City, KS
|
|
|
71,979
|
|
|
|
3/2023
|
|
|
|
2,602
|
|
|
|
29,250
|
|
|
|
31,777
|
|
United States Government (FBI)
|
|
Albany, NY
|
|
|
74,300
|
|
|
|
9/2018
|
|
|
|
1,312
|
|
|
|
16,350
|
|
|
|
16,858
|
|
United States Government (FBI)
|
|
Birmingham, AL
|
|
|
86,199
|
|
|
|
4/2020
|
|
|
|
2,202
|
|
|
|
23,500
|
|
|
|
23,166
|
|
United States Government (NIH)(8)
|
|
N. Bethesda, MD
|
|
|
207,055
|
|
|
|
5/2012
|
|
|
|
7,690
|
|
|
|
81,500
|
|
|
|
77,054
|
|
United States Government (OSHA)
|
|
Sandy, UT
|
|
|
75,000
|
|
|
|
1/2024
|
|
|
|
1,900
|
|
|
|
23,750
|
|
|
|
23,789
|
|
United States Government (SSA)
|
|
Austin, TX
|
|
|
23,311
|
|
|
|
12/2015
|
|
|
|
710
|
|
|
|
6,900
|
|
|
|
6,693
|
|
United States Government (VA)
|
|
Ponce, PR
|
|
|
56,500
|
|
|
|
2/2015
|
|
|
|
1,300
|
|
|
|
13,600
|
|
|
|
12,757
|
|
Walgreen Co.
|
|
Pennsauken, NJ
|
|
|
18,500
|
|
|
|
10/2016
|
|
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
3,089
|
|
|
|
3,061
|
|
Walgreen Co.
|
|
Portsmouth, VA
|
|
|
13,905
|
|
|
|
7/2018
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
4,165
|
|
|
|
4,121
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
10,335,904
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
129,779
|
|
|
$
|
1,521,779
|
|
|
$
|
1,524,509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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(1)
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Reflects scheduled rent due for
2008 under our lease with the tenant or tenants. Does not
reflect straight-line rent adjustments required under
SFAS No. 13. Also does not include expense recoveries
or above or below market rent amortization adjustments required
by SFAS No. 141.
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(2)
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For the EntreCap Portfolio,
represents our allocated purchase price. For all other assets,
includes carry value of any related intangible assets under
SFAS No. 141.
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(3)
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As of March 31, 2007,
approximately 2% of the property was leased to one other tenant.
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(4)
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As of March 31, 2007,
approximately 28% of the property was leased to six other
tenants.
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(5)
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We own a leasehold interest in the
land, or a ground lease, where an affiliate of our tenant owns
the underlying land and improvements and has leased them to us
through 2032 with an option to extend through 2046. Our ground
rent is prepaid through 2032. At the end of the ground lease,
unless extended, the land and improvements revert to the
landowner.
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S-21
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(6)
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See the first table under
Recent Events Acquisition of EntreCap
Portfolio for details regarding our ownership of these
properties.
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(7)
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As of March 31, 2007,
approximately 18% of the property was leased to two other
tenants.
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(8)
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As of March 31, 2007,
approximately 11% of the property was leased to five other
tenants.
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Debt
Investments
Our debt investments primarily comprise first mortgage loans on
net lease properties and investments in commercial
mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, investments. As of
March 31, 2007, our debt portfolio had a carry value of
approximately $455.6 million, including approximately
$270.2 million of loan investments and approximately
$185.4 million of CMBS and other real estate investments.
As of March 31, 2007, long-term mortgage loans comprised
approximately 85% of our total loan investments. We target loans
on real properties with strong real estate fundamentals and with
a strong long-term lease in place. Most of our mortgage loans
are fully amortizing over the primary lease term of the
underlying tenant, thus reducing our risk over time and
eliminating the refinance risk associated with a balloon payment
at maturity. Our loan investments include loans on 64 properties
in 26 states with 25 different underlying tenant obligors.
Our CMBS investments include senior, subordinate and
interest-only classes of primarily net lease loan
securitizations or pass through trusts. We believe we are
well-positioned to evaluate net lease CMBS investments and real
estate securities due to our expertise with net lease loan
assets and our experience in structuring CMBS investments. We
structured four CMBS securitizations aggregating approximately
$1.5 billion prior to our initial public offering. As a
result of our familiarity with the collateral included in these
transactions, many of our CMBS investments to date have been
made in classes of our prior securitizations.
The following pie chart depicts the credit quality of our debt
investments as of March 31, 2007.
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(1)
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Reflects underlying tenants
or lease guarantors actual or implied S&P rating or
equivalent rating if rated only by Moodys, or, in the case
of our CMBS securities, reflects actual ratings of the
securities.
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S-22
SUPPLEMENTAL
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This discussion supplements the discussion contained under the
caption Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT in the accompanying prospectus and should be read in
conjunction therewith.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income
tax laws effective beginning with our short taxable year ended
December 31, 2004. We believe that, commencing with such
short taxable year, we have been organized and operated in such
a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the federal
income tax laws, and we intend to continue to operate in such
manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a
manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. In the opinion of
Hunton & Williams LLP, we qualified to be taxed as a
REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable years
ended December 31, 2004 through December 31, 2006, and
our current and proposed method of operation will enable us to
continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation
as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable year
ending December 31, 2007 and in the future. Investors
should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLPs
opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon
certain representations made by us as to factual matters,
including representations regarding the nature of our assets and
the conduct of our business, and is not binding upon the
Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, or any court. In addition,
Hunton & Williams LLPs opinion is based on
existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a
REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or
retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a
REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis,
through actual annual operating results, certain qualification
tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Those qualification
tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from
specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls
within specified categories, the diversity of our stock
ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we
distribute. Hunton & Williams LLP will not review our
compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly,
no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations
for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements.
For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to
qualify as a REIT, see Federal Income Tax Consequences of
Our Status as a REIT Failure to Qualify
in the accompanying prospectus.
In December 2005, technical corrections were made to the FIRPTA
provisions that apply to our
non-U.S. stockholders.
See Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders
in the accompanying prospectus. For taxable years beginning on
and after January 1, 2005, capital gain distributions that
are attributable to our sale of real property are not subject to
FIRPTA and, therefore, will be treated as ordinary dividends
rather than as gain from the sale of a United States real
property interest, as long as the
non-U.S. stockholder
did not own more than 5% of the class of our stock on which the
distributions are made during the
1-year
period ending on the date of the distribution.
S-23
UNDERWRITING
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
are acting as joint bookrunning managers and as the
representatives of the underwriters. This offering is being made
on a firm commitment basis. Subject to the terms and conditions
contained in the underwriting agreement dated the date of this
prospectus supplement, we have agreed to sell to the
underwriters, and the underwriters have agreed to purchase from
us, severally and not jointly, the shares offered by this
prospectus supplement in the amount set forth below:
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Underwriter
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Number of Shares
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Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
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Friedman, Billings,
Ramsey & Co., Inc.
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KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.
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Stifel, Nicolaus &
Company, Incorporated
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Keefe, Bruyette & Woods,
Inc.
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Total
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9,000,000
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The underwriters are offering the shares of our common stock
subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to
prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the
obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept
delivery of the common stock offered by us pursuant to this
prospectus supplement are subject to the approval of certain
legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions.
The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the
shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement if
any such shares are taken, except that the underwriters are not
required to take or pay for shares covered by the exercise of
the underwriters option to purchase additional shares
described below.
We have granted the underwriters an option exercisable for
30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement to
purchase up to an additional 1,350,000 shares of common
stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering
price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth
on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and less an
amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions
declared by us and payable on the common stock initially
purchased by the underwriters but not otherwise payable on the
additional shares purchased pursuant to the option. To the
extent such option is exercised, each underwriter will become
obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase
approximately the same percentage of additional shares of our
common stock as the number set forth next to such
underwriters name in the preceding table bears to the
total number of shares of common stock in the preceding table.
The following table shows the amount per share and total
underwriting discount we will pay to the underwriters. The
amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of
the underwriters over-allotment option.
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Total
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|
|
|
|
|
|
No
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|
|
Full
|
|
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Exercise
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|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Public offering price
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|
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|
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Underwriting discount to be paid
by us
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|
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|
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|
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us
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|
|
|
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|
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We estimate that the total expenses payable by us in connection
with this offering, other than the underwriting discount
referred to above, will be $325,000.
The underwriters initially propose to offer the shares of common
stock directly to the public at the public offering price set
forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to
certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in
excess of $ per share below
the public offering price. Any underwriter may allow, and such
dealers may re-allow, a concession not in excess of
$ per share to
S-24
other underwriters or to certain dealers. After the initial
offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and
other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the
underwriters.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol LSE.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments the underwriters
may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in
activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the
price of our common stock, including:
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short sales;
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syndicate covering transactions;
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|
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imposition of penalty bids; and
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|
|
purchases to cover positions created by short sales.
|
Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for
the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market
price of our common stock. Stabilizing transactions may include
making short sales of our common stock, which involve the sale
by an underwriter of a greater number of shares of common stock
than it is required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing
common stock from us or in the open market to cover positions
created by short sales. Short sales may be covered
shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than
the underwriters over-allotment option referred to above,
or may be naked shorts, which are short positions in
excess of that amount.
The underwriters may close out a covered short position either
by exercising the over-allotment option, in whole or in part, or
by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this
determination, the underwriters will consider, among other
things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open
market compared to the price at which the underwriters may
purchase shares pursuant to the over-allotment option.
A naked short position is more likely to be created if the
underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure
on the price of the common stock in the open market that could
adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To
the extent that the underwriters created a naked short position,
they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the
position.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid on selling group
members. This means that if the underwriters purchase shares in
the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short
sales, the underwriters can require the selling group members
that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay the
selling concession received by them.
As a result of these activities, the price of our common stock
may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the
open market. The underwriters are not required to engage in
these activities, and, if they do commence these activities,
they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may
carry out these transactions on the NYSE, in the
over-the-counter
market or otherwise.
We, our executive officers and directors have agreed that, for a
period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus
supplement, we and they will not without the prior written
consent of the representatives, sell or otherwise dispose of any
shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exchangeable for our common stock. The representatives in their
sole discretion may release any of the securities subject to
these
lock-up
agreements at any time without notice. However, our agreement
does not apply to any securities issued by us pursuant to
(i) our 2004 stock incentive plan, (ii) our dividend
reinvestment and stock purchase plan or (iii) our existing
at-the-market
equity programs, at (in the case of (iii)) a per share price
equal to or above the per-share offering price set forth on the
cover of this prospectus supplement and in the aggregate not
exceeding $5,000,000. Transfers or dispositions can be made
during the
lock-up
period in the case of gifts or family trusts where the
transferee signs a
lock-up
S-25
agreement. In addition, we may issue units of limited
partnership interest in our operating partnership in
consideration for our acquisition of real estate properties.
A prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus in
electronic format may be made available on the websites
maintained by one or more of the underwriters. The
representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to
underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders.
The representatives will allocate shares to underwriters that
may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other
allocations. In addition, shares may be sold by the underwriters
to securities dealers who resell shares to online brokerage
account holders.
Other than this prospectus supplement and accompanying
prospectus in electronic format, the information on any
underwriters or selling group members website and
any information contained in any other website maintained by any
underwriter or any selling group member is not part of this
prospectus supplement, accompanying prospectus or the
registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms
a part, has not been approved or endorsed by us or any
underwriter or selling group member in its capacity as
underwriter or selling group member and should not be relied
upon by investors.
Some of the underwriters or their affiliates from time to time
perform investment banking and other financial services for us
and our affiliates for which they receive advisory or
transaction fees, as applicable, plus
out-of-pocket
expenses, of the nature and in amounts customary in the industry
for these financial services. Wachovia Investors, Inc., an
affiliate of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, owns less than five
percent of our outstanding common stock. We also have entered
into a short-term bridge facility and a short-term repurchase
agreement with Wachovia Bank, N.A., an affiliate of Wachovia
Capital Markets, LLC, and a short-term real property acquisition
facility with Wachovia Bank, N.A. and another affiliate of
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC. We expect to use the proceeds
from this offering to repay a portion of our borrowings under
the bridge facility. From time to time, we obtain long-term
mortgage financings on our real property acquisitions from
Wachovia Bank, N.A. From time to time, we may sell net lease
assets to Wachovia Bank, N.A. or its affiliates on what we
believe are fair market terms. We enter into derivative
transactions from time to time with Wachovia Bank, N.A. In
addition, Wachovia Bank, N.A. acts as servicer of our loan
investments financed under our repurchase agreement.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be
passed upon for us by Hunton & Williams LLP, New York,
New York, including the validity of the common stock offered
hereby. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering
will be passed upon for the underwriters by DLA Piper US LLP.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and managements
assessment of internal control over financial reporting of
Capital Lease Funding, Inc. as of December 31, 2006 and
December 31, 2005, and the years then ended, incorporated
by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying
prospectus and in the registration statement of which it is a
part have been audited by McGladrey & Pullen LLP, an
independent registered public accounting firm, to the extent and
for the period set forth in their reports, and are incorporated
herein and therein in reliance upon such reports given upon the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The consolidated financial statements of Capital Lease Funding,
Inc. appearing in Capital Lease Funding, Inc.s Annual
Report
(Form 10-K)
for the year ended December 31, 2004, have been audited by
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public
accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, included
therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated
financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in
reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as
experts in accounting and auditing.
S-26
WHERE YOU
CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). You may
read and copy any reports, statements or other information on
file at the SECs public reference room located at 100 F
Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on the public reference room. The SEC
filings are also available at the Internet website maintained by
the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. These filings are also available
to the public from commercial document retrieval services.
This prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus do not
contain all of the information in our shelf
registration statement. We have omitted parts of the
registration statement in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the SEC. For more detail about us and any
securities that may be offered by this prospectus supplement and
accompanying prospectus, you may examine the registration
statement on
Form S-3
and the exhibits filed with it at the locations listed in the
previous paragraph.
We incorporate information into this prospectus supplement and
accompanying prospectus by reference, which means that we
disclose important information to you by referring you to
another document filed separately with the SEC. The information
incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this
prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, except to the
extent superseded by information contained herein or by
information contained in documents filed with the SEC after the
date of this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus.
This prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus
incorporate by reference the documents set forth below, the file
number for each of which is 1-32039, that have been previously
filed with the SEC:
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our Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2006 filed with the SEC on
March 7, 2007;
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our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 filed with the SEC on
May 10, 2007; and
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our Current Reports on
Form 8-K
or
Form 8-K/A,
as the case may be, filed with the SEC on February 20,
2007, March 16, 2007, April 19, 2007 and May 10,
2007.
|
We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement
and accompanying prospectus additional documents that we may
file with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act until completion of this offering (other
than any portion of these documents that is furnished or
otherwise deemed not to be filed). These documents may include
annual reports on
Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
and current reports on
Form 8-K,
as well as proxy statements.
You may obtain copies of any of these filings through Capital
Lease Funding, Inc. as described below, through the SEC or
through the SECs Internet website as described above.
Documents incorporated by reference are available on our website
at http://www.caplease.com and without charge by
requesting them from us in writing or by telephone at:
Capital Lease Funding, Inc.
1065 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10018
(212) 217-6300
Attn: Investor Relations
S-27
PROSPECTUS
$300,000,000
Capital
Lease Funding, Inc.
Preferred
Stock, Common Stock and Debt Securities
Under this prospectus, we may offer, from time to time, in one
or more series or classes the following securities:
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shares of our preferred stock;
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shares of our common stock; and
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our debt securities, which may be senior or subordinated.
|
We may offer these securities with an aggregate offering price
of up to $300,000,000, in amounts, at initial prices and on
terms determined at the time of the offering. We may offer the
securities separately or together, in separate series or classes
and in amounts, at prices and on terms described in one or more
supplements to this prospectus.
We will provide you with specific terms of the offering in one
or more supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus
supplement may also add, update or change information contained
in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and each
applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in
the securities.
We may offer the securities directly to investors, through
agents designated from time to time, or to or through
underwriters or dealers. If any agents, underwriters, or dealers
are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names,
and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount
arrangement with, between or among them, will be set forth, or
will be calculable from the information set forth, in an
accompanying prospectus supplement. For more detailed
information, see Plan of Distribution beginning on
page 61. No securities may be sold without delivery of a
prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the
offering of those securities.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol LSE. On April 29, 2005, the closing
price of our common stock on the NYSE was $11.18. Our corporate
offices are located at 110 Maiden Lane, New York, New York 10005
and our telephone number is
(212) 217-6300.
Investing in these securities involves risks. You should
carefully read and consider the Risk Factors
beginning on page 3 of this prospectus before investing in
these securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this
prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The date of this prospectus is May 20, 2005
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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1
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1
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2
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3
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20
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21
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21
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21
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22
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27
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30
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35
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37
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42
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59
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60
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61
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62
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62
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We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information or
to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must
not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. We
are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, only the
securities covered by this prospectus, and only under
circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.
The information contained in this prospectus is current only as
of its date, regardless of the time and delivery of this
prospectus or of any sale of the securities covered hereby.
You should read carefully the entire prospectus, as well as the
documents incorporated by reference in the prospectus, before
making an investment decision.
When used in this prospectus, except where the context otherwise
requires, the terms we, our,
us and the Company refer to Capital
Lease Funding, Inc. and its predecessors and subsidiaries.
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using
a shelf registration process, which enables us, from
time to time, to offer and sell in one or more offerings the
securities described on the cover page of this prospectus. The
aggregate public offering price of the securities we sell in
these offerings will not exceed $300,000,000. This prospectus
contains a general description of the securities that we may
offer. Each time we sell any securities pursuant to this
prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will
contain specific information about the terms of that offering.
The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change
information contained in this prospectus. To the extent that any
information in any prospectus supplement is inconsistent with
information in this prospectus or the information incorporated
by reference herein, you should rely on the information in the
prospectus supplement and disregard the conflicting information
in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein. You
should read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus
supplement, together with the additional information described
below under the heading Where You Can Find More
Information, before you decide whether to invest in our
securities.
WHERE YOU
CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). You may
read and copy any reports, statements or other information on
file at the SECs public reference room located at
450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on the public reference room. The SEC
filings are also available at the Internet website maintained by
the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. These filings are also available
to the public from commercial document retrieval services.
This prospectus does not contain all of the information in our
shelf registration statement. We have omitted parts
of the registration statement in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the SEC. For more detail about us and any
securities that may be offered by this prospectus, you may
examine the registration statement on
Form S-3
and the exhibits filed with it at the locations listed in the
previous paragraph.
We incorporate information into this prospectus by reference,
which means that we disclose important information to you by
referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC.
The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part
of this prospectus, except to the extent superseded by
information contained herein or by information contained in
documents filed with or furnished to the SEC after the date of
this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the
documents set forth below, the file number for each of which is
1-32039, that have been previously filed with the SEC:
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our Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2004 filed with the SEC on
March 30, 2005;
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our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 filed with the SEC on
May 16, 2005;
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our Current Reports on
Form 8-K
or
Form 8-K/A,
as the case may be, filed with the SEC on January 7, 2005,
January 11, 2005, February 4, 2005, February 17,
2005, March 3, 2005, March 7, 2005, March 16,
2005, March 25, 2005, April 21, 2005 and May 17,
2005; and
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our Registration Statement on
Form 8-A,
which incorporates by reference the description of our common
stock from our Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(Reg.
No. 333-110644),
and all reports filed for the purpose of updating such
description.
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We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus additional
documents that we may file with the SEC under
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from
the date of this prospectus until we have sold all of the
securities to which this prospectus relates or the offering is
otherwise terminated (other than any portion of these documents
that is furnished or otherwise deemed not to be filed). These
documents may include annual reports on
Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
and current reports on
Form 8-K,
as well as proxy statements.
1
You may obtain copies of any of these filings through Capital
Lease Funding, Inc. as described below, through the SEC or
through the SECs Internet website as described above.
Documents incorporated by reference are available without charge
by requesting them from us in writing or by telephone at:
Capital Lease Funding, Inc.
110 Maiden Lane
New York, New York 10005
(212) 217-6300
Attn: Investor Relations
THE
COMPANY
Overview
We are a net lease company focused on investing in commercial
real estate assets that are leased typically on a long-term
basis primarily to high credit quality corporate, government and
not-for-profit
tenants. These assets include mortgage loans and mortgage backed
net lease securities (debt) and direct investments in real
estate (equity). We began our business in 1995 through private
equity capital. In March 2004, we completed an initial public
offering and our common stock began trading on the New York
Stock Exchange under the symbol LSE. We intend to
elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Prior to our initial public offering, we operated primarily as a
first mortgage lender using a gain on sale business model, where
we sold the loans without retaining any interest in them after
origination, either through securitization or whole-loan sales.
Our mortgage loans have included traditional long-term credit
tenant first mortgage loans (typically 15 to 25 years),
10-year
credit tenant loans and a few development type loans and
recapitalized loans.
Upon completion of our initial public offering in March 2004, we
changed our strategy from that of a gain on sale originator of
net lease loans, to a long-term holder of debt, equity and
mezzanine net lease assets for portfolio investment, though we
do still engage in some gain on sale activities. An important
component of our portfolio investment strategy is to borrow, or
leverage, against our assets in order to enable us to originate
a larger portfolio of assets and to enhance our returns on
invested equity capital. This strategy entails financing our
mostly fixed rate net lease investments by using our existing
warehouse facilities on a reasonably short term basis and, as
soon as practicable thereafter, financing the majority of these
assets on a secured long-term fixed rate basis, both through
collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, and through
traditional first mortgage debt obtained from third party
lenders, and other mechanisms. We typically employ hedging
strategies to mitigate interest rate risk while our fixed rate
assets are financed in our floating rate warehouse facilities.
We believe that the combination of assets backed by long-term
leases with high quality tenants coupled with long-term fixed
rate financing will produce stable risk-adjusted returns on our
equity base.
In connection with our initial public offering, we raised net
proceeds after all related expenses of approximately
$221.8 million on top of an existing book equity of
approximately $34.0 million. As of March 31, 2005, we
had invested those proceeds into approximately
$578.5 million of net lease assets and have begun to
leverage our existing portfolio utilizing our existing floating
rate warehouse credit facilities, fixed rate first mortgage debt
and collateralized debt obligations. In March 2005, we closed
our first fixed rate long-term CDO offering with a principal
amount of approximately $300.0 million. We issued five
classes of notes with an aggregate face amount of
$285.0 million and preferred stock with a principal amount
of $15.0 million. We retained $31.5 million in face
amount of the notes offered, comprised of the entire face amount
of the three most junior note classes and the preferred shares.
Our executive offices are located at 110 Maiden Lane, New York,
New York 10005. Our telephone number is
(212) 217-6300.
2
RISK
FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties
described below, together with the other information contained
in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and the
documents we refer you to in the section Where You Can
Find More Information, before purchasing our
securities.
Risks
Related to Operations
We may
fail to continue to originate
and/or
acquire net lease assets.
Origination of additional net lease loans and acquisition of
additional net lease real properties is critical to the success
of our business strategy. The net lease market is highly
competitive and we cannot assure you that we will be able to
identify net lease opportunities that meet our underwriting and
return criteria. If we are unable to continue to originate net
lease loans and purchase net lease real properties that are
acceptable to us, we may be unable to execute our business plan,
which could have a material adverse affect on our operating
results and financial condition.
We may
fail to originate or acquire profitable assets.
Our investment strategy is based on originating and purchasing
profitable assets, as determined by our returns on those assets
less our related financing cost. We originate or purchase
long-term fixed rate assets and generally seek to finance those
assets with lower coupon long-term fixed rate debt, thus earning
a profit or spread.
We generally obtain long-term financing for our assets after we
acquire them. Therefore, we price our assets at origination or
acquisition based on our assumption about our expected future
financing cost.
If our cost to finance our assets increases over our assumptions
between the time we commit to purchase the asset and when we
obtain long-term financing, the profit or spread we expected to
earn on the asset and our overall portfolio will erode. Various
factors could cause our financing cost to increase, including:
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increases in long-term interest rates;
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weakening economic conditions;
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United States military activity and terrorist activities;
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ineffectiveness of our hedging strategies;
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a decline in the credit rating of the underlying tenant; and
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market dislocations caused by the failure or financial
difficulties of a large financial institution or institutions.
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Our failure to originate and acquire profitable assets would
have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, results of
operations and financial condition.
We
conduct a significant part of our business with Wachovia Bank,
N.A. and its affiliates and their continued business with us is
not guaranteed.
We rely on Wachovia Bank, N.A. and its affiliates in various
aspects of our business. For example:
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Wachovia Bank, N.A. provides us with short-term financing
through a $250.0 million repurchase facility.
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Through December 31, 2004, we obtained $97.4 million
of long-term mortgage financings from Wachovia Bank.
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Affiliates of Wachovia Bank, N.A. have performed investment
banking services for us, including in connection with our
initial public offering and our initial CDO transaction.
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Wachovia Bank, N.A. acts as servicer of our net lease asset
investments and as transfer agent for our common stock.
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These parties are not obligated to do business with us and any
adverse developments in their business or in our relationship
with them could result in these parties choosing not to do
business with us or a significant reduction in our business with
them.
Termination of our business with Wachovia Bank, N.A. or its
affiliates or a significant reduction in our business with these
parties could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results and financial condition.
We may
be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to make distributions
to our stockholders.
As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our
taxable income each year to our stockholders. If we are unable
to execute our business plan successfully or in the event of
future downturns in our operating results and financial
performance, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to
our stockholders. The timing and amount of distributions are in
the sole discretion of our board of directors, which will
consider, among other factors, our financial performance, debt
service requirements, and capital expenditure requirements. We
cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient cash to fund
distributions required to maintain our REIT tax status or to
fund any distributions.
Our
management has limited experience operating a REIT or a public
company or executing our business plan.
Our management has limited experience operating a REIT or a
public company or in executing our business plan. Therefore, you
should be cautious in drawing conclusions about the ability of
our management team to do so.
Risks
Related to Net Lease Assets
An
adverse change in the financial condition of one or more tenants
underlying our net lease investments could have a material
adverse impact on us.
The credit quality of the tenant underlying a net lease asset is
at the core of our underwriting process. An adverse change in
the tenants financial condition, including a bankruptcy of
the tenant, could have a material adverse impact on us. For
example:
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We rely on rent payments from the tenants underlying our net
lease investments for our cash flows, and any bankruptcy,
insolvency or failure to make rental payments when due could
result in a material reduction of our cash flows and material
losses to our company.
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An adverse change in the financial condition of one or more
tenants underlying our net lease investments or a decline in the
credit rating of one or more tenants underlying our net lease
investments could result in a margin call if the related asset
is being financed on our short-term repurchase facilities, and
could make it more difficult for us to arrange long-term
financing for that asset.
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The value of our net lease loan and real estate securities
investments are primarily driven by the credit quality of the
underlying tenant or tenants, and an adverse change in the
subject tenants financial condition or a decline in the
credit rating of such tenant may result in a decline in the
value of our net lease investments and a charge to our statement
of operations.
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The
occurrence of material adverse events with respect to tenants to
whom we have a high degree of exposure or a downturn in their
industries could have a material adverse impact on
us.
Of our assets in portfolio as of December 31, 2004,
approximately $85.8 million, or 17.4%, involve properties
leased to, or leases guaranteed by, Aon Corporation. In
addition, two other corporations lease or guarantee leases
underlying investments we have made which represent over 5% (but
are less than 10%) of our assets in portfolio. Any financial
difficulty or bankruptcy of one or more of such tenants or
guarantors resulting in nonpayment or delay in payment of rental
payments and other amounts due under the related leases could,
as a result of this concentration, have a greater adverse effect
on us than a similar problem with a less significant tenant.
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In addition, our assets in portfolio as of December 31,
2004 involve properties leased to, or leases guaranteed by,
CVS Corporation, Walgreen Co. and other companies in the
retail drug industry. Approximately $39.8 million, or 8.1%,
of our assets in portfolio as of December 31, 2004, involve
properties leased to, or leases guaranteed by, companies in the
retail drug industry. Any downturn in the retail drug industry
or in any other industry in which we have a large investment
could have a material and adverse effect on our financial
condition and operating results. Among other risks, the retail
drug industry is subject to the risks of:
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reductions in third-party reimbursements of prescription drugs;
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the growth of mail-order prescription providers;
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increases in governmental regulation;
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introduction of new brand and generic prescriptions drugs;
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inability to attract and retain qualified pharmacists and
management personnel; and
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competition.
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We may
be subject to geographic concentrations that could make us more
susceptible to adverse events in these areas.
As of December 31, 2004, an aggregate $169.4 million,
or 34.3%, of our assets in portfolio were investments in
properties located in Chicago, Illinois and its neighboring
suburbs. An economic downturn or other adverse events or
conditions such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters in
this area, or any other area where we have significant credit
concentration in the future, could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and operating results.
We may
make errors in analyzing the data of certain of our net lease
tenants and intend to make loans on properties leased to
non-investment grade tenants.
Approximately $52.5 million, or 10.6%, of our assets in
portfolio as of December 31, 2004, involve properties
leased to, or leases guaranteed by, companies without a publicly
available credit rating. A portion of our assets is expected to
continue to involve tenants who do not have publicly available
credit ratings. We expect to obtain a private rating for these
assets after origination or acquisition and prior to obtaining
long-term financing. When we make an investment in an asset
where the underlying tenant has no publicly available credit
rating, we prepare an internally generated credit analysis,
after a review of available financial data. We may misinterpret
or incorrectly analyze this data. These mistakes may cause us to
make investments we would not have otherwise made and may
ultimately result in losses on one or more of our investments.
In addition, approximately $78.7 million, or 15.9%, of our
assets in portfolio as of December 31, 2004, involve
properties leased to, or leases guaranteed by, companies whose
credit rating is below investment grade. These investments will
have a greater risk of default and bankruptcy than investments
on properties net leased exclusively to investment grade tenants.
Our balance sheet, as of December 31, 2004, also includes a
$1.1 million investment in a structured interest that is
unrated. The lack of such a rating generally reflects the fact
that the underlying collateral is weaker than what would be
found in a rated interest, and therefore, this investment has a
greater risk of default than an investment in a rated interest.
We may
be unable to obtain financing, and our existing secured
warehouse facility may be unavailable to us.
We expect to borrow money under short-term secured warehouse
credit facilities to fund our acquisitions and originations of
net lease assets. We currently have a secured warehouse facility
with Wachovia Bank, N.A. Our warehouse facility is uncommitted
as Wachovia Bank must agree to each asset contributed to the
facility. We cannot assure you that we may be able to draw funds
under this facility at any given time.
Under the terms of this facility, we sell commercial mortgage
assets to Wachovia Bank as security in exchange for funds to
finance our net lease investments. Wachovia Bank owns the assets
that we sell to it as security for our
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borrowings and holds those assets subject to our right or
obligation to repurchase later. In the event that Wachovia Bank
files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, our assets subject to
our repurchase rights or obligations may become subject to the
bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, thus depriving us, at
least temporarily, of the benefit of these assets. In addition,
in the event of our bankruptcy, Wachovia Bank may qualify for
special treatment under the bankruptcy code, giving it the
ability to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy
Code. In that case, our bankruptcy estate might include our
repurchase rights, but would not include our assets held by
Wachovia Bank subject to our repurchase rights.
In the
event of a bankruptcy of one of our borrowers or an affiliate of
one of our borrowers, our financial condition and operating
results may suffer.
Although we generally use bankruptcy-remote structures when we
fund a loan, one of our borrowers may become a debtor in a
bankruptcy case as a result of liabilities unrelated to
ownership and operation of its net leased real property or, if
an affiliate of one of our borrowers becomes the debtor in a
bankruptcy case, a court may order that our borrowers
assets and liabilities be substantively consolidated with those
of its affiliate. Either of these events could delay or reduce
payments on our loan assets, delay our ability to foreclose on
the net leased property and may have an adverse affect on our
financial condition and operating results.
Risks
Related to Borrowings
We
expect to borrow a significant amount of debt to finance our
portfolio, which may subject us to increased risk of
loss.
We expect to incur significant indebtedness in our operations.
We expect that substantially all of our assets will be pledged
as collateral for our borrowings (on average 70% to 85% of
our assets in portfolio). Required debt service will reduce cash
and net income available for operations or distribution to our
stockholders. If the income on assets financed with borrowed
funds fails to cover the cost of the borrowings, we may
experience net losses on assets not yet financed with long-term
debt or lower net profits. If we default on our debt service
obligations, we would be at risk of losing some or all of our
assets as our lenders will have a first priority claim on the
collateral we pledge and the right to foreclose.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends to a
significant extent on our ability to borrow money in sufficient
amounts and on sufficiently favorable terms, thus earning
incremental returns. We may not be able to achieve the degree of
leverage we believe to be optimal due to decreases in the
proportion of the value of our assets against which we can
borrow, decreases in the market value of our assets, increases
in interest rates (to the extent we have assets financed with
variable rate debt, including our secured warehouse lines of
credit), changes in the availability of financing in the market,
conditions in the lending market and other factors. This may
cause us to experience losses or less profit than would
otherwise be the case.
We intend to continue to finance our net lease assets over the
long-term through a variety of means, including through the use
of CDOs and mortgage financing. Our ability to execute this
strategy will depend on various conditions in the markets for
financing in this manner which are beyond our control, including
the liquidity of these markets and maintenance of attractive
credit spreads. We cannot assure you that these markets will
remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our net
lease assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to
find alternative forms of long-term financing for our net lease
assets, as our secured warehouse lines will not accommodate
long-term financing. This could subject us to more recourse
indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient
forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash
flows, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our
stockholders, funds available for operations, as well as for
future net lease investments, and could result in net losses and
the erosion of our equity.
Hedging
transactions may not effectively protect us against anticipated
risks and may subject us to certain other risks and
costs.
Our current policy is to enter into hedging transactions
primarily to protect us from the effect of interest rate
fluctuations on our portfolio of net lease assets from the date
on which we commit a rate or price to a borrower or
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seller and until the date the asset is pledged to secure
long-term financing or is sold. Our hedging policy exposes us to
certain risks, among them the following:
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Our hedging strategy may not have the desired beneficial impact
on our results of operations or financial condition.
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No hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks
associated with changes in interest rates.
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There will be many market risks against which we may not be able
to hedge effectively, including changes in the spreads of
corporate bonds, CMBS or CDOs over the underlying
U.S. Treasury rates.
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We may or may not hedge any risks with respect to CMBS or CDOs
that we may purchase or hold for investment.
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Our hedging strategy may serve to reduce the returns which we
could possibly achieve if we did not hedge certain risks.
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Because we intend to structure our hedging transactions in a
manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT, we will be
limited in the type of hedging transactions that we may use.
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Hedging costs increase as the period covered by the hedging
increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest
rates. We may increase our hedging activity and thus increase
our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are
volatile or rising.
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The enforceability of agreements underlying derivative
transactions may depend on compliance with applicable statutory
and commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending
on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international
requirements.
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A default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging
transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and
force us to cover our resale commitments, if any, at the then
current market price.
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Although generally we will seek to reserve the right to
terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible
to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the
consent of the hedging counterparty, and we may not be able to
enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk.
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There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be
required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration,
which could result in losses.
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We may
fail to qualify for hedge accounting treatment.
We record derivative and hedge transactions in accordance with
United States generally accepted accounting principles,
specifically Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities (SFAS 133). Under these
standards, we may fail to qualify for hedge accounting treatment
for a number of reasons, including, if we use instruments that
do not meet the SFAS 133 definition of a derivative (such
as short sales), we fail to satisfy SFAS 133 hedge
documentation and hedge effectiveness assessment requirements or
our instruments are not highly effective. If we fail to qualify
for hedge accounting treatment, our operating results may suffer
because losses on the derivatives we enter into may not be
offset by a change in the fair value of the related hedged
transaction.
If we
fail to secure long-term financing for a substantial portion of
our net lease assets, our financial condition and operating
results may suffer.
We expect to rely upon our ability to finance our net lease
assets with long-term indebtedness in order to generate cash
proceeds for repayment of our secured warehouse lines of credit
and to originate and acquire additional and other net lease
assets. We cannot assure you, however, that we will continue to
be successful in securing long-term financing for a substantial
portion of the net lease assets that we originate or acquire.
For example, a decline in the credit quality of a tenant
underlying a net lease asset investment could inhibit our
ability to secure long-term financing for that asset. In the
event that it is not possible or economical for us to secure
long-term financing for a substantial portion of our net lease
assets, we may exceed our capacity under our secured warehouse
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credit facilities and be unable or limited in our ability to
originate and acquire future net lease assets, which would have
a material adverse effect on our financial condition and
operating results. If we determine that we should sell our net
lease assets rather than finance them, there could be
significant adverse effects on our operating results and
stockholder distributions as a result of the treatment of any
gains from such sales under the tax laws governing REITs.
Our
short-term financings may expose us to interest rate risks,
margin calls and term risks.
Our borrowings under our repurchase facility are currently at
variable rates and will be adjusted monthly relative to market
interest rates. If interest rates on our borrowings rise at a
faster pace than yields on our assets increase, our net interest
expense will likely increase, causing our net income to decrease.
The amount available to us under our repurchase facility with
Wachovia Bank depends in large part on the lenders
valuation of the assets that secure our financings. The facility
provides Wachovia Bank the right, under certain circumstances,
to re-evaluate the collateral that secures our outstanding
borrowings at any time. In the event Wachovia Bank determines
that the value of the collateral has decreased (for example, in
connection with a decline in the credit rating of the underlying
tenant), it has the right to initiate a margin call. A margin
call would require us to provide Wachovia Bank with additional
collateral or to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings
at a time when we may not have a sufficient inventory of assets
or cash to satisfy the margin call. Any failure by us to meet a
margin call could cause us to default on our repurchase facility
and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and operating results.
In addition, Wachovia Bank has no obligation to renew our
short-term borrowings. If we are unable to obtain long-term
financing or our shorter-term financings are not renewed, our
liquidity could be materially adversely affected.
The
use of CDO financings with coverage tests may have a negative
impact on our operating results and cash flows.
We expect to purchase subordinate classes of bonds in our CDO
financings. We also expect that the terms of CDOs issued by us
will include coverage tests that will be used primarily to
determine whether and to what extent principal and interest
proceeds on the underlying assets may be used to pay principal
of and interest on the subordinate classes of bonds in the CDO.
In the event the coverage tests are not satisfied, interest and
principal that would otherwise be payable on the subordinate
classes may be re-directed to pay principal on the senior bond
classes. Therefore, failure to satisfy the coverage tests could
adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.
Risks
Related to Mortgage Assets
Our
investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities and
collateralized debt obligations are subject to
losses.
When we acquire structured interests in net lease assets, we
generally invest in the subordinate or interest-only classes of
CMBS or CDOs or take a subordinate interest in the net lease
asset or assets. Losses on an asset securing a mortgage loan
included in a securitization or other structured interest are
generally borne first by the equity holder of the property, then
by a cash reserve fund or letter of credit, if any, and then by
the first loss subordinated security holder. In the
event of default of an underlying asset or assets and the
exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit
and any classes of securities or interests junior to those in
which we invest, if any, we may not be able to recover our
investment in the securities or structured interests we
purchase. In addition, if the underlying asset portfolio has
been overvalued by the originator, or if the values subsequently
decline and, as a result, less collateral is available to
satisfy interest and principal payments due on the related
structured interests, the structured interests in which we
invest may effectively become the first loss
position behind the more senior interests, which may result in
significant losses to us.
The prices of lower credit quality structured interests are
generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more
highly rated investments, but they are more sensitive to adverse
economic downturns or individual issuer developments. A
projection of an economic downturn, for example, could cause a
decline in the price of lower
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credit quality interests because the ability of tenants or the
obligors of mortgages underlying the structured interests to
make required payments may be impaired. In such event, existing
credit support in the structure may be insufficient to protect
us against loss of our principal on these interests.
Fluctuating
interest rates may adversely affect the quantity and value of
our net lease assets.
Because we currently finance our net lease assets on a
short-term basis with variable rate financing, increases in
short-term interest rates may increase our net interest expense
and decrease the net income generated by our net lease assets.
Fluctuations in interest rates may also affect us in other ways,
including that:
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higher interest rates may reduce overall demand for net lease
loans and accordingly reduce our production of loan assets,
which could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and operating results; and
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increases or decreases in short- or long-term interest rates may
reduce the value of assets on our balance sheet.
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We may
experience losses on our mortgage loans.
We originate mortgage loans (in particular, net lease loans) as
part of our investment strategy. As a holder of mortgage loans,
we are subject to risks of borrower defaults, tenant defaults,
bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that may
not be covered by standard hazard insurance. Also, the costs of
originating, financing and hedging the mortgage loans (including
the debt service on CDOs secured by the mortgage loans, and
expenses related to the CDO transaction, including third-party
fees payable to trustees, servicers, document custodians, and
credit enhancement providers) could exceed the income on the
mortgage assets. In the event of any default under mortgage
loans, we will bear the risk of loss of principal to the extent
of any deficiency between the value of the mortgage collateral
and the principal amount of the mortgage loan plus all interest
thereon and other costs payable before principal. To the extent
we acquire subordinate CMBS or CDO interests or other
subordinate structured interests in net lease assets, we will be
subject to these risks in a concentrated form with respect to
the underlying net lease assets.
The typical net lease requires casualty insurance (which may be
provided through self insurance) to be maintained on the
underlying property (generally by the borrower or the tenant),
with such coverages and in such amounts as are customarily
insured against with respect to similar properties, for fire,
vandalism and malicious mischief, extended coverage perils,
physical loss perils, commercial general liability, flood (when
the underlying property is located in whole or in material part
in a designated flood plain area) and worker injury. There are,
however, certain types of losses (such as from earthquakes or
wars) that may be either uninsurable or not economically
insurable. Should an uninsured loss occur, we could lose both
our capital invested in, and anticipated profits from, one or
more net lease properties.
We
could be subject to the risks incident to ownership of real
property if the tenants underlying our net lease loans fail to
make their lease payments.
Net lease loans are generally non-recourse to the property owner
and in the event of default the lender thereunder is entirely
dependent on the loan collateral. Rent payment by the underlying
tenant is the primary source of payment of these loans. To the
extent the tenant does not make its lease payments, repayment of
the net lease loan will depend upon the liquidation value of the
underlying real property. The liquidation value of a commercial
property may be adversely affected by risks generally incident
to interests in real property, including changes in general or
local economic conditions
and/or
specific industry segments, declines in real estate values,
increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other
operating expenses including energy costs, changes in
governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including
environmental legislation, acts of God, and other factors which
are beyond our or our borrowers control. There can be no
assurance that our remedies with respect to the loan collateral
will provide us with a recovery adequate to recover our
investment.
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Development
loans involve greater risk of loss than loans secured by income
producing properties.
We expect to expand our extension of development financing to
real estate developers. These types of loans involve a higher
degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage loans secured by
income-producing real property, due to a variety of factors,
including dependence for repayment on successful completion and
operation of the project, difficulties in estimating
construction or rehabilitation costs, loan terms that often
require little or no amortization, and the possibility that a
foreclosure by the holder of the senior loan could result in a
substantial decrease in the value of our collateral.
Accordingly, in the event of a borrower default, we may not
recover some or all of our investment in our development loans.
Unscheduled
principal payments on our loans could adversely affect our
financial condition and operating results.
The rate and timing of unscheduled payments and collections of
principal on our net lease loans is impossible to predict
accurately and will be affected by a variety of factors,
including the level of prevailing interest rates, restrictions
on voluntary prepayments contained in the loans, the
availability of credit generally and other economic,
demographic, geographic, tax and legal factors. In general,
however, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below
the interest rate on a loan, the borrower is more likely to
prepay the then higher-rate loan than if prevailing rates remain
at or above the interest rate on the loan.
Loans we originate or acquire generally prohibit prepayment or
only permit prepayment in conjunction with payment of a
prepayment premium to maintain the yield to investors. Our
mortgage loans are typically prepayable, however, without
payment of any prepayment premium, in the event of certain
events of casualty or condemnation with respect to the related
mortgaged property. From time to time, we may originate a loan
that is prepayable under other circumstances without payment of
any prepayment premium. We cannot assure you that our prepayment
prohibitions will be enforceable in all jurisdictions in which
we make loans. Further, a mortgage loan may effectively prepay
in the event of a default, in which event a prepayment premium
may not be recovered.
Unscheduled principal prepayments could adversely affect our
financial condition and operating results to the extent we are
unable to reinvest the funds we receive at an equivalent or
higher yield rate, if at all. In addition, a large amount of
prepayments, especially prepayments on loans with interest rates
that are high relative to the rest of our portfolio, will likely
decrease the net income we anticipate receiving from our assets.
We may
be required to repurchase assets that we have sold or to
indemnify holders of our CDOs.
If any of the assets we originate or acquire and sell or pledge
to obtain long-term financing do not comply with representations
and warranties that we make about certain characteristics of the
assets, the borrowers and the underlying properties, we may be
required to repurchase those assets or replace them with
substitute assets. In addition, in the case of assets that we
have sold, we may be required to indemnify persons for losses or
expenses incurred as a result of a breach of a representation or
warranty. Repurchased assets typically require a significant
allocation of working capital to carry on our books, and our
ability to borrow against such assets is limited. Any
significant repurchases or indemnification payments could
materially and adversely affect our financial condition and
operating results.
The
success of our net lease loan business will depend upon our
ability to service effectively, or to obtain effective
third-party servicing for, the loans we invest in.
We have entered into a servicing arrangement with Wachovia Bank,
N.A. for servicing of our net lease loans. We may in the future
undertake to retain the servicing of our loan assets in a
taxable subsidiary of ours. We have no experience servicing a
large portfolio of loans for an extended period of time. We
cannot assure you that our third-party contractor or we will be
able to service the loans according to industry standards.
Failure to service the loans properly could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
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The
success of our net lease equity business will depend on our
ability to obtain third-party management for the real properties
we purchase.
For our equity investments in real property where the underlying
lease is not a bondable or triple net lease, we typically enter
into management arrangements with third parties to perform our
property owner obligations. We rely on these managers to perform
our obligations under the net lease. A failure of these managers
to perform could trigger the tenants right to terminate
the lease or abate rent. In addition, if the managers fail to
perform our obligations in a cost-effective manner, our net cash
flows from the property and hence our operating results and cash
flows could be adversely affected.
An
interruption in or breach of our information systems could
impair our ability to originate assets on a timely basis and may
result in lost business.
We rely heavily upon communications and information systems to
conduct our business. Any failure or interruption or breach in
security of our information systems or the third-party
information systems on which we rely could cause underwriting or
other delays and could result in reduced efficiency in asset
servicing. We cannot assure you that any failures or
interruptions will not occur or, if they do occur, that we or
the third parties on whom we rely will adequately address them.
The occurrence of any failures or interruptions could
significantly harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our
network of independent mortgage brokers and investment sale
brokers may sell our investment opportunities to our
competitors.
An important source of our investments comes from independent
mortgage brokers and investment sale brokers. These brokers are
not contractually obligated to do business with us. Further, our
competitors also have relationships with many of these brokers
and actively compete with us in our efforts to obtain
investments from these brokers. As a result, we may lose
potential transactions to our competitors, which could
negatively affect the volume and pricing of our investments,
which would have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and operating results.
We may
be unsuccessful in executing our
10-year
credit tenant loan program.
Like our other loan products, our
10-year
credit tenant loans are secured by a first mortgage on the
underlying real estate and an absolute assignment of the
underlying lease and rents. However, we bifurcate our
10-year
credit tenant loans into two notes, a real estate note and a
corporate credit note, and allocate the security among the
notes. The real estate note is entitled to a first priority
claim against the underlying real estate and the corporate
credit note is entitled to a first priority claim against the
lease assignment. Any excess recovery on one note is paid over
to the other note. We typically sell the real estate note, which
represents 70% to 80% of the loan, to a CMBS conduit promptly
following origination and retain the corporate credit note in
our portfolio. If we are unable to continue to sell the first
note, we will be subject to all risks incident to holding the
debt, including the risks of borrower defaults, tenant defaults,
bankruptcies, fraud, losses and special hazard losses that may
not be covered by standard hazard insurance. In addition, if the
tenant underlying the loan becomes insolvent or bankrupt, that
tenant or its bankruptcy trustee can reject the lease. In such
an event, our claim, as holder of the corporate credit note,
against the real estate will be junior to the real estate note
holders claim. Further, while we will have a first
priority claim on the lease assignment, our claim for damages
will be limited to an amount defined under the Bankruptcy Code.
Either of these contingencies could result in a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and operating results.
Maintenance
of our Investment Company Act of 1940 exemption imposes limits
on our operations.
We intend to continue to conduct our business in a manner that
allows us to avoid registration as an investment company under
the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act).
Under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, entities that are
primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise
acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in
real estate are not treated as investment companies. The
position of the SEC staff generally requires us to maintain at
least 55% of our assets directly in qualifying real estate
interests in order for us to rely on this exemption (the
55% Requirement). To constitute a qualifying real
estate interest under this 55%
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Requirement, a real estate interest must meet various criteria.
Mortgage securities that do not represent all of the
certificates issued with respect to an underlying pool of
mortgages may be treated as securities separate from the
underlying mortgage loans and, thus, may not qualify for
purposes of the 55% Requirement. Our ownership of these mortgage
securities, therefore, is limited by the provisions of the 1940
Act and SEC staff interpretations. We cannot assure you that
efforts to pursue our investment strategy will not be adversely
affected by operation of these provisions and interpretations.
Risks
Related to Ownership of Real Estate
Our
real estate investments are subject to risks particular to real
property.
As an owner of real property (including property securing our
net lease loans that we may acquire upon foreclosure), we are
subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of the
real estate. These risks may include those listed below:
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civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and
other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses,
and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of the
terrorist attacks, such as those that occurred on
September 11, 2001;
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adverse changes in national and local economic and market
conditions;
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changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and
terms of debt financing, including mortgage obligations and the
possibility of foreclosure;
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the costs of complying or fines or damages as a result of
non-compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and with
environmental laws;
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changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies
and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with
laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;
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costs of remediation and liabilities associated with
environmental conditions such as indoor mold;
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changes in traffic patterns and neighborhood characteristics;
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the potential for uninsured or underinsured property losses;
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the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older
structures;
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changes in real property tax rates and other operating expenses;
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the relative illiquidity of real estate investments; and
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other circumstances beyond our control.
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Should any of these events occur, our financial condition and
operating results could be adversely affected.
Single
tenant leases involve significant risks of tenant
default.
We focus our real estate acquisition activities on properties
that are net leased to single tenants. Therefore, a default by
the sole tenant is likely to cause a significant or complete
reduction in the operating cash flow generated by the property
leased to that tenant and a reduction in the value of that
property.
Tenant
defaults could adversely affect our financial condition and
operating results.
The tenants underlying our net lease investments may default on
their lease obligations. Our ability to manage our assets is
also subject to federal bankruptcy laws and state laws that
limit creditors rights and remedies available to real
property owners to collect delinquent rents. If a tenant becomes
insolvent or bankrupt, we cannot be sure that we could recover
the premises from the tenant promptly or from a trustee or
debtor-in-possession
in any bankruptcy proceeding relating to that tenant. We also
cannot be sure that we would receive rent in the proceeding
sufficient to cover our expenses with respect to the premises.
If a tenant becomes bankrupt, the federal bankruptcy code (and
possibly state laws relating to debtor relief) will apply and,
in some instances, may restrict the amount and
12
recoverability of our claims against the tenant. A tenants
default on its obligations to us could adversely affect our
financial condition and results of operations.
The
ability of tenants to reject leases in a bankruptcy could
adversely affect the value of our investments and our financial
condition and operating results.
If the tenant underlying our net lease investments becomes
insolvent or bankrupt, that tenant or its bankruptcy trustee
could reject the lease. Lease enhancements do not cover risks
attendant to tenant bankruptcies. If a lease were rejected,
rental payments would terminate, leaving the owner without the
rental payments to support its debt service and other
obligations under loans and with a claim for damages under
section 502(b)(6) of the Bankruptcy Code. A claim by the
owner for damages resulting from the rejection by a debtor of a
lease of real property is limited to an amount equal to the rent
reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater
of one year or 15 percent (but not more than three years)
of the remaining term of the lease, plus rent already due but
unpaid. There can be no assurance that any such claim for
damages (or any recovery on the underlying mortgaged real
estate) would be sufficient to provide for the repayment of
amounts then due under the lease or any debt encumbering the
property.
We may
have obligations to comply with covenants under certain of our
equity investments in real property.
Under certain of our equity investments in real property, we, as
owner of the property, retain obligations with respect to the
property, including the responsibility for real estate taxes,
insurance, operating expenses, maintenance and repair of the
property, provision of adequate parking, maintenance of common
areas and compliance with other affirmative covenants in the
lease. If we were to fail to meet such obligations, the tenant
may be permitted to abate rent or terminate the lease, which may
result in a loss of our capital invested in, and anticipated
profits from, such property.
Rising
operating expenses could reduce our cash flow and funds
available for future dividends.
Our properties are subject to operating risks common to real
estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us.
If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid
in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses,
we could be required to expend funds for that propertys
operating expenses. Our properties are also subject to increases
in real estate and other tax rates, utility costs, operating
expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and
administrative expenses.
While most of our properties are subject to a net lease,
renewals of leases or future leases may not be negotiated on
that basis, in which event we will have to pay the expenses
associated with maintaining the property. In addition, real
estate taxes on our properties and any other properties that we
acquire in the future may increase as property tax rates change
and as those properties are assessed or reassessed by tax
authorities. Many U.S. states and localities are
considering increases in their income
and/or
property tax rates (or increases in the assessments of real
estate) to cover revenue shortfalls. If we are unable to lease
properties on a net lease basis, or if tenants fail to pay
required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be
required to pay those costs, which could have a material adverse
effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well
as our ability to pay dividends to stockholders at historical
levels or at all.
We may
not be able to renew our leases or re-lease our
properties.
Upon the expiration of leases on our properties, we may not be
able to re-let all or a portion of that property, or the terms
of re-letting (including the cost of concessions to tenants) may
be less favorable to us than current lease terms. If we are
unable to re-let promptly all or a substantial portion of our
properties or if the rental rates upon re-letting are
significantly lower than the current rates, our financial
condition and operating results will be adversely affected.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain tenants
upon the expiration of their leases.
Illiquidity
of real estate may limit our ability to change our
portfolio.
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Our ability to
vary our portfolio by selling and buying properties in response
to changes in economic and other conditions will be limited. In
addition, the Internal Revenue Code of
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1986, as amended, or the Code, limits our ability to sell our
properties by imposing a penalty tax of 100% on the gain derived
from prohibited transactions, which are defined as sales of
property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business. The frequency of sales and the
holding period of the property sold are two primary factors in
determining whether a property sold fits within this definition.
These considerations may limit our opportunities to sell our
properties. If we must sell a property, we cannot assure you
that we will be able to dispose of the property in the time
period we desire or that the sales price of the property will
recoup or exceed our cost for the property.
Noncompliance
with environmental laws could adversely affect our financial
condition and operating results.
The real properties we own, including those that we may acquire
by foreclosure in connection with our net lease loans, are
subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws.
Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the
authority to require the current owner of a contaminated
property to clean up the property, even if the owner did not
know of and was not responsible for the contamination. For
example, liability can be imposed upon a property owner based on
activities of a tenant. In addition to the costs of cleanup,
environmental contamination can affect the value of a property
and, therefore, an owners ability to borrow funds using
the property as collateral or to rent or sell the property.
Under the environmental laws, courts and governmental agencies
also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste
to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an
incinerator, to pay for the
clean-up of
that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human
health or the environment. A person that arranges for the
disposal of, or transports for disposal or treatment of, a
hazardous substance to a property owned by another may be liable
for the costs of removal or remediation of the hazardous
substances released into the environment at that property.
Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third
parties may recover damages for injury caused by property
contamination. Also, some of these environmental laws restrict
the use of a property or place conditions on various activities.
An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals
to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the
chemicals are being used. We may be responsible for
environmental liabilities created by our tenants irrespective of
the terms of any lease.
We could be responsible for the costs discussed above. The costs
incurred to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against
a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material
and could adversely affect our financial condition and operating
results.
Prior to acquisition of or foreclosure on a property, we obtain
Phase I environmental reports and, in some cases, a
Phase II environmental report. However, these reports may
not reveal all environmental conditions at a property and we may
incur material environmental liabilities of which we are
unaware. Future laws or regulations may impose material
environmental liabilities on us or our tenants and the current
environmental condition of our properties may be affected by the
condition of the properties in the vicinity of our properties
(such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or
by third parties unrelated to us.
Risks
Related to Lease Enhancements
Our
lease enhancement mechanisms may fail.
We have developed certain lease enhancement mechanisms designed
to reduce the risks inherent in our net lease investments. These
lease enhancement mechanisms include:
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casualty and condemnation insurance policies that protect us
from any right the tenant may have to terminate the underlying
net lease or abate rent as a result of a casualty or
condemnation;
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with respect to a double net lease, borrower reserve funds that
protect us from any rights the tenant may have to terminate the
underlying net lease or abate rent as a result of the failure of
the property owner to maintain and repair the property or
related common areas; and
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residual value insurance policies on net lease loans which have
an amortization period that extends beyond the initial term of
the underlying net lease, that insure against the risk that the
borrower defaults and the property is worth less than the
balloon balance at maturity.
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These lease enhancement mechanisms may not protect us against
all losses. For example, our casualty and condemnation policies
typically contain exclusions relating to war, insurrection,
rebellion, revolution or civil riot and radioactive matter,
earthquakes (in earthquake zones) and takings (other than by
condemnation) by reason of danger to public health, public
safety or the environment. In addition, amounts in the borrower
reserve fund may be insufficient to cover the cost of
maintenance or repairs, and the borrower may fail to perform
such maintenance or repairs at its own expense. The failure of
our lease enhancement mechanisms may result in the loss of our
capital invested in, and profits anticipated from, our
investment, and could adversely affect our financial condition
and operating results.
We
depend on our insurance carriers to provide and honor lease
enhancements.
We presently obtain specialized lease enhancement insurance
policies from two carriers. The limited number of insurance
carriers available to provide lease enhancements restricts our
ability to replace such insurers. Any of the following
developments with respect to our carriers may have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results:
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a deterioration in our relationship with one or both of our
carriers;
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a bankruptcy or other material adverse financial development
with respect to one or both of our carriers; and
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a dispute as to policy coverage with one or both of our carriers.
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We may
fail to analyze leases adequately or apply appropriate lease
enhancement mechanisms.
Our net lease assets are generally secured by rent payments on
the underlying net lease. Therefore, continued rent payments are
critical to the value of our assets. In determining whether a
lease enhancement mechanism is appropriate, we examine the costs
and benefits of the lease enhancement mechanism in light of our
analysis of the risks associated with the underlying net lease.
As a result of this analysis, we may decline to apply a lease
enhancement mechanism that would otherwise protect us. Our
failure to analyze leases adequately or apply appropriate lease
enhancement mechanisms could cause a decline in the value of our
net lease asset and adversely affect our financial condition and
operating results.
Risks
Related to Business Strategy and Policies
We
face significant competition that could harm our
business.
We are subject to significant competition in seeking asset
investments. We compete with other specialty finance companies,
insurance companies, investment banks, savings and loan
associations, banks, mortgage bankers, mutual funds,
institutional investors, pension funds, other lenders,
governmental bodies and individuals and other entities,
including REITs. We may face new competitors and, due to our
focus on net lease properties located throughout the United
States, and because many of our competitors are locally
and/or
regionally focused, we may not encounter the same competitors in
each region of the United States. Many of our competitors will
have greater financial and other resources and may have other
advantages over our company. Our competitors may be willing to
accept lower returns on their investments, may have access to
lower cost capital and may succeed in buying the assets that we
target for acquisition. We may incur costs on unsuccessful
acquisitions that we will not be able to recover. Our failure to
compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and operating results.
Our
ability to grow our business will be limited by our ability to
attract debt or equity financing, and we may have difficulty
accessing capital on attractive terms.
We expect to fund future investments primarily from debt or
equity capital. Therefore, we are dependent upon our ability to
attract debt or equity financing from public or institutional
lenders. The capital markets have been, and
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in the future may be, adversely affected by various events
beyond our control, such as the United States military
involvement in the Middle East and elsewhere, the terrorist
attacks on September 11, 2001, the ongoing War on Terrorism
by the United States and the bankruptcy of major companies, such
as Enron Corp. Events such as an escalation in the War on
Terrorism, new terrorist attacks, or additional bankruptcies in
the future, as well as other events beyond our control, could
adversely affect the availability and cost of capital for our
business. As a REIT, we will also be dependent upon the
availability and cost of capital in the REIT markets
specifically, which can be impacted by various factors such as
interest rate levels, the strength of real estate markets and
investors appetite for REIT investments. We cannot assure
you that we will be successful in attracting sufficient debt or
equity financing to fund future investments, or at an acceptable
cost.
Future
offerings of debt and equity may adversely affect the market
price of our common stock.
We expect in the future to increase our capital resources by
making additional offerings of equity and debt securities, which
would include classes of preferred stock, common stock and
senior or subordinated notes. All debt securities and other
borrowings, as well as all classes of preferred stock, will be
senior to our common stock in a liquidation of our company.
Additional equity offerings could dilute our stockholders
equity, reduce the market price of shares of our common stock,
or be of preferred stock having a distribution preference that
may limit our ability to make distributions on our common stock.
We are unable to estimate the amount, timing or nature of
additional offerings as they will depend upon market conditions
and other factors.
We may
fail to manage our anticipated growth.
As of December 31, 2004, our company had 23 employees. If
we grow rapidly, we may experience a significant strain on our
management, operational, financial and other resources. Our
ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue
to improve our operational and financial systems, to expand our
employee base and train and manage our employees and to develop
additional management expertise. Management of growth is
especially challenging for us due to our limited financial
resources. Failure to increase our business and manage growth
effectively could have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and operating results.
Temporary
investment in short-term investments may adversely affect our
results.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected during the
period in which we are implementing our investment, leveraging
and hedging strategies or during any period after which we have
received the proceeds of a financing or asset sale but have not
invested the proceeds. During this time, we may be invested in
short-term investments, including CMBS or CDO bonds, corporate
bonds, commercial paper, money market funds and U.S. agency
debt.
The
concentration of our companys ownership may adversely
affect the ability of new investors to influence our
companys policies.
As of December 31, 2004, our directors and executive
officers owned approximately 12.2% in the aggregate of the
outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, these
owners collectively have significant influence over our company
and may determine to vote their shares together. This influence
may result in company decisions that may not serve the best
interest of all stockholders.
Our
board of directors may change our investment and operational
policies without stockholder consent.
Our board of directors determines our investment and operational
policies and may amend or revise our policies, including our
policies with respect to our REIT status, investment objectives,
acquisitions, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization
and distributions, or approve transactions that deviate from
these policies without a vote of or notice to our stockholders.
Investment and operational policy changes could adversely affect
the market price of our common stock and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
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The
federal income tax laws governing REITs are complex, and our
failure to qualify as a REIT under the federal tax laws will
result in adverse tax consequences.
We intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify
as a REIT under the federal income tax laws. The REIT
qualification requirements are extremely complex, however, and
interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing
qualification as a REIT are limited. Accordingly, we cannot be
certain that we will be successful in qualifying as a REIT. At
any time, new laws, interpretations, or court decisions may
change the federal tax laws or the federal income tax
consequences of our qualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be
subject to federal income tax on our taxable income. Our taxable
income would be determined without deducting any distributions
to our stockholders. We might need to borrow money or sell
assets in order to pay any such tax. If we cease to qualify as a
REIT, we no longer would be required to distribute most of our
taxable income to our stockholders. Unless the federal income
tax laws excused our failure to qualify as a REIT, we could not
re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the
year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.
Even
if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that
reduce our cash flow or limit our ability to sell or securitize
our assets.
Failure
to make required distributions would subject us to
tax.
In order to qualify as a REIT, each year we must distribute to
our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable income, other than
any net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy this
distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our
taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income
tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be
subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount
that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less
than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. Under
some circumstances, we may need to borrow money or sell assets
to distribute enough of our taxable income to satisfy the
distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and
the 4% nondeductible excise tax in a particular year.
The
formation of taxable REIT subsidiaries increases our overall tax
liability.
Our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be subject to federal and
state income tax on their taxable income, which will consist of
gains from any loan sales and financial advisory services fees,
net of the general and administrative expenses associated with
these businesses. Accordingly, although our ownership of the
taxable REIT subsidiaries allows us to participate in additional
operating income, that operating income is fully subject to
corporate income tax. The after-tax net income of our taxable
REIT subsidiaries is available for distribution to us as
dividends, but we may choose to retain earnings in the taxable
REIT subsidiary and not pay dividends.
We will incur a 100% tax on transactions with our taxable REIT
subsidiaries that are not conducted on an arms-length
basis.
The tax
on prohibited transactions will limit our ability to engage in
transactions, including certain methods of securitizing our
loans, that would be treated as sales for federal income tax
purposes.
A REITs net income from prohibited transactions is subject
to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or
other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property,
but including mortgage loans, held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be
subject to this tax if we were to sell a loan or securitize
loans in a manner that was treated as a sale for federal income
tax purposes. Therefore, in order to avoid the prohibited
transactions tax, we may choose not to engage in certain sales
of loans other than through our taxable REIT subsidiaries and
may limit the structures that we utilize for our securitization
transactions even though such sales or structures might
otherwise be beneficial for us.
Complying
with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise
attractive opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes we must
continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the
sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our
assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the
ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions
to stockholders at
17
disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily
available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT
requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the
basis of maximizing profits.
Complying
with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge
effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge
our operations by requiring us to limit our income in each year
from qualified hedges, together with any other income not
generated from qualified real estate assets, to no more than 25%
of our gross income. In addition, we must limit our aggregate
income from non-qualified hedging transactions, from our
provision of services and from other non-qualifying sources to
no more than 5% of our annual gross income. As a result, we may
have to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques. This
could result in greater risks associated with changes in
interest rates than we would otherwise want to incur. If we were
to violate one or both of the REIT gross income tests, we would
be subject to a penalty tax generally equal to the greater of
the amounts by which we failed the two gross income tests,
multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
If we fail to satisfy the REIT gross income tests, unless our
failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful
neglect, we could lose our REIT status for federal income tax
purposes.
Our
ownership limitations may restrict or prevent you from engaging
in certain transfers of our common stock.
In order to maintain our REIT qualification, no more than 50% in
value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or
indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the
federal income tax laws to include various kinds of entities)
during the last half of any taxable year. To preserve our REIT
qualification, our charter provides that, unless exempted by our
board of directors, no person may directly or indirectly own
more than 9.9% of the number or value (whichever is more
restrictive) of our outstanding shares of stock. We refer to
this limitation as the Aggregate Stock Ownership
Limit. In addition, our charter provides that, unless
exempted by our board of directors, no person may directly or
indirectly own more than 9.9% of the aggregate number or value
(whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our
common stock. We refer to this limitation as the Common
Stock Ownership Limit. Generally, any shares of our stock
owned by affiliated owners will be combined for purposes of the
Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit, and any shares of common stock
owned by affiliated owners will be combined for purposes of the
Common Stock Ownership Limit.
If anyone transfers shares in a way that would violate our
ownership limits, or prevent us from continuing to qualify as a
REIT under the federal income tax laws, we will consider the
transfer to be null and void from the outset and the intended
transferee of those shares will be deemed never to have owned
the shares or those shares instead will be transferred to a
trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be
either redeemed by us or sold to a person whose ownership of the
shares will not violate our ownership limits. Anyone who
acquires shares in violation of our ownership limits or the
other restrictions on transfer in our charter bears the risk of
suffering a financial loss when the shares are redeemed or sold
if the market price of our stock falls between the date of
purchase and the date of redemption or sale.
Provisions
of our charter and Maryland law may limit the ability of a
third-party to acquire control of our company.
Our
charter contains restrictions on stock ownership and
transfer.
Our charter contains the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit and the
Common Stock Ownership Limit, and these restrictions on
transferability and ownership may delay, defer or prevent a
transaction or a change of control of our company that might
involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in
the best interest of our stockholders.
Our board
of directors may issue additional stock without stockholder
approval.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify or
reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred
stock and to set the preferences, rights of other terms of such
classified and reclassified shares and to amend the charter to
increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock we
have authority to issue, without any action by the stockholders.
Issuances of additional shares of stock may delay, defer or
prevent a
18
transaction or a change of control of our company that might
involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in
the best interest of our stockholders.
Other
provisions of our charter and bylaws may delay or prevent a
transaction or change of control.
Our charter and bylaws also contain other provisions that may
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of
our company that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
For example, our charter and bylaws provide that: a two-thirds
vote of stockholders is required to remove a director, vacancies
on our board may only be filled by the remaining directors, the
number of directors may be fixed only by the directors, our
bylaws may only be amended by our directors and a majority of
shares is required to call a special stockholders meeting. See
Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and
Bylaws.
The
market price of our securities may vary
substantially.
The trading prices of equity securities issued by REITs
historically have been affected by changes in market interest
rates. One of the factors that may influence the price of our
securities in public trading markets is the annual yield from
distributions on our securities as compared to yields on other
financial instruments. An increase in market interest rates, or
a decrease in our distributions to stockholders, may lead
prospective purchasers of our securities to demand a higher
annual yield, which could reduce the market price of our
securities.
We have registered the resale of an aggregate of
4,061,975 shares of our common stock. These shares are
owned by the former owners of our predecessor, Capital Lease
Funding, LLC, and certain of our executive officers and other
key employees. These owners may freely resell the shares into
the public market without restriction. In addition, on
November 17, 2004, an aggregate of 139,134 shares of
our common stock issued to certain of our current and former
employees prior to our initial public offering became eligible
for sale under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. The resale of any of these shares into the public
market, or the perception that such resale may occur, could
adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Other factors that could affect the market price of our common
stock include the following:
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actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of
operations;
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changes in market valuations of companies in the real estate or
mortgage loan industries;
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changes in expectations of future financial performance or
changes in estimates of securities analysts;
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fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;
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the addition or departure of key personnel; and
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announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions,
investments or strategic alliances.
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We
depend on our key personnel.
We depend on the efforts and expertise of our senior management
to manage our
day-to-day
operations and strategic business direction. Our senior
management is comprised of Paul H. McDowell, William R. Pollert,
Shawn P. Seale, Robert C. Blanz and Michael J. Heneghan. We also
depend on the business relationships that our staff has with
borrowers, tenants, mortgage brokers, investment sale brokers,
lenders, institutional investors and other net lease market
participants. Although we have entered into employment
agreements with each member of our senior management, there is
no guarantee that any of them will remain employed with our
company for the term of their respective agreements. We do not
maintain key person life insurance on any of our management team
members. If any member of our senior management team were to
die, become disabled or otherwise leave our employ, we may not
be able to replace him with a person of equal skill, ability and
industry expertise.
19
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the information incorporated by reference
into this prospectus contain forward-looking statements within
the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements relate to
expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies,
anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning
matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can
identify forward-looking statements by terms such as
anticipate, believe, could,
estimate, expect, intend,
may, plan, potential,
should, strategy, will and
other words of similar meaning. The forward-looking statements
are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future
performance, taking into account all information currently
available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can
change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all
of which are known to us or are within our control. If a change
occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results
of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our
forward-looking statements. In connection with the safe
harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, we are hereby identifying important factors
that could cause actual results and outcomes to differ
materially from those contained in any forward-looking
statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
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our ability to make additional investments in a timely manner or
on acceptable terms;
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our ability to obtain long-term financing for our asset
investments at the spread levels we project when we invest in
the asset;
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adverse changes in the financial condition of the tenants
underlying our net lease investments;
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increases in our financing costs
and/or our
general and administrative costs;
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changes in our industry, the industries of our tenants, interest
rates or the general economy;
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the success of our hedging strategy;
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our ability to raise additional capital;
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our ability to complete pending net lease real property
acquisitions
and/or other
net lease investments in a timely manner or at all;
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impairments in the value of the collateral underlying our
investments;
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the degree and nature of our competition; and
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the other factors discussed in this prospectus and the documents
incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including those
described under the caption Risk Factors.
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In addition, we may be required to defer revenue recognition on
real properties we acquire if the property is under construction
or is not yet ready for occupancy.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of its date. We
undertake no obligation to update or publicly release any
revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events,
circumstances or changes in expectations after the date made.
20
USE OF
PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we intend to use the proceeds from the sale of
securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes,
which may include the funding of future investments, the
repayment of outstanding indebtedness, working capital and other
general purposes.
RATIO OF
EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table sets forth our ratio of earnings to combined
fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the periods
indicated.
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Quarter Ended
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March 31,
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Year Ended December 31,
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2005
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2004
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2003
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2002
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2001
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2000
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Ratio of earnings to combined
fixed charges and preferred stock dividends
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1.40
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1.48
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4.06
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1.28
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1.56
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In 2000, the amount of our coverage deficiency was $18,961,000.
We computed the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends by dividing earnings by fixed charges.
We have not issued any preferred shares as of the date of this
prospectus, and therefore there were no preferred dividends
included in our calculation of ratios of earnings to combined
fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for these periods.
Earnings have been calculated by adding fixed charges to income
before provision for income taxes, and then subtracting
capitalized interest. Fixed charges consist of interest incurred
(whether expensed or capitalized), amortization of loan
origination fees and the portion of rental expense deemed to be
the equivalent of interest.
DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON STOCK
The following summary of the terms of our common stock does not
purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its
entirety by reference to our charter and bylaws. See Where
You Can Find More Information.
Authorized
Stock
Our charter provides that we may issue up to
500,000,000 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per
share, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock,
$.01 par value per share. At April 1, 2005,
27,875,200 shares of common stock were issued and
outstanding and no preferred stock was issued and outstanding.
In addition, 305,734 shares of common stock have been
reserved for issuance under our stock plan. As permitted by the
Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, our charter contains
a provision permitting our board of directors, without any
action by our stockholders, to amend the charter to increase or
decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number
of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority
to issue.
Voting
Rights of Common Stock
Subject to the provisions of our charter restricting the
transfer and ownership of our capital stock, each outstanding
share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the
election of directors, and, except as provided with respect to
any other class or series of capital stock that we may issue in
the future, the holders of our common stock possess the
exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the
election of directors. The holders of a plurality of the
outstanding common stock, voting as a single class, can elect
all of the directors.
Distributions,
Liquidation and Other Rights of Common Stock
All common stock offered by this prospectus will be duly
authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of our common
stock are entitled to receive distributions when, as and if
authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of
assets legally available for the payment of distributions. They
also are entitled to share ratably in our assets legally
available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of
our liquidation, dissolution or
21
winding up, after payment of or adequate provision for all of
our known debts and liabilities. These rights are subject to the
preferential rights of any other class or series of our stock
and to the provisions of our charter restricting transfer of our
stock.
Holders of our common stock have no preference, conversion,
exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have
no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.
Subject to the restrictions on transfer of stock contained in
our charter, all shares of common stock have equal distribution,
liquidation and other rights.
Power to
Reclassify Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any
unissued preferred stock and to reclassify any previously
classified but unissued common stock and preferred stock of any
series, from time to time, in one or more classes or series, as
authorized by the board of directors. Prior to issuance of stock
of each class or series, the board of directors is required by
the MGCL and our charter to set for each such class or series,
the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting
powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of
redemption for each such class or series. Thus, our board of
directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with
priority over the common stock with respect to distributions and
rights upon liquidation and with other terms and conditions
which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of
control of our company that might involve a premium price for
our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our
common stock holders.
Power to
Issue Additional Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power to issue additional common stock or
preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued common
stock or preferred stock and thereafter to issue the classified
or reclassified stock provides us with increased flexibility in
structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in
meeting other needs which might arise. These actions can be
taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval
is required by applicable law or the rules of the NYSE. The
listing requirements of the NYSE require stockholder approval of
certain issuances of 20% or more of the then outstanding voting
power or the outstanding number of shares of common stock.
Although we have no current intention of doing so, we could
issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that
might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise
be in the best interests of our common stock holders.
Restrictions
on Ownership and Transfer
Our charter provides that no person may beneficially own,
actually or constructively, more than 9.9% of the value or
number, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding
capital stock or 9.9% of the value or number, whichever is more
restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock. See
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
Other
Matters
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is
Wachovia Bank, NA.
CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND
BYLAWS
The following description of certain provisions of Maryland law
and of our charter and bylaws does not purport to be complete
and is qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law,
our charter and our bylaws. See Where You Can Find More
Information.
Our Board
of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of our directors may be
established only by our board of directors. We have seven
directors. The board of directors may increase or decrease the
number of directors by a vote of a majority of the members of
our board of directors, provided that the number of directors
may not be less than the number required by Maryland law and
that the tenure of office of a director may not be affected by
any decrease in the
22
number of directors. Except as may be provided by the board of
directors in setting the terms of any class or series of
preferred stock, any vacancy on our board of directors may be
filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if
the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, or, if no
directors remain, by our stockholders. Any director elected to
fill a vacancy serves for the remainder of the full term of the
directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor
is elected and qualifies.
At each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of the
common stock may vote to elect all of the directors on the board
of directors, each of which is elected to a one-year term.
Holders of common stock have no right to cumulative voting in
the election of directors. At each annual meeting of
stockholders, the holders of a plurality of the common stock are
able to elect all of the directors.
Removal
of Directors
Under Maryland law and our charter, a director may be removed,
with or without cause, upon the affirmative vote of at least
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of
directors. Absent removal of all of our directors, this
provision, when coupled with the exclusive power of our board of
directors to fill vacant directorships (described below under
Other Anti-Takeover Provisions),
precludes stockholders from removing incumbent directors, except
upon a substantial affirmative vote, and filling the vacancies
created by such removal with their own nominees.
Business
Combinations
Maryland law prohibits business combinations between
us and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an
interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date
on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested
stockholder. These business combinations include a merger,
consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances
specified in the statute, an asset transfer, issuance or
transfer by us of equity securities, liquidation plan or
reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an
interested stockholder as:
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any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power
of our stock; or
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an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the
two-year period prior to the date in question, was the
beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our
then-outstanding voting stock.
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A person is not an interested stockholder if our board of
directors approved in advance the transaction by which the
person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.
However, in approving a transaction, our board of directors may
provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after
the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined
by our board of directors.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination
between us and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an
interested stockholder generally must be recommended by our
board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at
least:
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80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our
then-outstanding shares of voting stock; and
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two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our
voting stock other than stock held by the interested stockholder
with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to
be effected or stock held by an affiliate or associate of the
interested stockholder.
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These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if our
common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under
Maryland law, for their stock in the form of cash or other
consideration in the same form as previously paid by the
interested stockholder for its stock.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions,
including business combinations that are approved or exempted by
the board of directors before the time that the interested
stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. We have opted out
of the business combination provisions of the MGCL by resolution
of our board of directors. However, our board of directors may,
by resolution, opt into the business combination statute in the
future.
Should our board opt into the business combination statute, the
business combination statute may discourage others from trying
to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of
consummating any offer.
23
Control
Share Acquisitions
Maryland law provides that control shares of a
Maryland corporation acquired in a control share
acquisition have no voting rights unless approved by a
vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter. Shares owned by the acquiring person, or by officers or
by directors who are our employees, are excluded from shares
entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are
voting shares which, if aggregated with all other shares
previously acquired by the acquiring person, or in respect of
which the acquiring person is able to exercise or direct the
exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable
proxy), would entitle the acquiring person to exercise voting
power in electing directors within one of the following ranges
of voting power:
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one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
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one-third or more but less than a majority; or
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a majority or more.
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Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is
then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained
stockholder approval. A control share acquisition
means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain
exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share
acquisition may compel our board of directors to call a special
meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand
to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel
the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction
of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the
expenses of the meeting and delivery of an acquiring person
statement. If no request for a meeting is made, we may present
the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the stockholders
meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver the
acquiring person statement required by Maryland law, then,
subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any
or all of the control shares, except those for which voting
rights have previously been approved, for fair value. Fair value
is determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for
the control shares and as of the date of the last control share
acquisition by the acquiring person or of any meeting of
stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares were
considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares
are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiring
person becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares
entitled to vote, then all other stockholders may exercise
appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares for purposes of
these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price
per share paid by the acquiring person in the control share
acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not
apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share
exchange if we are a party to the transaction, nor does it apply
to acquisitions approved or exempted by our charter or bylaws.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share
acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of
our shares of stock. There can be no assurance that this
provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the
future.
Other
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland
corporation with a class of equity securities registered under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and at least
three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision
in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of
directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the
charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
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a classified board;
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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;
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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote
of the directors;
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a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the
remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of
the directorship in which the vacancy occurred; and
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a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of
stockholders.
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Pursuant to Subtitle 8, we have elected to provide that
vacancies on the board be filled only by the remaining directors
and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in
which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter
and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already
(a) require a two-thirds vote for the removal of any
director from the board, (b) vest in our board the
exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and
(c) require, unless called by the chairman of our board of
directors, our chief executive officer, our president or our
board of directors, the request of the holders of a majority of
outstanding shares to call for a special stockholders meeting.
Our bylaws also provide that only our board of directors may
amend or repeal any of our bylaws or adopt new bylaws.
Merger;
Amendment of Charter
Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot
dissolve, amend its charter or merge with another entity unless
approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at
least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter,
unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all
the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the
corporations charter. Our charter provides for approval by
the holders of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast
on the matter for the matters described in this paragraph,
except for amendments to various provisions of the charter,
including the provisions relating to removal of directors, that
require the affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the
votes entitled to be cast on the matter. As permitted by the
MGCL, our charter contains a provision permitting our directors,
without any action by our stockholders, to amend the charter to
increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or
the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we
have authority to issue.
Limitation
of Liability and Indemnification
Our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers
for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland
law. Maryland law permits us to include in our charter a
provision limiting the liability of our directors and officers
to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for
liability resulting from:
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actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money,
property or services; or
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active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment
and which is material to the cause of action.
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Our charter authorizes us to obligate ourselves and our bylaws
require us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to
indemnify, and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses to, any
of our present or former directors or officers or any individual
who, while a director and at our request, serves or has served
another entity, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as
a director, trustee, officer, partner or otherwise. The
indemnification covers any claim or liability against the person
by reason of his or her status as a present or former director
or officer.
Maryland law requires us (unless our charter provides otherwise,
which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer
who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the
defense of any proceeding to which he or she is, or threatened
to be, made a party by reason of his or her service in that
capacity. Maryland law permits us to indemnify our present and
former directors and officers against liabilities and reasonable
expenses actually incurred by them in any proceeding to which
they are made a party by reason of their service in these or
other capacities unless it is established that:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in
bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services; or
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in a criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable
cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
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However, Maryland law prohibits us from indemnifying our present
and former directors and officers for an adverse judgment in a
derivative action or for a judgment of liability on the basis
that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either
case a court orders indemnification, and then only for expenses.
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Maryland law requires us, as a condition to advancing expenses
in certain circumstances, to obtain:
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a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her
good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct
necessary for indemnification; and
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a written undertaking to repay the amount advanced if the
standard of conduct is not met.
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Insofar as the above provisions permit indemnification of
directors, officers, or persons controlling us for liability
arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, we have
been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is therefore
unenforceable.
REIT
Status
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or
otherwise terminate our REIT election if it determines that it
is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a
REIT.
Dissolution
Pursuant to our charter, and subject to the provisions of any of
our classes or series of shares of stock then outstanding and
the prior approval by a majority of the entire board of
directors, our stockholders, at any meeting thereof, by the
affirmative vote of a majority of all of the votes entitled to
be cast on the matter, may approve a plan of liquidation and
dissolution.
Advance
Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of
stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our
board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered
by stockholders at the annual meeting may be made only:
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pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
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by or at the direction of our board of directors; or
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by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record both at the time
of the provision of notice and at the time of the meeting, who
is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the
advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws.
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Generally, under our bylaws, a stockholder seeking to nominate a
director or bring other business before our annual meeting of
stockholders must deliver a notice to our secretary not later
than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than
the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first
anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice to stockholders
for the prior years annual meeting. For a stockholder
seeking to nominate a candidate for our board of directors, the
notice must describe various matters regarding the nominee,
including name, address, occupation and number of shares held,
and other specified matters. For a stockholder seeking to
propose other business, the notice must include a description of
the proposed business, the reasons for the proposal and other
specified matters.
With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the
business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought
before the meeting of stockholders and nominations of
individuals for election to our board of directors may be made
only:
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pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
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by or at the direction of our board of directors; or
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provided that our board of directors has determined that
directors shall be elected at such meeting, by a stockholder who
is a stockholder of record both at the time of the provision of
notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote
at the meeting and who complied with the advance notice
provisions set forth in our bylaws.
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Possible
Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and
of our Charter and Bylaws
Our board or directors may rescind the resolution opting out of
the business combination statute or repeal the bylaw opting out
of the control share acquisition statute. If the business
combination provisions or control share provisions become
applicable to our company, those provisions, in addition to the
provisions in our charter regarding removal of directors and the
restrictions on the transfer of shares of capital stock and the
advance notice provisions of our bylaws, may delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that
might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise
be in the best interest of our common stock holders.
PARTNERSHIP
AGREEMENT
We conduct substantially all of our business through our
operating partnership, Caplease, LP, or its subsidiaries. We are
the sole limited partner and our wholly-owned subsidiary is the
sole general partner of our operating partnership.
We may admit additional limited partners to the partnership in
the future, particularly in connection with the acquisition of
real estate. We may issue units of partnership interest in the
partnership to the sellers of real estate. The issuance of these
partnership units can help sellers defer recognition of taxable
gain which would otherwise be payable upon the sale of a
property to us. We believe that offering sellers the ability to
acquire these partnership units will enhance our ability to
acquire properties because of the tax advantages to sellers.
For so long as we own all of the interests in the operating
partnership and until such time as we admit outside limited
partners to our operating partnership, the partnership agreement
for our operating partnership is a short-form agreement that
does not contain all the terms described below, particularly
those relating to rights of limited partners. There can be no
assurance that we will issue any units of partnership interest
in the future and admit outside partners as limited partners of
our operating partnership. If we do, we expect that the
agreement of limited partnership for our operating partnership
will be amended and restated so as to contain the following
general terms which we believe are customarily found in the
operating partnership agreements of many other publicly traded
real estate investment trusts which have outside limited
partners.
Management
As the sole general partner of the operating partnership, we
will have, subject to certain protective rights of limited
partners described below, full, exclusive and complete
responsibility and discretion in the management and control of
the operating partnership, including the ability to cause the
operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions
including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings and to
cause changes in the operating partnerships line of
business and distribution policies.
Transferability
of Interests
We may not voluntarily withdraw from the operating partnership
or transfer or assign our interest in the operating partnership
or engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination, or
sale of substantially all of our assets, in a transaction which
results in a change of control of our company unless:
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we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50%
of the partnership interests of the limited partners;
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as a result of such transaction all limited partners will
receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities
or other property equal in value to the greatest amount of cash,
securities or other property paid in the transaction to a holder
of one share of our common stock, provided that if, in
connection with the transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange
offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of
more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock,
each holder of partnership units will be given the option to
exchange its partnership units for the greatest amount of cash,
securities or other property that a limited partner would have
received had it (i) exercised its redemption right
(described below) and (ii) sold, tendered or exchanged
pursuant to the offer shares of our common stock received upon
exercise of the redemption right immediately prior to the
expiration of the offer; or
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we are the surviving entity in the transaction and either
(i) our stockholders do not receive cash, securities or
other property in the transaction or (ii) all limited
partners (other than our company or its subsidiaries) receive
for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other
property having a value that is no less than the greatest amount
of cash, securities or other property received in the
transaction by our stockholders for a share of our common stock.
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We also may merge with or into or consolidate with another
entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation
(i) substantially all of the assets of the successor or
surviving entity, other than partnership units held by us, are
contributed, directly or indirectly, to the partnership as a
capital contribution in exchange for partnership units with a
fair market value equal to the value of the assets so
contributed as determined by the survivor in good faith and
(ii) the survivor expressly agrees to assume all of our
obligations under the partnership agreement and the partnership
agreement is amended after any such merger or consolidation so
as to arrive at a new method of calculating the amounts payable
upon exercise of the redemption right that approximates the
existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably
possible.
We also may (i) transfer all or any portion of our general
partnership interest to (1) a wholly-owned subsidiary or
(2) a parent company, and following such transfer may
withdraw as the general partner and (ii) engage in a
transaction required by law or by the rules of any national
securities exchange on which our common stock is listed.
Capital
Contribution
We contributed to our operating partnership substantially all
the net proceeds of our initial public offering. Other parties
in the future that contribute assets to our operating
partnership will become limited partners and will receive
partnership units based on the fair market value of the assets
at the time of such contributions. The partnership agreement
will provide that if the operating partnership requires
additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to the
operating partnership from borrowing or capital contributions,
we may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other
lender and lend such funds to the operating partnership on the
same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of
such funds. Under the partnership agreement, we will be
obligated to contribute the proceeds of any offering of shares
of stock as additional capital to the operating partnership. We
will be authorized to cause the operating partnership to issue
partnership interests for less than fair market value if we have
concluded in good faith that such issuance is in both the
operating partnerships and our best interests. If we
contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, we
will receive additional partnership units and our percentage
interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon
the amount of such additional capital contributions and the
value of the operating partnership at the time of such
contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the
limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in
the event of additional capital contributions by us. In
addition, if we contribute additional capital to the operating
partnership, we will revalue the property of the operating
partnership to its fair market value (as determined by us) and
the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect
the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such
property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts
previously) would be allocated among the partners under the
terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable
disposition of such property for its fair market value (as
determined by us) on the date of the revaluation. The operating
partnership may issue preferred partnership interests, in
connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise, which
could have priority over common partnership interests with
respect to distributions from the operating partnership,
including the partnership interests we own as the general
partner.
Redemption Rights
Pursuant to the partnership agreement, the limited partners will
receive redemption rights, which will enable them to cause the
operating partnership to redeem their units of partnership
interests in exchange for cash or, at our option, shares of
common stock on a
one-for-one
basis. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon
redemption of units of partnership interest held by limited
partners may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events
such as stock dividends, stock subdivisions or combinations.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited
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partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption rights
if the delivery of common stock to the redeeming limited partner
would:
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result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, shares of
common stock in excess of the stock ownership limits in our
charter;
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result in our shares of our common stock being owned by fewer
than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of
attribution);
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result in our being closely held within the meaning
of section 856(h) of the Code;
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cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the
ownership interests in a tenant of our or a subsidiarys
real property, within the meaning of section 856(d)(2)(B)
of the Code; or
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cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited
partner to be integrated with any other distribution
of common stock for purposes of complying with the registration
provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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We may, in our sole and absolute discretion, waive any of these
restrictions.
The redemption rights may be exercised by the limited partners
at any time after an initial holding period; provided, however,
unless we otherwise agree:
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a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right for
fewer than 1,000 partnership units or, if such limited partner
holds fewer than 1,000 partnership units, the limited partner
must redeem all of the partnership units held by such limited
partner;
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a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right for more
than the number of partnership units that would, upon
redemption, result in such limited partner or any other person
owning, directly or indirectly, common stock in excess of the
ownership limitation in our charter; and
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a limited partner may not exercise the redemption right more
than two times annually.
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The partnership agreement will require that the operating
partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy
the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to avoid any
federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code
(other than any federal income tax liability associated with our
retained capital gains) and to ensure that the partnership will
not be classified as a publicly traded partnership
taxable as a corporation under section 7704 of the Code.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and
expenses incurred by the operating partnership, the operating
partnership generally will pay all of our administrative costs
and expenses, including:
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all expenses relating to our continuity of existence and our
subsidiaries operations;
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all expenses relating to offerings and registration of
securities;
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all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any
of our periodic or other reports and communications under
federal, state or local laws or regulations;
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all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and
regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and
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all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in
the ordinary course of business on behalf of the operating
partnership.
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These expenses, however, do not include any of our
administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred that
are attributable to assets that are owned by us directly rather
than by the operating partnership or its subsidiaries.
Distributions
The partnership agreement will provide that the operating
partnership will distribute cash from operations (including net
sale or refinancing proceeds, but excluding net proceeds from
the sale of the operating partnerships
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property in connection with the liquidation of the operating
partnership) at such time and in such amounts as determined by
us in our sole discretion, to us and the limited partners in
accordance with their respective percentage interests in the
operating partnership.
Upon liquidation of the operating partnership, after payment of,
or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the
partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets
of the partnership will be distributed to us and the limited
partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their
respective positive capital account balances.
Allocations
Profits and losses of the operating partnership (including
depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year
generally will be allocated to us and the limited partners in
accordance with the respective percentage interests in the
operating partnership. All of the foregoing allocations are
subject to compliance with the provisions of
sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and Treasury
regulations promulgated thereunder. We expect the operating
partnership to use the traditional method under
section 704(c) of the Code for allocating items with
respect to contributed property for which the fair market value
differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution.
Term
The operating partnership will continue for a term of
50 years or more, or until sooner dissolved upon:
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our bankruptcy, dissolution, removal or withdrawal (unless the
limited partners elect to continue the partnership);
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the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition
of all or substantially all the assets of the partnership;
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the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held
by us, if any); or
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an election by us in our capacity as the general partner.
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Tax
Matters
Pursuant to the partnership agreement, we will be the tax
matters partner of the operating partnership and will have
authority to handle tax audits and to make tax elections under
the Code on behalf of the operating partnership.
DESCRIPTION
OF PREFERRED STOCK
We are authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of April 1, 2005,
we had no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
The following description sets forth certain general terms and
provisions of the preferred stock to which any prospectus
supplement may relate. This description and the description
contained in any prospectus supplement are not complete and are
in all respects subject to and qualified in their entirety by
reference to our charter, the applicable articles supplementary
describing the terms of the related class or series of preferred
stock, and our bylaws, each of which we have filed or will file
with the SEC.
General
Subject to the limitations prescribed by Maryland law and our
charter and bylaws, our board of directors is authorized to
establish the number of shares constituting each series of
preferred stock and to designate and issue, from time to time,
one or more classes or series of preferred stock with the
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications or
terms and conditions of redemption as may be fixed by resolution
of the board of directors or duly authorized committee thereof.
The preferred stock will, when issued, be fully paid and
nonassessable and will not have, or be subject to, any
preemptive or similar rights.
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The prospectus supplement relating to the class or series of
preferred stock being offered thereby will describe the specific
terms of such securities, including:
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the title and stated value of such preferred stock;
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the number of shares of such preferred stock offered, the
liquidation preference per share and the offering price of such
preferred stock;
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the dividend rate(s), period(s)
and/or
payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation thereof applicable
to such preferred stock;
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whether dividends shall be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if
cumulative, the date from which dividends on such preferred
stock shall accumulate;
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the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for such
preferred stock;
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the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for such preferred
stock;
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the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of such preferred
stock;
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any listing of such preferred stock on any securities exchange;
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the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such
preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock,
including the conversion price (or manner of calculation
thereof) and conversion period;
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any voting rights of such preferred stock;
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a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax
considerations applicable to such preferred stock;
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the relative ranking and preferences of such preferred stock as
to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution
or winding up;
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any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred
stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such class or series
of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up;
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any other limitations on actual and constructive ownership and
restrictions on transfer, in each case as may be appropriate to
preserve our status as a REIT; and
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or
restrictions of such preferred stock.
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Rank
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement relating
to a particular class or series of preferred stock, the
preferred stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights
upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, rank:
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senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all
equity securities ranking junior to such preferred stock;
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on a parity with all equity securities issued by us, the terms
of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank
on a parity with the preferred stock; and
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junior to all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which
specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to
the preferred stock.
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As used for these purposes, the term equity
securities does not include convertible debt securities.
Dividends
Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the
preferred stock will have the rights with respect to payment of
dividends set forth below.
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Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class
or series of our capital stock ranking senior to the preferred
stock as to dividends, holders of shares of each class or series
of preferred stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if
authorized by our board of directors and declared by us, out of
assets legally available for payment, cash dividends at such
rates and on such dates as will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement. Each such dividend will be payable to
holders of record as they appear on our stock transfer books on
such record dates as are fixed by our board of directors.
Dividends on any class or series of the preferred stock may be
cumulative or non-cumulative, as provided in the applicable
prospectus supplement. Dividends, if cumulative, will accumulate
from and after the date set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. If we fail to declare a dividend payable on a
dividend payment date on any class or series of preferred stock
for which dividends are non-cumulative, then the holders of such
class or series of preferred stock will have no right to receive
a dividend in respect of the dividend period ending on such
dividend payment date, and we will have no obligation to pay the
dividend accrued for such period, whether or not dividends on
such class or series of preferred stock are declared payable on
any future dividend payment date.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement, if any shares of any class or series of preferred
stock are outstanding, we generally may not declare, pay or set
apart for payment full dividends on any of our capital stock of
any other class or series ranking, as to dividends, on a parity
with or junior to such class or series of preferred stock for
any period unless:
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if such class or series of preferred stock has a cumulative
dividend, full cumulative dividends have been or
contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum
sufficient for the payment thereof irrevocably set apart for
such payment on such class or series of preferred stock for all
past dividend periods and the then current dividend
period; or
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if such class or series of preferred stock does not have a
cumulative dividend, full dividends for the then current
dividend period have been or contemporaneously are declared and
paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof
irrevocably set apart for such payment on such class or series
of preferred stock.
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When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for
such full payment is not so irrevocably set apart) upon the
shares of preferred stock of any class or series and the shares
of any other class or series of preferred stock ranking on a
parity as to dividends with the preferred stock of such class or
series, all dividends declared upon shares of such class or
series of preferred stock and any other class or series of
preferred stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with such
preferred stock will be declared pro rata so that the amount of
dividends declared per share on the preferred stock of such
class or series and such other class or series of preferred
stock will in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that
accrued and unpaid dividends per share on the shares of
preferred stock of such class or series (which shall not include
any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends for prior
dividend periods if such preferred stock does not have a
cumulative dividend) and such other class or series of preferred
stock bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu
of interest, will be payable in respect of any dividend payment
or payments on shares of preferred stock which may be in arrears.
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, except as provided in the immediately preceding
paragraph, unless
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if such class or series of preferred stock has a cumulative
dividend, full cumulative dividends on such class or series of
preferred stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and
paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof
irrevocably set apart for payment for all past dividend periods
and the then current dividend period, and
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if such series of preferred stock does not have a cumulative
dividend, full dividends on the preferred stock of such series
have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared
and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof irrevocably set
apart for payment for the then current dividend period,
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no dividends (other than in common stock or other capital stock
ranking junior to such class or series of preferred stock as to
dividends and upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up)
may be authorized, declared or paid or set aside for payment or
other distribution may be authorized, declared or made upon our
common stock or any other of
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our capital stock ranking junior to or on a parity with such
class or series of preferred stock as to dividends or upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and no common stock or
any other of our capital stock ranking junior to or on a parity
with such class or series of preferred stock as to dividends or
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up may be redeemed,
purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any
moneys be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the
redemption of any shares of any such stock) by us (except by
conversion into or exchange for our other capital stock ranking
junior to such class or series of preferred stock as to
dividends and upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up,
and except for a redemption or purchase or other acquisition of
shares of our common stock made for purposes of an employee
benefit plan of the Company or any subsidiary or as otherwise
provided for under our charter to protect our status as a REIT).
Any dividend payment made on shares of a class or series of
preferred stock will first be credited against the earliest
accrued but unpaid dividend due with respect to shares of such
class or series which remains payable.
Redemption
If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the
shares of preferred stock will be subject to mandatory
redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in
each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption
prices set forth in such prospectus supplement.
The prospectus supplement relating to a class or series of
preferred stock that is subject to mandatory redemption will
specify:
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the number of shares of preferred stock that we will redeem;
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the dates on or the period during which we will redeem the
shares; and
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the redemption price that we will pay per share, together with
an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon
(which shall not, if such preferred stock does not have a
cumulative dividend, include any accumulation in respect of
unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods) to the date of
redemption.
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The redemption price may be payable in cash or other property,
as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the
redemption price for any class or series of preferred stock is
payable only from the net proceeds of the issuance of our
capital stock, the terms of such preferred stock may provide
that, if no such capital stock was issued or to the extent the
net proceeds from any issuance are insufficient to pay in full
the aggregate redemption price then due, such preferred stock
will automatically and mandatorily be converted into shares of
our applicable capital stock pursuant to conversion provisions
specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless
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if such class or series of preferred stock has a cumulative
dividend, full cumulative dividends on all shares of any class
or series of preferred stock shall have been or
contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum
sufficient for the payment thereof irrevocably set apart for
payment for all past dividend periods and the then current
dividend period, and
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if such class or series of preferred stock does not have a
cumulative dividend, full dividends on the preferred stock of
any series have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid
or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof
irrevocably set apart for payment for the then current dividend
period,
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no shares of any class or series of preferred stock shall be
redeemed unless all outstanding shares of such class or series
of preferred stock are simultaneously redeemed; provided,
however, that the foregoing shall not prevent the purchase or
acquisition of shares of such class or series of preferred stock
pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms
to holders of all outstanding shares of such class or series of
preferred stock or to preserve our status as a REIT.
If fewer than all of the outstanding shares of preferred stock
of any class or series are to be redeemed, we will determine the
number of shares to be redeemed and such shares may be redeemed
pro rata from the holders of record of such shares in proportion
to the number of such shares held by such holders (with
adjustments to avoid redemption of fractional shares) or any
other equitable method determined by us that will not result in
violation of the ownership limitations set forth in our charter.
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Notice of redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but
not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each
holder of record of a share of preferred stock of any class or
series to be redeemed at the address shown on our stock transfer
books. Each notice of redemption will state:
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the redemption date;
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the number of shares and class or series of the preferred stock
to be redeemed;
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the redemption price;
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the place or places where certificates for such preferred stock
are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price;
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that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will cease to accrue
on such redemption date; and
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the date upon which the holders conversion rights, if any,
as to such shares will terminate.
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If fewer than all the shares of preferred stock of any class or
series are to be redeemed, the notice of redemption will also
specify the number of shares of preferred stock to be redeemed
from each holder. If notice of redemption of any shares of
preferred stock has been given and if the funds necessary for
such redemption have been irrevocably set apart by us in trust
for the benefit of the holders of any shares of preferred stock
so called for redemption, then from and after the redemption
date dividends will cease to accrue on such shares of preferred
stock, such shares of preferred stock will no longer be deemed
outstanding and all rights of the holders of such shares will
terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price.
Any shares of preferred stock that we redeem or repurchase will
be retired and restored to the status of authorized but unissued
shares of preferred stock.
Liquidation
Preference
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of our affairs, then, before any distribution or
payment may be made to the holders of any common stock or any
other class or series of our capital stock ranking junior to the
preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of each
class or series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive
out of our assets legally available for distribution to
stockholders liquidating distributions in the amount of the
liquidation preference per share (set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement and articles supplementary), plus an
amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid thereon (which
will not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid dividends
for prior dividend periods if such preferred stock does not have
a cumulative dividend). After payment of the full amount of the
liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the
holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of
our remaining assets. In the event that, upon any such voluntary
or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, our
legally available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of
the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of
preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all
shares of other classes or series of our capital stock ranking
on a parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of
assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, then the
holders of the preferred stock and all other such classes or
series of capital stock will share ratably in any such
distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating
distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively
entitled.
After liquidating distributions have been made in full to all
holders of shares of preferred stock, our remaining assets will
be distributed among the holders of any other classes or series
of capital stock ranking junior to the preferred stock upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, according to their
respective rights and preferences and in each case according to
their respective number of shares. For such purposes, our
consolidation or merger with or into any other corporation, or
the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially
all of our property or business, will not be deemed to
constitute our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.
Voting
Rights
Holders of our preferred stock generally will not have any
voting rights, except as otherwise required by law from time to
time or as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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Conversion
Rights
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any class
or series of preferred stock are convertible into our common
stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement
relating thereto. Such terms will include the number of shares
of common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible,
the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the
conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be
at the option of the holders of the preferred stock or at our
option, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion
price and provisions affecting conversion in the event of the
redemption of such preferred stock.
Restrictions
on Ownership
Our charter provides that no person may beneficially own,
actually or constructively, more than 9.9% of the value or
number, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding
capital stock. See Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer.
Transfer
Agent
The registrar and transfer agent for a particular series of
preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
RESTRICTIONS
ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER
For us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our shares of stock
must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other
than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been
made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares
of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities)
during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first
year for which an election to be a REIT has been made).
In order to help us to satisfy the requirements set forth in the
preceding paragraph, our charter, subject to certain exceptions,
contains restrictions on the number of shares of our stock that
a person may own. Our charter provides that no person may own,
or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of
the Code, more than 9.9% (the Aggregate Stock Ownership
Limit) in value or in number, whichever is more
restrictive, of our outstanding shares of stock. In addition,
our charter prohibits any person or persons acting as a group
from acquiring or holding, directly or indirectly, shares of
common stock in excess of 9.9% in value or in number, whichever
is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock
(the Common Stock Ownership Limit).
In addition to these ownership limits, our charter prohibits:
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any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of
our stock that would result in us being closely held
under Section 856(h) of the Code;
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any transfer of shares of our stock that would result in our
stock being beneficially owned by fewer than
100 persons; and
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any transfer of shares of our stock that would cause us to own,
directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the ownership interests
in a tenant of our company (or a tenant of any entity owned or
controlled by us).
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Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire
beneficial or constructive ownership of our shares of stock that
will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on
transferability and ownership, or any person who would have
owned shares of our stock that resulted in a transfer of shares
to a charitable trust, as described below, is required to give
written notice immediately to us, or in the case of a proposed
or attempted transaction, to give at least 15 days
prior written notice, and provide us with such other information
as we may request in order to determine the effect of such
transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on
transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of
directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest
to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
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Furthermore, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may
exempt a person from the above ownership limits and any of the
restrictions described in the first sentence of the paragraph
directly above. However, the board of directors may not grant an
exemption to any person unless the board of directors obtains
such representations, covenants and undertakings as the board of
directors may deem appropriate in order to determine that
granting the exemption would not result in our failing to
qualify as a REIT. As a condition of exemption, our board of
directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service
or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance
satisfactory to the board of directors, in its sole discretion,
in order to determine or ensure our status as a REIT.
In April 2005, our board of directors granted an exemption to
Hotchkis & Wiley Capital Management permitting them to
own up to 12.5% of our outstanding common stock.
If any transfer of our shares of stock occurs which, if
effective, would result in our shares of stock being owned by
fewer than 100 persons, would cause us to be closely
held under the Code, would cause us to own, directly or
indirectly, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant
of our company (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by
us) or would result in any person beneficially or constructively
owning shares of stock in excess or in violation of the above
transfer or ownership limitations (a Prohibited
Owner), then that number of shares of stock the transfer
of which otherwise would cause such person to violate the
charter limitations (rounded up to the nearest whole share) will
be automatically transferred to a charitable trust for the
exclusive benefit of a charitable beneficiary, and the
Prohibited Owner will not acquire any rights in such shares.
This automatic transfer will be considered effective as of the
close of business on the business day before the violative
transfer. If the transfer to the charitable trust would not be
effective for any reason to prevent the violation of the above
transfer or ownership limitations, then the transfer of that
number of shares of stock that otherwise would cause any person
to violate the above limitations will be void. Shares of stock
held in the charitable trust will constitute issued and
outstanding shares of our stock. The Prohibited Owner will not
benefit economically from ownership of any shares of stock held
in the charitable trust, will have no rights to dividends or
other distributions and will not possess any rights to vote or
other rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the
charitable trust. The trustee of the charitable trust will be
designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us or any
Prohibited Owner and will have all voting rights and rights to
dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of stock
held in the charitable trust, and these rights will be exercised
for the exclusive benefit of the trusts beneficiary. Any
dividend or other distribution paid to the Prohibited Owner
before our discovery that shares of stock have been transferred
to the trustee will be paid by the Prohibited Owner to the
trustee upon demand, and any dividend or other distribution
authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any
dividend or distribution so paid to the trustee will be held in
trust for the trusts charitable beneficiary. The
Prohibited Owner will have no voting rights with respect to
shares of stock held in the charitable trust and, subject to
Maryland law, effective as of the date that such shares of stock
have been transferred to the trustee, the trustee, in its
discretion, will have the authority to:
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rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to our
discovery that such shares have been transferred to the trustee;
and
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recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee
acting for the benefit of the trusts beneficiary.
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However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action,
then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and
recast such vote.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of
stock have been transferred to the charitable trust, and unless
we buy the shares as described below, the trustee will sell the
shares of stock held in the charitable trust to a person,
designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will
not violate the ownership limitations in our charter. Upon the
sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares
sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net
proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the
charitable beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner will receive the
lesser of:
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the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the shares or, if the
Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares in connection
with the event causing the shares to be held in the charitable
trust (for example, in the case of a gift or devise) the market
price of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares
to be held in the charitable trust; and
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the price per share received by the trustee from the sale or
other disposition of the shares held in the charitable trust.
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Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the
Prohibited Owner will be paid immediately to the charitable
beneficiary. If, before our discovery that shares of stock have
been transferred to the charitable trust, such shares are sold
by a Prohibited Owner, then:
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such shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the
charitable trust; and
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to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for
such shares that exceeds the amount that the Prohibited Owner
was entitled to receive as described above, the excess must be
paid to the trustee upon demand.
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In addition, shares of stock held in the charitable trust will
be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee,
at a price per share equal to the lesser of:
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the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such
transfer to the charitable trust (or, in the case of a gift or
devise, the market price at the time of the gift or
devise); and
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the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept such
offer.
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We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has
sold the shares of stock held in the charitable trust. Upon such
a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the
shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the
net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and any
dividends or other distributions held by the trustee will be
paid to the charitable beneficiary.
All certificates representing our shares of stock will bear a
legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Every owner of more than 5% (or such lower percentages as
required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated
thereunder) of all classes or series of our shares of capital
stock must give written notice to us, within 30 days after
the end of each taxable year, of the name and address of such
owner, the number of shares of each class and series of shares
of stock which the owner beneficially owns and a description of
the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner must
also provide us with additional information as we may request to
determine the effect of the owners beneficial ownership on
our REIT status and to ensure compliance with the Aggregate
Stock Ownership Limit and the Common Stock Ownership Limit. In
addition, each of our stockholders, whether or not an owner of
5% or more of our capital stock, must provide us with
information as we may request to determine our REIT status and
to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or
governmental authority or to determine such compliance and to
ensure compliance with the Aggregate Stock Ownership Limit and
the Common Stock Ownership Limit.
These ownership and transfer limitations in our charter could
delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of
our company that might involve a premium price for our common
stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
DESCRIPTION
OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional
information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements,
summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt
securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the
terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any
future debt securities we may offer, we will describe the
particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in
more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms
of any debt securities we offer under that prospectus supplement
may differ from the terms we describe below.
The debt securities will be our direct unsecured general
obligations and may include debentures, notes, bonds or other
evidences of indebtedness. The debt securities will be either
senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt
securities will be issued under one or more separate indentures.
Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture,
and subordinated debt securities will be issued under a
subordinated indenture. We use the term indentures
to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated
indenture. A form of each of the
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senior indenture and the subordinated indenture is filed as an
exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part. The indentures will be qualified under the Trust
Indenture Act. We use the term indenture trustee to
refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee,
as applicable.
The following summaries of material provisions of the debt
securities and indentures are subject to, and qualified in their
entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture
applicable to a particular series of debt securities.
General
We will describe in each prospectus supplement the following
terms relating to a series of debt securities:
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the title or designation;
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any limit on the principal amount that may be issued;
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whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in
global form, the terms and the depository;
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the maturity date;
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the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the
method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin
to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular
record dates for interest payment dates or the method for
determining such dates;
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whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured,
and the terms of any secured debt;
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the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated
debt;
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the place where payments will be payable;
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our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum
length of any such deferral period;
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the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may,
at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to
any optional redemption provisions;
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the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are
obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund provisions or
otherwise, to redeem, or at the holders option to
purchase, the series of debt securities;
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whether the indenture will restrict our ability to pay
dividends, or will require us to maintain any asset ratios or
reserves;
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whether we will be restricted from incurring any additional
indebtedness;
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a discussion on any material or special U.S. federal income
tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;
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the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt
securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any
integral multiple thereof; and
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of,
or restrictions on, the debt securities.
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Conversion
or Exchange Rights
We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on
which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or
exchangeable for common stock or other securities. We will
include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is
mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may
include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of
common stock or other securities that the holders of the series
of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.
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Consolidation,
Merger or Sale
The indentures will not contain any covenant which restricts our
ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or
otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.
However, any successor to or acquirer of our assets must assume
all of our obligations under the indentures or the debt
securities, as appropriate.
Events of
Default Under the Indenture
The following will be events of default under the indentures
with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:
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if we fail to pay interest when due and our failure continues
for a number of days to be stated in the indenture and the time
for payment has not been extended or deferred;
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if we fail to pay the principal, or premium, if any, when due
and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed;
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if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in
the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant
specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and
our failure continues for a number of days to be stated in the
indenture after we receive notice from the indenture trustee or
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and
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if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization
occur as to us.
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If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any
series occurs and is continuing, the indenture trustee or the
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in
writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such
holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any,
and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or
event of default with respect to the series and its
consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding
payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we
have cured the default or event of default in accordance with
the indenture. Any waiver will cure the default or event of
default.
Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default
under an indenture occurs and is continuing, the indenture
trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its
rights or powers under such indenture at the request or
direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt
securities, unless such holders have offered the indenture
trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any
series will have the right to direct the time, method and place
of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
indenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on
the indenture trustee, with respect to the debt securities of
that series, provided that:
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the direction given by the holder is not in conflict with any
law or the applicable indenture; and
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subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the
indenture trustee need not take any action that might involve it
in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the
holders not involved in the proceeding.
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A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the
right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to
appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:
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the holder has given written notice to the indenture trustee of
a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
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the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series have made written
request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to
the indenture trustee to institute the proceeding as
trustee; and
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the indenture trustee does not institute the proceeding, and
does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that
series other conflicting directions within 60 days after
the notice, request and offer.
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These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder
of debt securities if we default in the payment of the
principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
We will periodically file statements with the indenture trustee
regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the
indentures.
Modification
of Indenture; Waiver
We and the indenture trustee may change an indenture without the
consent of any holders with respect to specific matters,
including:
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to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;
and
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to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the
interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.
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In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a
series of debt securities may be changed by us and the indenture
trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the
indenture trustee may only make the following changes with the
consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities
affected:
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extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;
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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending
the time of payment of interest, or any premium payable upon the
redemption of any debt securities; or
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reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which
are required to consent to any amendment.
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Discharge
Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from
our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt
securities, except for obligations to:
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register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the
series;
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replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
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maintain paying agencies;
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hold monies for payment in trust;
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compensate and indemnify the indenture trustee; and
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appoint any successor indenture trustee.
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In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must
deposit with the indenture trustee money or government
obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium,
if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on
the dates payments are due.
Form,
Exchange and Transfer
We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully
registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify
in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of
$1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide
that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or
permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be
deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or
another depository named by us and identified in a prospectus
supplement with respect to that series. See Book-Entry
Securities for a further description of the terms relating
to any book-entry securities.
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations
applicable to global securities described in the applicable
prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any
series, at its option, can exchange the debt securities for
other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized
denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
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Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations
applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may
present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of
transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed
thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security
registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the
office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose.
Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder
presents for transfer or exchange, no service charge will be
required for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we
may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the
security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the
security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt
securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer
agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or
approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent
acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer
agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each
series.
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will
not be required to:
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issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities
of that series during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of
redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for
redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the
mailing; or
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register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so
selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the
unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in
part.
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Information
Concerning the Indenture Trustee
The indenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and
continuance of an event of default under an indenture,
undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set
forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default
under an indenture, the indenture trustee must use the same
degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the
conduct of his or her own affairs, Subject to this provision,
the indenture trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of
the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any
holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable
security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities that it might incur.
Payment
and Paying Agents
Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt
securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose
name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities,
are registered at the close of business on the regular record
date for the interest.
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the
debt securities of a particular series at the office of the
paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise
indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make
interest payments by check which we will mail to the holder.
Unless we otherwise indicate in a prospectus supplement, we will
designate the corporate trust office of the indenture trustee in
the City of New York as our sole paying agent for payments with
respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the
applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we
initially designate for the debt securities of a particular
series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment
for the debt securities of a particular series.
All money we pay to a paying agent or the indenture trustee for
the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
any debt securities which remains unclaimed at the end of two
years after such principal, premium or interest has become due
and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the security
thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
Governing
Law
The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York,
except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
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Subordination
of Subordinated Notes
The subordinated notes will be unsecured and will be subordinate
and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other
indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement.
The subordinated indenture does not limit the amount of
subordinated notes which we may issue, It also does not limit us
from issuing any other secured or unsecured debt.
FEDERAL
INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR STATUS AS A REIT
This section summarizes the federal income tax issues that you,
as a holder of our securities, may consider relevant. Because
this section is a summary, it does not address all aspects of
taxation that may be relevant to particular securityholders in
light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to
certain types of securityholders that are subject to special
treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance
companies, tax-exempt organizations (except to the extent
discussed in Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
below), financial institutions or broker-dealers, and
non-U.S. individuals
and foreign corporations (except to the extent discussed in
Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders
below).
The statements in this section and the opinion of
Hunton & Williams LLP are based on the current federal
income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT. We cannot
assure you that new laws, interpretations of law, or court
decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively, will not
cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the
specific tax consequences to you of ownership of our securities
and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you
should consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal,
state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such
ownership and election, and regarding potential changes in
applicable tax laws.
Taxation
of our Company
We plan to make an election to be taxed as a REIT under the
federal income tax laws effective for our short taxable year
beginning on March 23, 2004 and ending on December 31,
2004. We believe that, commencing with such short taxable year,
we will be organized and will operate in such a manner as to
qualify for taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax
laws, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but
no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as
to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses
the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT
and its stockholders. These laws are highly technical and
complex.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to
federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to
our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it
avoids the double taxation, or taxation at both the
corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from
owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to
federal tax in the following circumstances:
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We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net
capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during,
or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in
which the income is earned.
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We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on
items of tax preference.
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We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on:
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net income from the sale or other disposition of property
acquired through foreclosure (foreclosure property)
that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business, and
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other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property.
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We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales or other
dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that
we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course
of business.
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If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% gross income test
or the 95% gross income test, as described below under
Requirements for Qualification Income
Tests, and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT
because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on:
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the greater of (i) the amount by which we fail the 75%
gross income test or (ii) the amount by which 95% (90% for
taxable years prior to 2005) of our gross income exceeds
the amount of our income qualifying under the 95% gross income
test, multiplied by
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a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
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In the event of a more than de minimis failure of any of the
asset tests occurring after January 1, 2005, as described
below under Requirements for
Qualification Asset Tests, as long as the
failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect
and we dispose of the assets or otherwise comply with the asset
tests within six months after the last day of the applicable
quarter, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or
35% of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the
period in which we failed to satisfy the asset test or tests.
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If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT
qualification during a taxable year beginning on or after
January 1, 2005, other than a gross income test or an asset
test, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each
such failure.
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If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum
of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year,
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar
year, and
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any undistributed income required to be distributed from earlier
periods,
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we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the
required distribution over the amount we actually distributed.
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We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term
capital gain. In that case, a U.S. stockholder would be
taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term
capital gain (to the extent that we make a timely designation of
such gain to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or
refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.
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We will be subject to a 100% tax on transactions with a taxable
REIT subsidiary that are not conducted on an arms-length
basis.
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If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation
that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a
merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the
asset that is determined by reference either to the C
corporations basis in the asset or to another asset, we
will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if
we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during
the 10-year
period after we acquire the asset. The amount of gain on which
we will pay tax is the lesser of:
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the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or
disposition, and
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the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold
the asset at the time we acquired it.
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Requirements
for Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each
of the following requirements:
1. It is managed by one or more trustees or directors.
2. Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable
shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest.
3. It would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for
the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws.
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4. It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance
company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax
laws.
5. At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares
or ownership certificates.
6. Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or
ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five
or fewer individuals, which the federal income tax laws define
to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable
year.
7. It elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a
previous taxable year. and satisfies all relevant filing and
other administrative requirements established by the IRS that
must be met to elect and maintain REIT status.
8. It meets certain other qualification tests, described
below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the
distribution of its income.
We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our entire taxable
year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days
of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate
part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Requirements
5 and 6 will apply to us beginning with our 2005 taxable year.
If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the
ownership of our outstanding stock in a taxable year and have no
reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be
deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year.
For purposes of determining share ownership under
requirement 6, an individual generally includes
a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a
private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set
aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An
individual, however, generally does not include a
trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing
trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of
such a trust will be treated as holding our stock in proportion
to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of
requirement 6.
We have issued common stock with sufficient diversity of
ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. In addition, our
charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our stock so
that we should continue to satisfy these requirements. The
provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer
of the common stock are described in Restrictions on
Ownership and Transfer.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. A corporation
that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a
qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets,
liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the
REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation,
all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT and that
has not elected to be a taxable REIT subsidiary. Thus, in
applying the requirements described herein, any qualified
REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all
assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit
of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities,
and items of income, deduction, and credit.
Other Disregarded Entities and
Partnerships. An unincorporated domestic entity,
such as a partnership or limited liability company, that has a
single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate
from its parent for federal income tax purposes. Prior to the
admittance of third-party limited partners, our operating
partnership will be treated as a disregarded entity. An
unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners generally
is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In
the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has
other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate
share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its
proportionate share of the gross income of the partnership for
purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Thus, our
proportionate share, based on percentage capital interests, of
the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership,
joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we acquire
an interest, directly or indirectly, will be treated as our
assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various
REIT qualification requirements.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A REIT is permitted
to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT
subsidiaries or TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation
that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if
earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT
must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A
corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than
35% of the voting power or value of
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the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no
more than 20% of the value of a REITs assets may consist
of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
A TRS will pay income tax at regular corporate rates on any
income that it earns. In addition, the TRS rules limit the
deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent
REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level
of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a 100% tax on
transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the
REITs tenants that are not conducted on an
arms-length basis. We have formed a TRS which will engage
in activity that could jeopardize our REIT status if engaged in
by us and will earn income that would not be qualifying income
if earned directly by us.
Taxable Mortgage Pools. An entity, or a
portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage
pool under the federal income tax laws if:
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substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or
interests in debt obligations;
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more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate
mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified
testing dates;
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the entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more
maturities; and
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the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt
obligations bear a relationship to the payments to
be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds
as assets.
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Under the Treasury regulations, if less than 80% of the assets
of an entity, or portion of an entity, consists of debt
obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to
comprise substantially all of its assets, and
therefore the entity would not be treated as a taxable mortgage
pool.
We may make investments or enter into financing and
securitization transactions that give rise to us being
considered to be, or owning an interest in, one or more taxable
mortgage pools. Where an entity, or a portion of an entity, is
classified as a taxable mortgage pool, it is generally treated
as a taxable corporation for federal income tax purposes.
However, special rules apply to a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or
a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a taxable mortgage pool. The
portion of the REITs assets, held directly or through a
qualified REIT subsidiary, that is treated as a taxable mortgage
pool is treated as a qualified REIT subsidiary that is not
subject to corporate income tax, and the taxable mortgage pool
classification does not affect the tax status of the REIT.
Rather, the consequences of the taxable mortgage pool
classification generally would, except as described below, be
limited to the REITs stockholders. The Treasury Department
has yet to issue regulations governing the tax treatment of the
stockholders of a REIT that owns an interest in a taxable
mortgage pool.
A portion of our income from a taxable mortgage pool
arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued income, or
phantom taxable income, could be treated as
excess inclusion income. Excess inclusion income is
an amount, with respect to any calendar quarter, equal to the
excess, if any, of (i) income allocable to the holder of a
residual interest in a REMIC or taxable mortgage pool interest
over (ii) the sum of an amount for each day in the calendar
quarter equal to the product of (a) the adjusted issue
price at the beginning of the quarter multiplied by
(b) 120% of the long-term federal rate (determined on the
basis of compounding at the close of each calendar quarter and
properly adjusted for the length of such quarter). This non-cash
or phantom income would nonetheless be subject to
the distribution requirements that apply to us and could
therefore adversely affect our liquidity. See
Requirements for Qualification
Distribution Requirements.
Our excess inclusion income would be allocated among our
stockholders. A stockholders share of excess inclusion
income (i) would not be allowed to be offset by any net
operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder,
(ii) would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable
income in the hands of most tax-exempt stockholders, and
(iii) would result in the application of U.S. federal
income tax withholding at the maximum rate of 30%, without
reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty, to the
extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. See
Taxation of Tax-Exempt
Stockholders and Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders.
The manner in which excess inclusion income would be allocated
among shares of different classes of our stock or how such
income is to be reported to stockholders is not clear under
current law. Tax-exempt investors, foreign investors, and
taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider
the tax consequences described above and are urged to consult
their tax advisors in connection with their decision to invest
in our common stock.
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If we were to own less than all of the equity interests in an
entity that is classified as a taxable mortgage pool, the
foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the entity would be
treated as an ordinary corporation for federal income tax
purposes, and its taxable income would be subject to corporate
income tax. In addition, this characterization could adversely
affect our compliance with the REIT gross income and asset
tests. We currently do not own, and do not intend to own, some,
but less than all, of the equity interests in an entity that is
or will become a taxable mortgage pool, and we intend to monitor
the structure of any taxable mortgage pools in which we have an
interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect our
status as a REIT.
Income
Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our
qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income
for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income
that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments
relating to real property or mortgages on real property or
qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for
purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:
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rents from real property;
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interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property;
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dividends or other distributions on. and gain from the sale of,
shares in other REITs;
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gain from the sale of real estate assets;
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amounts, such as commitment fees, received in consideration for
entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real
property, unless such amounts are determined by income and
profits; and
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income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that
is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public
offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years
and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the
date on which we received such new capital.
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Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each
taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income
for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of
interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities, or any combination of these. Gross income
from servicing fees, loan origination fees, financial advisory
fees and structuring fees receivable are not qualifying income
for purposes of either gross income test. In addition, gross
income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from
both the numerator and the denominator in both income tests. For
taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2005,
income and gain from hedging transactions that we
enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred, or to be incurred, to
acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and
timely identified as such will be excluded from both the
numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 95% gross
income test (but not the 75% gross income test). We will monitor
the amount of our nonqualifying income and we will manage our
portfolio to comply at all times with the gross income tests.
The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the
gross income tests to us.
Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive
from real property that we own and lease to tenants will qualify
as rents from real property, which is qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only
if the following conditions are met.
First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part
on the income or profits of any person. Any participating or
percentage rent, however, will qualify as rents from real
property if it is based on percentages of receipts or
sales and the percentages:
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are fixed at the time the leases are entered into;
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are not renegotiated during the term of the leases in a manner
that has the effect of basing percentage rent on income or
profits; and
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conform with normal business practice.
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More generally, any participating or percentage rent will not
qualify as rents from real property if, considering
the leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the
arrangement does not conform with normal
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business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing
the rent on income or profits. Since the rent that we expect to
receive will not be based on the lessees income or sales,
our rent should not be considered based in whole or in part on
the income or profits of any person. Furthermore, we have
represented that, with respect to other properties that we
acquire in the future, we will not charge rent for any property
that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of
any person, except by reason of being based on a fixed
percentage of gross revenues, as described above.
Second, we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more
of the stock or the assets or net profits of any lessee (a
related party tenant) other than a TRS. The
constructive ownership rules generally provide that, if 10% or
more in value of our stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by
or for any person, we are considered as owning the stock owned,
directly or indirectly, by or for such person. We do not own any
stock or any assets or net profits of any lessee directly. In
addition, our charter prohibits transfers of our common stock
that would cause us to own actually or constructively, 10% or
more of the ownership interests in a lessee. Based on the
foregoing, we should never own, actually or constructively, 10%
or more of any lessee other than a TRS. Furthermore, we have
represented that, with respect to other properties that we
acquire in the future, we will not rent any property to a
related party tenant. However, because the constructive
ownership rules are broad and it is not possible to monitor
continually direct and indirect transfers of our common stock,
no absolute assurance can be given that such transfers or other
events of which we have no knowledge will not cause us to own
constructively 10% or more of a lessee other than a TRS at some
future date.
As described above, we may own up to 100% of the stock of one or
more TRSs. As an exception to the related party tenant rule
described in the preceding paragraph, rent that we receive from
a TRS will qualify as rents from real property as
long as (i) the TRS is a qualifying TRS (among other
things, it does not directly or indirectly operate or manage any
hotels or health care facilities or provide rights to any brand
name under which any hotel or health care facility is operated),
(ii) at least 90% of the leased space in the property is
leased to persons other than TRSs and related party tenants, and
(iii) the amount paid by the TRS to rent space at the
property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other
tenants of the property for comparable space. The
substantially comparable requirement must be
satisfied when the lease is entered into, when it is extended,
and when the lease is modified, if the modification increases
the rent paid by the TRS. If the requirement that at least 90%
of the leased space in the related property is rented to
unrelated tenants is met when a lease is entered into, extended,
or modified, such requirement will continue to be met as long as
there is no increase in the space leased to any TRS or related
party tenant. Any increased rent attributable to a modification
of a lease with a TRS in which we own directly or indirectly
more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock (a
controlled TRS) will not be treated as rents
from real property.
Third, the rent attributable to the personal property leased in
connection with the lease of a property must not be greater than
15% of the total rent received under the lease. The rent
attributable to the personal property contained in a property is
the amount that bears the same ratio to total rent for the
taxable year as the average of the fair market values of the
personal property at the beginning and at the end of the taxable
year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market values of
both the real and personal property contained in the property at
the beginning and at the end of such taxable year (the
personal property ratio). With respect to each
property, we believe either that the personal property ratio is
less than 15% or that any income attributable to excess personal
property will not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS would not
challenge our calculation of a personal property ratio, or that
a court would not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge
were successfully asserted, we could fail to satisfy the 75% or
95% gross income test and thus lose our REIT status.
Fourth, we generally cannot furnish or render noncustomary
services to the tenants of our properties, or manage or operate
our properties, other than through an independent contractor who
is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or
receive any income. However, we need not provide services
through an independent contractor, but instead may
provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are
usually or customarily rendered in connection with
the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to
be provided for the tenants convenience. In addition, we
may provide a minimal amount of noncustomary
services to the tenants of a property, other than through an
independent contractor, as long as our income from the services
does not exceed 1% of our gross income from the related
property. Finally, we may own up to 100% of the stock of one or
more TRSs, which may provide noncustomary services to our
tenants without tainting our rents from the
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related properties. We do not perform any services other than
customary ones for our lessees. Furthermore, we have represented
that, with respect to other properties that we acquire in the
future, we will not perform noncustomary services for the
lessees of the property to the extent that the provision of such
services would jeopardize our REIT status.
If a portion of the rent that we receive from a property does
not qualify as rents from real property because the
rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total
rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is
attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income
for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus,
if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other
income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95%
gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross
income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. If,
however, the rent from a particular property does not qualify as
rents from real property because either (i) the
rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related
lessee, (ii) the lessee either is a related party tenant or
fails to qualify for the exception to the related party tenant
rule for qualifying TRSs, or (iii) we furnish noncustomary
services to the tenants of the property, or manage or operate
the property, other than through a qualifying independent
contractor or a TRS, none of the rent from that property would
qualify as rents from real property. In that case,
we might lose our REIT status because we would be unable to
satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test.
In addition to rent, our lessees are required to pay certain
additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges
represent either (i) reimbursements of amounts that we are
obligated to pay to third parties, such as a lessees
proportionate share of a propertys operational or capital
expenses or (ii) penalties for nonpayment or late payment
of such amounts, such charges should qualify as rents from
real property. However, to the extent that charges
described in clause (ii) do not qualify as rents from
real property, they instead may be treated as interest
that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.
Interest. The term interest, as
defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally
excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. However, interest generally
includes the following:
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an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of
receipts or sales; and
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an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as
long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from
the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially
all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that
the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying
rents from real property if received directly by a
REIT.
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If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a
percentage of the borrowers gain upon the sale of the real
property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation
in the propertys value as of a specific date, income
attributable to that loan provision generally will be treated as
gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which
generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income
tests.
Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property, including, for this purpose,
prepayment penalties, loan assumption fees, and late payment
charges that are not compensation for services, generally is
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.
However, if the highest principal amount of a loan outstanding
during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real
property securing the loan as of the date the REIT agreed to
originate or acquire the loan, a portion of the interest income
from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the
75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test. The portion of the
interest income that will not be qualifying income for purposes
of the 75% gross income test will be equal to the portion of the
principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real
property that is, the amount by which the principal
amount of the loan exceeds the value of the real estate that is
security for the loan.
Mezzanine loans that we originate generally will not be secured
by a direct interest in real property. Instead, our mezzanine
loans generally will be secured by ownership interests in an
entity owning real property. In Revenue Procedure
2003-65, the
Internal Revenue Service established a safe harbor under which
interest from loans secured by a first priority security
interest in ownership interests in a partnership or limited
liability company owning real property will be treated as
qualifying income for both the 75% and 95% gross income tests,
provided several
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requirements are satisfied. Although we anticipate that any
mezzanine loans that we extend will qualify for the safe harbor
in Revenue Procedure
2003-65, it
is possible that we may make some mezzanine loans that do not
qualify for that safe harbor. In those cases, the interest
income from the loan will be qualifying income for purposes of
the 95% gross income test, but potentially will not be
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We
will make mezzanine loans that do not qualify for the safe
harbor in Revenue Procedure
2003-65 only
to the extent that the interest from those loans, combined with
our other nonqualifying income, will not cause us to fail to
satisfy the 75% gross income test.
We also may originate construction or development loans. As
stated above, in order to determine whether the interest income
from a loan is qualifying income for purposes of the gross
income tests, we generally compare the loan amount, or the
highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable
year, to the loan value, or the fair market value of the real
property securing the loan as of the date we agree to originate
or acquire the loan. However, in the case of a construction or
development loan, the loan value is equal to the fair market
value of the land plus the reasonably estimated cost of the
improvements or developments (other than personal property)
which will secure the loan and which are to be constructed from
the proceeds of the loan, determined as of the date we agree to
originate the loan. If we do not make the construction loan but
commit to provide long-term financing following completion of
construction, the loan value is determined by using the
principles for determining the loan value for a construction
loan. In addition, if the mortgage on the real property is given
as additional security (or as a substitute for other security)
for the loan after our commitment to extend the loan is binding,
the loan value is equal to the fair market value of the real
property when it becomes security for the loan (or, if earlier,
when the borrower makes a binding commitment to add or
substitute the property as security).
The interest, original issue discount, and market discount
income that we receive from our mortgage loans and
mortgage-backed securities generally are qualifying income for
purposes of both gross income tests. However, as discussed
above, if the fair market value of the real estate securing any
of our loans is less than the principal amount of the loan, a
portion of the income from that loan will be qualifying income
for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not the 75% gross
income test. In addition, to the extent that any mezzanine loans
that we extend do not qualify for the safe harbor described
above, the interest income from the loans will be qualifying
income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but
potentially will not be qualifying income for purposes of the
75% gross income test.
Fee Income. We may receive various fees in
connection with our mortgage loans. The fees will be qualifying
income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% income tests if they
are received in consideration for entering into an agreement to
make a loan secured by real property, and the fees are not
determined by income and profits. Therefore, commitment fees
generally will be qualifying income for purposes of the income
tests. Other fees, such as fees received for servicing loans for
third parties, origination fees, and financial advisory fees,
are not qualifying income for purposes of either income test. To
the extent necessary, one of our TRSs will conduct loan
servicing and financial advisory functions that generate fee
income that is not qualifying income. In this case, the income
earned by our TRS from these services will not be included for
purposes of the REIT gross income tests.
Dividends. Our share of any dividends received
from any corporation (including a TRS but not another REIT) in
which we own an equity interest will be qualifying income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of
the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received
from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest will be
qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we
enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of
our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include
entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to
purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. For
taxable years prior to 2005, to the extent that we entered into
an interest rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract,
forward rate agreement, or any similar financial instrument to
hedge our indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real
estate assets, any periodic income or gain from the
disposition of such contract should have been qualifying income
for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross
income test. For taxable years beginning on and after
January 1, 2005, income and gain from hedging
transactions will be excluded from gross income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test (but not the 75% gross
income test). For those taxable years, a hedging
transaction means any transaction entered into in the
normal course of our trade or business primarily to manage the
risk of interest rate or price changes, or
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currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be
made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to
acquire or carry real estate assets. We are required to clearly
identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the
day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into. We
intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that
does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a
100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other
disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that
the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our
assets will be held primarily for sale to customers and that a
sale of any of our assets will not be in the ordinary course of
our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or
business depends, however, on the facts and circumstances
in effect, from time to time, including those related to a
particular asset. Nevertheless, we will attempt to comply with
the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax
laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as
a prohibited transaction. We cannot assure you, however, that we
can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid
owning property that may be characterized as property that we
hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business. To the extent necessary to
avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we will conduct sales of
our loans through one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
It is our current intention that any securitizations that we
undertake with regard to our mortgage loans will not be treated
as sales for tax purposes. If we were to transfer a mortgage
loan to a REMIC, this transfer would be treated as a sale for
tax purposes and the sale may be subject to the prohibited
transactions tax. As a result, we intend to securitize our
mortgage loans only in non-REMIC transactions.
Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to
tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure
property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses
directly connected with the production of that income. However,
gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the
75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real
property, including interests in real property, and any personal
property incident to such real property:
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that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid
on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced
such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process
of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a
lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property
secured;
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for which the related loan or leased property was acquired by
the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or
anticipated; and
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for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property
as foreclosure property.
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However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a
property where the REIT takes control of the property as a
mortgagee-in-possession
and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a
creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be
foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year
following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the
property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary
of the Treasury. This grace period terminates and foreclosure
property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
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on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its
terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for
purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received
or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered
into on or after such day that will give rise to income that
does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test;
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on which any construction takes place on the property, other
than completion of a building or any other improvement, where
more than 10% of the construction was completed before default
became imminent; or
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which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT
acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or
business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an
independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive
or receive any income.
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Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we
fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any
taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that
year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the
federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally will
be available if:
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our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and
not due to willful neglect; and
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following such failure for any taxable year, a schedule of the
sources of our income is filed in accordance with regulations
prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
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For taxable years prior to 2005, any incorrect information on
the schedule of the sources of our income must not have been due
to fraud with intent to evade tax.
We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we
would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as
discussed above in Taxation of Our Company, even if
the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the
gross income attributable to the greater of (i) the amount
by which we fail the 75% gross income test or (ii) the
amount by which 95% (90% for taxable years prior to
2005) of our gross income exceeds the amount of our income
qualifying under the 95% gross income test, in each case
multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset
Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset
tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. At least
75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:
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cash or cash items, including certain receivables;
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government securities;
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to
acquire real property and leaseholds;
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interests in mortgages on real property;
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stock in other REITs; and
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investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year
period following our receipt of new capital that we raise
through equity offerings or offerings of debt with at least a
five-year term.
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Of our investments not included in the 75% asset class:
First, the value of our interest in any one issuers
securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
Second, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or
value of any one issuers outstanding securities.
Third, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of one or more TRSs.
Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of TRSs and other non-TRS taxable
subsidiaries and other assets that are not qualifying assets for
purposes of the 75% asset test.
For purposes of the 5% and 10% asset tests, the term
securities does not include stock in another REIT,
equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS,
mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity
interests in a partnership. The term securities,
however, generally includes debt securities issued by a
partnership or another REIT, except that for purposes of the 10%
value test, the term securities does not include:
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Straight debt, defined as a written unconditional
promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in
money if (i) the debt is not convertible, directly or
indirectly, into stock, and (ii) the interest rate and
interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the
borrowers discretion, or similar factors. Straight
debt securities do not include any securities issued by a
partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled TRS
(i.e., a TRS in which we own directly or indirectly more than
50% of the voting power or value of the stock) holds
non-straight debt securities that have an aggregate
value of more than 1% of the
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issuers outstanding securities. However, straight
debt securities include debt subject to the following
contingencies:
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a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or
principal, as long as either (i) there is no change to the
effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to
the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5%
of the annual yield, or (ii) neither the aggregate issue
price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuers debt
obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than
12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can
be required to be prepaid; and
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a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a
default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the
contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice;
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Any loan to an individual or an estate;
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Any section 467 rental agreement, other
than an agreement with a related party tenant;
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Any obligation to pay rents from real property;
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Any security issued by a state or any political subdivision
thereof, the District of Columbia, a foreign government of any
political subdivision thereof, or the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, but only if the determination of any payment thereunder
does not depend in whole or in part on the profits of any entity
not described in this paragraph or payments on any obligation
issued by an entity not described in this paragraph;
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Any security issued by a REIT;
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes to the extent of our interest as a
partner in the partnership; or
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Any debt instrument of an entity treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding
bullet points if at least 75% of the partnerships gross
income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test
described above in Requirements for
Qualification-Income Tests.
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For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of
the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any
securities issued by the partnership, without regard to
securities described in the last two bullet points above.
We believe that all or substantially all of the real property,
mortgage loans, and mortgage-backed securities that we own are
qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. For
purposes of these rules, however, if the outstanding principal
balance of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the
real property securing the loan (determined as described under
Income Tests Interest above), a portion
of such loan likely will not be a qualifying real estate asset
under the federal income tax laws. Although the law on the
matter is not entirely clear, it appears that the non-qualifying
portion of that mortgage loan will be equal to the portion of
the loan amount that exceeds the value of the associated real
property that is security for that loan. In addition, any
mezzanine loan that we extend generally will be secured by
ownership interests in an entity owning real property. We
anticipate that most or all of such mezzanine loans will qualify
for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure
2003-65
pursuant to which certain loans secured by a first priority
security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or
limited liability company will be treated as qualifying assets
for purposes of the 75% asset test. See Income
Tests. However, it is possible that we may make some
mezzanine loans that do not qualify for that safe harbor and
that do not qualify as straight debt securities for
purposes of the 10% value test. We will make mezzanine loans
that do not qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure
2003-65 or
as straight debt securities only to the extent that
such loans will not cause us to fail the asset tests described
above. Furthermore, to the extent that we own debt securities
issued by other REITs or C corporations that are not secured by
mortgages on real property, those debt securities will not be
qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. Instead,
we would be subject to the 5% and 10% asset tests with respect
to those debt securities.
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the
various asset tests and will seek to manage our portfolio to
comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will be successful in this effort. In this
regard, to determine our compliance with these requirements, we
will need to estimate the value of
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the real estate securing our mortgage loans at various times.
Although we will seek to be prudent in making these estimates,
there can be no assurances that the IRS will not disagree with
these determinations and assert that a lower value is
applicable. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of
a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT status if:
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we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the immediately
preceding calendar quarter; and
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the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset
test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our
assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of
one or more non-qualifying assets.
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If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second
item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by
eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close
of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
In the event that, at the end of any calendar quarter in a
taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2005, we
violate the 5% or 10% asset test described above, we will not
lose our REIT status if (1) the failure is de minimis (up
to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and
(2) we dispose of assets or otherwise comply with the asset
tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in
which we discovered the failure of the asset test. In the event
of a more than de minimis failure of any of the asset tests at
the end of any calendar quarter in a taxable year beginning on
or after January 1, 2005, as long as the failure was due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose
our REIT status if we (1) dispose of assets or otherwise
comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day
of the quarter in which we discovered the failure of the asset
test and (2) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or
35% of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the
period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
Distribution
Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than
capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained
capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at
least equal to:
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90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without
regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain
or loss, and
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90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure
property, minus
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the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
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Generally, we must pay such distributions in the taxable year to
which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we
declare the distribution before we timely file our federal
income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or
before the first regular dividend payment date after such
declaration.
We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net
capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders.
Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or
by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of
distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the
last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such calendar year,
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95% of our REIT capital gain income for such calendar
year, and
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the excess, if any, of the grossed up required
distribution for the preceding calendar year over the
distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. The
grossed up required distribution for any calendar
year is the sum of the taxable income of the REIT for the
calendar year (without regard to the deduction for dividends
paid) and all amounts from earlier years that are not treated as
having been distributed under the provision,
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we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of
such required distribution over the distributed amount. The
distributed amount is the sum of (i) the deduction for
dividends paid during that calendar year, (ii) amounts on
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which the REIT is required to pay corporate tax, and
(iii) the excess, if any, of the distributed amount for the
preceding taxable year over the grossed up required distribution
for that preceding taxable year. We may elect to retain and pay
income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a
taxable year. See Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Stockholders. If we so elect, we will be treated
as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of
the 4% nondeductible excise tax described above. We intend to
make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual
distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income tax and
the 4% nondeductible excise tax.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing
differences between the actual receipt of income and actual
payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income
and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable
income. Possible examples of those timing differences include
the following:
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Because we may deduct capital losses only to the extent of our
capital gains, we may have taxable income that exceeds our
economic income.
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We will recognize taxable income in advance of the related cash
flow if any of our mortgage loans or subordinated structured
interests in net lease assets are deemed to have original issue
discount. We generally must accrue original issue discount based
on a constant yield method that takes into account projected
prepayments but that defers taking into account credit losses
until they are actually incurred.
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We may be required to recognize the amount of any payment
projected to be made pursuant to a provision in a mortgage loan
that entitles us to share in the gain from the sale of, or the
appreciation in, the mortgaged property over the term of the
related loan using the constant yield method, even though we may
not receive the related cash until the maturity of the loan.
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We may recognize taxable market discount income when we receive
the proceeds from the disposition of, or principal payments on,
loans that have a stated redemption price at maturity that is
greater than our tax basis in those loans, although such
proceeds often will be used to make non-deductible principal
payments on related borrowings.
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We may recognize taxable income without receiving a
corresponding cash distribution if we foreclose on or make a
significant modification to a loan, to the extent that the fair
market value of the underlying property or the principal amount
of the modified loan, as applicable, exceeds our basis in the
original loan.
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We may recognize phantom taxable income from any retained
ownership interests in mortgage loans subject to collateralized
mortgage obligation debt that we own.
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Although several types of non-cash income are excluded in
determining the annual distribution requirement, we may incur
corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax with respect to those
non-cash income items if we do not distribute those items on a
current basis. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less
cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income
and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax
imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we
may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred
stock.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure
to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying
deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later
year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction
for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able
to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency
dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based
upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency
dividends.
Recordkeeping
Requirements
We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an
annual basis information from our stockholders designed to
disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We
intend to comply with these requirements.
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Failure
to Qualify
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no
relief provision applies, we would be subject to federal income
tax and any applicable alternative minimum tax on our taxable
income at regular corporate rates. In calculating our taxable
income in a year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would
not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact,
we would not be required to distribute any amounts to
stockholders in that year. In such event, to the extent of our
current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions
to stockholders would be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to
certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate
stockholders might be eligible for the dividends received
deduction. Unless we qualified for relief under specific
statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from
taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year
during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict
whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory
relief.
For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2005,
if we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT
qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset
tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty
of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief
provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset
tests, as described above in Income
Tests and Asset Tests.
Taxation
of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
The term U.S. stockholder means a holder of our
common stock that, for United States federal income tax
purposes, is:
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a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation or partnership (including an entity treated as a
corporation or partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United
States or of a political subdivision of the United States;
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an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source; or
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any trust if (i) a U.S. court is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of such trust and
one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) it has a valid
election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
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As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable
U.S. stockholder must take into account as
ordinary income distributions made out of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as
capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain. A
U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends
received deduction generally available to corporations. In
addition, dividends paid to a U.S. stockholder generally
will not qualify for the 15% tax rate for qualified
dividend income. Qualified dividend income generally
includes dividends paid by domestic C corporations and certain
qualified foreign corporations to most U.S. noncorporate
stockholders. Because we are not generally subject to federal
income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income distributed
to our stockholders, our dividends generally will not be
eligible for the new 15% rate on qualified dividend income. As a
result, our ordinary REIT dividends will continue to be taxed at
the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income. Currently,
the highest marginal individual income tax rate on ordinary
income is 35%. However, the 15% tax rate for qualified dividend
income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends, if any, that
are (i) attributable to dividends received by us from
non-REIT corporations, such as our TRSs, and
(ii) attributable to income upon which we have paid
corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute
less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify
for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a
stockholder must hold our common stock for more than
60 days during the
120-day
period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the
date on which our common stock becomes ex-dividend.
If we declare a distribution in October, November, or December
of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record
on a specified date in any such month, such distribution shall
be treated as both paid by us and received by the
U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided
that we actually pay the distribution during January of the
following calendar year.
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A U.S. stockholder generally will recognize distributions
that we designate as capital gain dividends as long-term capital
gain without regard to the period for which the
U.S. stockholder has held its common stock. We generally
will designate our capital gain dividends as either 15% or 25%
rate distributions. See Capital Gains and
Losses. A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be
required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as
a preference item.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term
capital gain that we recognize in a taxable year. In that case,
a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate
share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The
U.S. stockholder would receive a credit or refund for its
proportionate share of the tax we paid. The
U.S. stockholder would increase the basis in its common
stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our
undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax
we paid.
A U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in
excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if
the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the
U.S. stockholders common stock. Instead, the
distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such common
stock. A U.S. stockholder will recognize a distribution in
excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits
and the U.S. stockholders adjusted basis in his or
her common stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term
capital gain if the common stock has been held for one year or
less, assuming the common stock is a capital asset in the hands
of the U.S. stockholder.
Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax
returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for
potential offset against our future income. Taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of the
common stock will not be treated as passive activity income and,
therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any
passive activity losses, such as losses from certain
types of limited partnerships in which the stockholder is a
limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our
common stock generally will be treated as investment income for
purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify
stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the
portions of the distributions attributable to that year that
constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
Our excess inclusion income generally will be allocated among
our stockholders to the extent that it exceeds our REIT taxable
income in a particular year. A stockholders share of
excess inclusion income would not be allowed to be offset by any
net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder.
Taxation
of U.S. Stockholders on the Disposition of Common
Stock
In general, a U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in
securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable
disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or
loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the common stock for
more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or
loss. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss upon
a sale or exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for
six-months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of
capital gain dividends and any other actual or deemed
distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder treats as
long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a
U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of the
common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder
purchases substantially identical common stock within
30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital
Gains and Losses
A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one
year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be
treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal
individual income tax rate currently is 35% (which rate will
apply for the period from January 1, 2003 to
December 31, 2010). The maximum tax rate on long-term
capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 15%
through December 31, 2008. The maximum tax rate on
long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of
section 1250 property, or depreciable real
property, is 25% to the extent that such gain would have been
treated as ordinary income if the property were
section 1245 property. With respect to
distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and
any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we
generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable
to our non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. Thus,
the tax rate differential between capital gain and ordinary
income for non-corporate taxpayers may be significant. In
addition, the characterization of income as capital gain or
ordinary
56
income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A
non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by
capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum
annual amount of $3,000 ($1,500 for married individuals filing
separate returns). A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward
unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must
pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate rates. A
corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent
of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three
years and forward five years.
Information
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of
dividends we pay during each calendar year, and the amount of
tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a
stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of
28% with respect to distributions unless the holder:
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is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories
and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or
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provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no
loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup
withholding rules.
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A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer
identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed
by the IRS, Any amount paid as backup withholding will be
creditable against the stockholders income tax liability.
In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital
gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their
non-foreign status to us. For a discussion of the backup
withholding rules as applied to
non-U.S. stockholders,
see Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders.
Taxation
of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and
profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts,
generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they
are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable
income, or UBTI. While many investments in real estate generate
UBTI, the IRS has issued a ruling that dividend distributions
from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not
constitute UBTI so long as the exempt employee pension trust
does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated
trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling,
amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally
should not constitute UBTI. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder
were to finance its acquisition of common stock with debt, a
portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute
UBTI pursuant to the debt-financed property rules.
Moreover, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group
legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special
provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to
different UBTI rules, which may require them to characterize
distributions that they receive from us as UBTI. Furthermore, a
tax-exempt stockholders share of our excess inclusion
income would be subject to tax as UBTI. Finally, in certain
circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing
trust that owns more than 10% of our stock must treat a
percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as UBTI.
Such percentage is equal to the gross income we derive from an
unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension
trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which
we pay or are treated as having paid the dividends. That rule
applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our stock
only if:
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the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust must
treat as UBTI is at least 5%;
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we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule
requiring that no more than 50% of our stock be owned by five or
fewer individuals that requires the beneficiaries of the pension
trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their
actuarial interests in the pension trust; and
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either
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at least one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of
our stock; or
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a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of
the value of our stock collectively owns more than 50% of the
value of our stock.
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57
Taxation
of
Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of
nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign
partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This
section is only a summary of such rules. We urge
non-U.S. stockholders
to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of
federal, foreign, state, and local income tax laws on ownership
of the common stock, including any reporting requirements.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests,
as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain
dividend or retained capital gain will recognize ordinary income
to the extent that we pay the distribution out of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30%
of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply
unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax.
However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected
with the
non-U.S. stockholders
conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will be subject to federal income tax on the
distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as
U.S. stockholders are taxed on distributions and also may
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a
corporate
non-U.S. stockholder.
We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on
the gross amount of any ordinary dividend paid to a
non-U.S. stockholder
unless either:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the
non-U.S. stockholder
files an IRS
Form W-8BEN
evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us, or
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the
non-U.S. stockholder
files an IRS
Form W-8ECI
with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected
income.
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However, reduced treaty rates are not available to the extent
that the income allocated to the foreign stockholder is excess
inclusion income. Our excess inclusion income generally will be
allocated among our stockholders to the extent that it exceeds
our REIT taxable income in a particular year.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
will not incur U.S. tax on a distribution in excess of our
current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess
portion of the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis
of its common stock. Instead, the excess portion of the
distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of that common
stock. A
non-U.S. stockholder
will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our
current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted
basis of the common stock, if the
non-U.S. stockholder
otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or
disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we
generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution
whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax
on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we
would withhold on a dividend. However, by filing a U.S. tax
return, a
non-U.S. stockholder
may obtain a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later
determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and
accumulated earnings and profits.
We must withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our
current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently,
although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire
amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so,
we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a
distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a
non-U.S. stockholder
will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property
interests under special provisions of the federal income
tax laws known as FIRPTA. The term
U.S. real property interests includes interests
in real property and shares in corporations at least 50% of
whose assets consists of interests in real property. For taxable
years prior to 2005, a
non-U.S. stockholder
was taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of
U.S. real property interests as if such gain were
effectively connected with a U.S. business of the
non-U.S. stockholder.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
thus was taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gain
rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to
applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative
minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. For
taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2005,
capital gain distributions that are attributable to our sale of
real property are not subject to FIRPTA and, therefore, will be
treated as ordinary dividends rather than as gain from the sale
of a United States real property interest, as long as the
non-U.S. stockholder
did not own more than 5% of the class of our stock on which the
distributions are made during the taxable year. As a result,
such
non-U.S. stockholders
generally are subject to withholding tax on such capital
58
gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to
withholding tax on ordinary dividends. A
non-U.S. corporate
stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution.
We must withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate
as a capital gain dividend. A
non-U.S. stockholder
will receive a credit against its U.S. federal income tax
liability for the amount we withhold.
A
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA on gains from the
disposition of our stock as long as at all times
non-U.S. persons
hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our
stock. We cannot assure you that that test will be met. However,
a
non-U.S. stockholder
that owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common
stock at all times during a specified testing period will not
incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from the disposition of our stock
if the common stock is regularly traded on an
established securities market. Because the common stock is
regularly traded on an established securities market, a
stockholder owning 5% or less of our common stock will not incur
tax under FIRPTA on gain from the disposition of the common
stock. If the gain on the sale of the common stock were taxed
under FIRPTA, a
non-U.S. stockholder
would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as
U.S. stockholders, and subject to applicable alternative
minimum tax, a special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals. Furthermore, a
non-U.S. stockholder
generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if:
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the gain is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders
U.S. trade or business, in which case the
non-U.S. stockholder
will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders
with respect to such gain, or
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the
non-U.S. stockholder
is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the
U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and
has a tax home in the United States, in which case
the
non-U.S. stockholder
will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.
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OTHER TAX
CONSEQUENCES
Tax
Aspects of our Investment in the Operating Partnership
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax
considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments
in the operating partnership. See Partnership
Agreement. The discussion does not cover state or local
tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.
Tax Classification. Prior to the time that
third-party limited partners are admitted to the operating
partnership, the operating partnership will be treated as a
disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes. After such
time, we will be entitled to include in our income our
distributive share of the operating partnerships income
and to deduct our distributive share of the operating
partnerships losses only if the operating partnership is
classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership
rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a
corporation. The remainder of this discussion applies only in
the event that the third-party limited partners are admitted to
the operating partnership. An organization will be classified as
a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income
tax purposes if it:
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is treated as a partnership under Treasury regulations,
effective January 1, 1997, relating to entity
classification (the
check-the-box
regulations); and
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is not a publicly traded partnership.
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Under the
check-the-box
regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two members
may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a
corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make
an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for
federal income tax purposes. The operating partnership intends
to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes and it will not elect to be treated as an association
taxable as a corporation under the
check-the-box
regulations.
A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests
are traded on an established securities market or are readily
tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent
thereof. A publicly traded partnership will not, however, be
treated as a corporation for any taxable year if 90% or more of
the partnerships gross income for such year consists of
certain passive-type income, including real property rents
(which includes rents that would be qualifying income for
purposes of the 75% gross income test, with certain
modifications that make it easier for the rents to qualify for
the 90% passive income exception), gains from the sale or other
disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the
90% passive income exception).
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Treasury regulations (the PTP regulations) provide
limited safe harbors from the definition of a publicly traded
partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors (the
private placement exclusion), interests in a
partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a
secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if
(i) all interests in the partnership were issued in a
transaction or transactions that were not required to be
registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
(ii) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners
at any time during the partnerships taxable year. In
determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person
owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or
S corporation that owns, directly or indirectly, an
interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such
partnership only if (i) substantially all of the value of
the owners interest in the entity is attributable to the
entitys direct or indirect interest in the partnership and
(ii) a principal purpose of the use of the tiered
arrangement is to permit the partnership to satisfy the
100-partner limitation. We believe that the operating
partnership will qualify for the private placement exclusion.
We do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue
Service that the operating partnership will be classified as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason
the operating partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather
than as a partnership, for federal income tax purposes, we
likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT. See
Requirements for Qualification
Income Tests and Requirements for
Qualification Asset Tests. In addition, any
change in the operating partnerships status for tax
purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we
might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution.
See Requirements for Qualification
Distribution Requirements. Further, items of income and
deduction of the operating partnership would not pass through to
its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders
for tax purposes. Consequently, the operating partnership would
be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net
income, and distributions to its partners would constitute
dividends that would not be deductible in computing the
operating partnerships taxable income.
State and
Local Taxes
We and/or
our stockholders may be subject to taxation by various states
and localities, including those in which we or a stockholder
transacts business, owns property or resides. The state and
local tax treatment may differ from the federal income tax
treatment described above. Consequently, stockholders should
consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and
local tax laws upon an investment in the common stock.
BOOK-ENTRY
SECURITIES
We may issue the securities offered by means of this prospectus
in whole or in part in book-entry form, meaning that beneficial
owners of the securities will not receive certificates
representing their ownership interests in the securities, except
in the event the book-entry system for the securities is
discontinued. If securities are issued in book-entry form, they
will be evidenced by one or more global securities that will be
deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating to the securities. The
Depository Trust Company is expected to serve as depository.
Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the
individual securities represented thereby, a global security may
not be transferred except as a whole by the depository for the
global security to a nominee of such depository or by a nominee
of such depository to such depository or another nominee of such
depository or by the depository or any nominee of such
depository to a successor depository or a nominee of such
successor. Global securities may be issued in either registered
or bearer form and in either temporary or permanent form. The
specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a
class or series of securities that differ from the terms
described herein will be described in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we anticipate that the following provisions will
apply to depository arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a global security, the depository for the
global security or its nominee will credit on its book-entry
registration and transfer system the respective principal
amounts of the individual securities represented by such global
security to the accounts of persons that have accounts with such
depository, who are called participants. Such
accounts shall be designated by the underwriters, dealers or
agents with respect to the securities or by us if the securities
are offered and sold directly by us. Ownership of beneficial
interests in a global security will be limited to the
depositorys participants or persons that may hold
interests through such participants. Ownership
60
of beneficial interests in the global security will be shown on,
and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only
through, records maintained by the applicable depository or its
nominee (with respect to beneficial interests of participants)
and records of the participants (with respect to beneficial
interests of persons who hold through participants). The laws of
some states require that certain purchasers of securities take
physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such
limits and laws may impair the ability to own, pledge or
transfer beneficial interest in a global security.
So long as the depository for a global security or its nominee
is the registered owner of such global security, such depository
or nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole
owner or holder of the securities represented by such global
security for all purposes under the applicable instrument
defining the rights of a holder of the securities. Except as
provided below or in the applicable prospectus supplement,
owners of beneficial interest in a global security will not be
entitled to have any of the individual securities of the series
represented by such global security registered in their names,
will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of
any such securities in definitive form and will not be
considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable
instrument defining the rights of the holders of the securities.
Payments of amounts payable with respect to individual
securities represented by a global security registered in the
name of a depository or its nominee will be made to the
depository or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered
owner of the global security representing such securities. None
of us, our officers and directors or any trustee, paying agent
or security registrar for an individual series of securities
will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial
ownership interests in the global security for such securities
or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records
relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depository for a series of securities offered
by means of this prospectus or its nominee, upon receipt of any
payment of principal, premium, interest, dividend or other
amount in respect of a permanent global security representing
any of such securities, will immediately credit its
participants accounts with payments in amounts
proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the
principal amount of such global security for such securities as
shown on the records of such depository or its nominee. We also
expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial
interests in such global security held through such participants
will be governed by standing instructions and customary
practices, as is the case with securities held for the account
of customers in bearer form or registered in street
name. Such payments will be the responsibility of such
participants.
If a depository for a series of securities is at any time
unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as depository and a
successor depository is not appointed by us within 90 days,
we will issue individual securities of such series in exchange
for the global security representing such series of securities.
In addition, we may, at any time and in our sole discretion,
subject to any limitations described in the applicable
prospectus supplement relating to such securities, determine not
to have any securities of such series represented by one or more
global securities and, in such event, will issue individual
securities of such series in exchange for the global security or
securities representing such series of securities.
PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities offered by means of this prospectus
to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them
or may sell such securities to investors directly or through
agents. Any such underwriter or agent involved in the offer and
sale of such securities will be named in the prospectus
supplement relating to the securities. We also may sell shares
directly to persons through an administrator in connection with
a dividend reinvestment or similar plan.
Underwriters may offer and sell the securities at a fixed price
or prices, which may be changed, related to the prevailing
market prices at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. We
may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our
agents to offer and sell the securities upon the terms and
conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. In connection with a sale of the securities offered
by means of this prospectus, underwriters may be deemed to have
received compensation from us in the form of underwriting
discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from
purchasers or securities for whom they may act as agent.
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Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and
such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions from the underwriters
and/or
commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.
Any underwriting compensation paid by us to the underwriters or
agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and
any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by
underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. The maximum compensation to be
received by any NASD member will not exceed 10% of the gross
offering proceeds plus an additional 0.5% for bona fide due
diligence expenses in connection with the sales of securities
hereunder. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the
distribution of the offered securities may be deemed to be
underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them
and any profit realized by them upon the resale of the offered
securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and
commissions, under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and
agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us,
to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
If so indicated in a prospectus supplement, we will authorize
agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers by certain
institutional investors to purchase offered securities for
payment and delivery on a future date specified in such
prospectus supplement. There may be limitations on the minimum
amount which may be purchased by any such institutional
investors or on the portion of the aggregate principal amount of
the particular offered security which may be sold pursuant to
such arrangements. Institutional investors to which such offers
may be made, when authorized, include commercial and savings
banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies,
educational and charitable institutions and such other
institutions as may be approved by us. The obligations of any
such purchasers pursuant to such delayed delivery and payment
arrangements will not be subject to any conditions except that:
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the purchase by an institution of the offered securities will
not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any
jurisdiction in the U.S. to which such institution is
subject; and
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if the offered securities are being sold to underwriters, we
will have sold to such underwriters the total principal amount
of such securities covered by such arrangements. Underwriters
will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity of
such arrangements or our or such institutional investors
performance thereunder.
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We may agree to sell the securities to an underwriter for a
delayed public offering and may further agree to adjustments
before the public offering to the underwriters purchase
price for the securities based on changes in the market value of
the securities. The prospectus supplement relating to any such
public offering will contain information on the number of
securities to be sold, the manner of sale or other distribution,
and other material facts relating to the public offering.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The legality of any securities offered hereby will be passed
upon for us by Hunton & Williams LLP. Certain legal
matters will be passed upon for the underwriters, if any, by the
counsel named in a prospectus supplement. In addition, we have
based the description of federal income tax consequences in
Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT upon the opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Capital Lease Funding,
Inc. appearing in Capital Lease Funding, Inc.s Annual
Report
(Form 10-K)
for the year ended December 31, 2004 (including schedules
appearing therein), have been audited by Ernst & Young
LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth
in their report thereon, included therein, and incorporated
herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are
incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report
given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and
auditing.
62
9,000,000 Shares
Common
Stock
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
May , 2007
Wachovia
Securities
Citi
Friedman
Billings Ramsey
KeyBanc Capital
Markets
Stifel
Nicolaus
Keefe,
Bruyette & Woods